Term
| Nitrogen containg, basic plant constituents with strong physiological effect |
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Definition
| Alkaloids (contained in Morphine, Atropine, Caffeine, Quinine, Codeine...) |
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Term
| Dried juice that is obtained by scratching the poppy seed and is used for pain relief, treat melancholia and depression? |
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Definition
| Opium from Papaver somniferum (Poppy) |
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Term
| what does Papaver somniferum contain? |
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Definition
| 10% morphine plus 40 alkaloids including codeine, papaverine (morphine is a lead structure for analgesics) |
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Term
| The Cinchona pubescens (Peruvian bark) was found to heal what and contains what that has a stereoisomer used in Rx? |
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Definition
| China bark heals malaria; contains Quinine that kills Plasmodia falc-- derivatives include primaquine, mefloquin... Quinidine is a stereoisomer use as an antiarrhythmic drug |
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Term
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Definition
| It inhibits parasite's heme polymerase (which polymerizes toxic heme to hemozoin), causing accumulation of toxic heme; high doses may lead to death by pulmonary edema or paralysis if injected into a nerve |
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Term
| What actions does Salix alba (willow bark) have and what drug uses this? |
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Definition
| Antifebrile actions (treat feverish conditions) and is used in ASA; Salcin is present in the willow bark and its derivative is acetylsalicylic acid. |
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Term
| What was Digitalis purpurea (foxglove) used for and what prescription drug uses it today? |
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Definition
| Was used as a diuretic for dropsy and glycosides from digitalis are used for cardiac insufficiency (cardiac glycosides) like digotoxin and digoxin which inh Na/K ATPase, causing increased intracelluar Na and Ca resulting in increased heart rate contraction***It is also used as a molecular probe by its ability to bind to uridine*** |
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Term
| What is the effect of Claviceps purpurea and what is derived from it? |
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Definition
| It is a fungal parasite living on corn (found on rye); It is a strong vasoconstrictor and stimulator of smooth muscle; Ergotamine was derived from the fungus (alkaloid) and it along with derivatives are used for migrains, vascular insufficiency, block of lactation, induction of labor etc. Ergot poisoning was also know as St. Anthony's Fire!!! |
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Term
| Physostigma venenosum (Calabar bean) inhibited what? |
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Definition
| 1st anticholinesterase inhibitor; 1st used to constrict pupils (in glaucoma); it stimulates almost all non-striped muscles in the body (also used in constipation and vomiting); Derivatives: Neostigmine (atonic gut), Pyridostigmine (M gravis), Rivastigmine (M Alzheimer) |
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Term
| Atropa belladonna (Deadly nightshade) produced what drugs? |
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Definition
| It was used to widen pupils; Classic drugs: Atropine and scopolamine (muscarinic antagonists); Later: ipratropium, trihexyphenidyl, pirenzepine, tropicamide and tolterodine |
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Term
| What was/is Strychnos toxiferum (Curare) used for? |
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Definition
| Was used as arrow toxin; introduced in the 1940s as a muscle relaxant; induces paralysis after systemic adm; skeletal muscle relaxant: vecuronium, mivacurium, atracurium... |
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Term
| What is Vinca rosea (Cantharanthus roseus) used for and what is its MOA? |
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Definition
| Leukemias (vincristine) and testicular tumors (vinblastine); They are inhibitors of microtubule formation resulting in the arrest of cells in metaphse and inh mitosis |
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Term
| What is Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew tree) used in and for? |
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Definition
| Taxol, which is a mitotic inhibitor used in tumor therapy (ovarian, lung and breast...) |
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Term
| What is Etoposide from P. peltatus (extracted from mayapple) used for and its MOA? |
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Definition
| Inh topoisomerase II (block replication of cells) and is used to treat carcinomas, lymphomas, Kaposi's sarcome and Melanoma |
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Term
| What is Camptothecin (from the barks of Chinese camptotheca tree) used for and its MOA? |
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Definition
| Inh topoisomerase I and used to treat breast, colon, small cell lung cancer and leukemia |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease nervousness, anxiety or restlessness, muscle relaxant, anti-cancer |
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Term
| Common use of cayenne pepper? |
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Definition
| pain relief, urinary incontinence, blood thinner; capsaicin-active ingredient that inhbits protein P (to decrease pain) |
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Term
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Definition
| used to treat stomach ulcers |
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Term
| what is the common use of valerian? |
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Definition
| used as a mild sedative or sleep-aid; also as a muscle relaxant |
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Term
| What is the common use of Saw Palmetto? |
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Definition
| used for enlarged prostate and inflammation in urinary tract |
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Term
| What is the common use of Feverfew? |
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Definition
| used for migraine, headaches, arthritis, rhematic disease and allergies |
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Term
| What is the common use of Feverfew? |
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Definition
| used for migraine, headaches, arthritis, rhematic disease and allergies |
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Term
| What is the common use of Feverfew? |
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Definition
| used for migraine, headaches, arthritis, rhematic disease and allergies |
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Term
| What is the common use of Echnacea? |
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Definition
| boosts the immune system, helps fight cold and flu, aids in wound healing |
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Term
| What is the common use of Garlic? |
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Definition
| used for lowering blood cholesterol, triglyceride levels and blood pressure; anti-cancer |
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Term
| What is the common use of Goldenseal? |
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Definition
| used as mild laxative and reducing inflammation |
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Term
| What is the common use of Ginseng? |
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Definition
| Increase physical stamina and mental concentration |
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Term
| What are the targets for dementia? |
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Definition
| Enhancement of cholinergic function: Inhibition of AChE and Muscarinic agonists |
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