Term
| Name several possible herb-drug interactions |
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Definition
1) increasing the effect of anti-diabetic drugs and dropping blood sugar 2) increasing or decreasing effects of anticoagulants leading to bleeding or harmful clots 3) decreasing effect of anti-infective agent letting infections get out of control 4) decreasing effect of blood pressure meds leading to high blood pressure and stroke |
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Term
What chemicals found in plants are anti-oxidants with estrogenic actions? Name an example of toxicity. |
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Definition
flavones or flavonoids Flavonoids can block uptake of ascorbic acid into cell |
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Term
| What chemical is a local irritant? they may be volatile as well as having pharmacologic actions |
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Definition
Terpenes They cause GI sxs, aspiration, and pulmonary tox. |
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Term
| This oil may be concentrated in the lungs, resulting in chemical pneumonitis |
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Definition
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Term
| These drugs have high allergic potential (and coincidently enough, most of them are terpenes) |
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Definition
| chamomile, agnus castus, cassia, cinnamon, feverfew, black tea |
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Term
What can cause hepatotox and liver cancer? |
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Definition
| pennyroyal, germander, chaparral, comfrey |
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Term
| what can cause kidney cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 drugs that have shown carcinogenicity in experimental studies |
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Definition
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Term
Captain Hook's herbal packaging plant does not always have the best packaging methods. What are some contaminants that may have gotten into the products? |
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Definition
- unintended toxic compounds - heavy metals and/or arsenic - bacterial and aflatoxin contamination (potent carcinogen) - toxic plant material like belladonna |
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Term
| Aflatoxin is produced by what? |
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Definition
A fungus. the aflatoxin is metabolized by P450 in the liver to a toxic metabolite that can cause cancer |
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Term
| Cruella DeVille recently acquired a job at an herbal packaging plant. She has secretly been adding adulterants to products. What are examples of drugs that she could have adulterated? |
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Definition
| mefenamic acid, corticosteroids, diuretics, phenylbutazone, benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants and caffeine |
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Term
| The 3 stages of drug action are: |
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Definition
1) pharmaceutical sate 2) pharmacokinetic stage 3) pharmacodynamic stage |
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Term
| describe the pharmaceutical stage |
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Definition
| dissolution or distentegration of drug (something Ahsan taught us about!) |
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Term
| describe the pharmacokinetic stage |
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Definition
ADME of drug (boooo PK!!!) |
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Term
| describe the pharmacodynamic stage |
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Definition
the body's physiologic response toa drug or combo of drugs pharmacoDYnamics is what the Drug does to You |
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Term
| What are a few drugs that inhibit 3A4? |
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Definition
ketoconazole, dillapiol (in dill and pepper), hypericin (St. John's wort), Naringenin (grapefruit and wild cherry), Parthenolide (feverfew), berberine (goldenseal), dihydrokaempferol (wild cherry) |
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Term
| What are the essential nutrients? |
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Definition
Ca, Zn, Se, folate, C, E (not sure if the C and E are supposed to vitamins or what he means by that) |
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Term
| what are the non-essential nutrients? |
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Definition
1) phytochemicals (carotenoids, flavonoids, indoles, isothiocyanates, allyl sulfur) 2) zoochemicals (conjugated linoleic acid, N-3 fatty acids) 3) fungochemicals (in mushrooms) 4) bacteriochemical- formed f/ food fermentations and those resulting f/ intestinal flora |
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Term
| Bacterial-formed Equol may account for ... |
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Definition
| anticancer properties from soy in Asian-Americans |
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Term
| If a person has high fruit and veg intake, plus the myeloperoxidase enzyme they may ... |
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Definition
| be at less risk for breast cancer |
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Term
| St. John's wort is a potent ------ of CYP3A4, which is mediated by activating the orphan pregnane X receptor; It also contains ingredients that ------ 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4 |
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Definition
inducer of 3A4 ; means the drugs metabolized by 3A4 will not be as effective or have reduced levels (ex: warfarin, cyclosporin, digoxin, oral contraceptives, protease inhibs) it is also an inhibitor of those other P450 enzymes (1A2 etc) I know what you are thinking. Sriv just contradicted himself b/c earlier he said St. John's wort was an inhibitor of 3A4. But it is definitely an inducer! |
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Term
| St John's wort reduced AUC of the HIV-1 protease inhibitor indinavir |
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Definition
| a reduction in indinavir exposure in this magnitude could lead to the development of drug resis and treatment failure |
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Term
| herbs that interact with anticoag/antiplatelet actions |
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Definition
| cinchona bark, clove oil, ginko (increased bleeding risk), garlic (increased bleeding risk), ginger, ginseng, fevefew |
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Term
herbs that interact with CNS stimulants |
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Definition
| guarana, kola, ma huang (ephedrine), St John's wort, yohimbe (for impotence) |
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Term
| herbs that interact with CNS depressants |
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Definition
| hawthorne, kava kava, skullcap, valerian |
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Term
| herbs that interact with antidepressants |
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Definition
| ginseng, ma huang, passion flower, St. John's Wort, yohimbe |
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Term
| herbs that interact in diabetes |
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Definition
| garlic, ginger, ginseng, hawthorn, ma huang |
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Term
| herbs that interact with HTN |
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Definition
| devil's claw, ginseng, goldenseal, hawthorn, licorice, ma huang, squill, yohimbe |
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Term
| what is kava kava used for |
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Definition
| decrease nervousness, anxiety or restlessness; muscle relaxant and anti-cancer |
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Term
| Sebastian the crab is wanting to take kava kava because he has been increasingly nervous lately about composing new songs for the Under the Sea orchestra. His muscles ache too. His current meds include Keppra (for seizures), Tylenol and Bisacodyl. He also drinks 2 beers a day. What problems may the kava kava cause? |
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Definition
may increase the effects of Keppra, may enhance the effects of alcohol |
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Term
| Flounder the fish is embarassed because he has recently been suffering from urinary incontinence. His joints also hurt from all that swimming he has to do. What herbal medicine should he take? What side effects should he look out for? |
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Definition
cayenne pepper overuse may cause skin ulceration and blistering. may cause hypothermia. possible ulcer |
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Term
I am a gooey sick tasting piece of candy. And I can treat stomach ulcers. Sometimes I might cause high blood pressure, swelling or electrolyte though. What am I? |
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Definition
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Term
Jennifer Dunkle might need this medicine because she has had trouble sleeping. Her muscles are probably needing some relaxation too. What should she take? Will it interact with any of her meds? |
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Definition
Valerian!! this may increase the effects of certain anti-seizure meds; may prolong the effects of certain anesthetic agents |
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Term
| The perfect drug for BPH and inflammation of the urinary tract. |
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Definition
Saw Palmetto may interfere with other hormone therapies |
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Term
| It's Saturday night and you have been dancing up a fever! You need something to help your migraine headaches, arthritis (from all that dancing), rheumatic disease and allergies (seriously, you have a lot of different problems). What do you take? |
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Definition
Feverfew may increase bleeding in pts taking anti-clotting meds |
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Term
| It's winter time and you don't want to get sick. You want a med that will help you fight the cold and the flu, and it might be nice if this med helped in wound healing too. What is this med? |
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Definition
Echinacea may cause inflammation of the liver if used with anabolic steroids, methotrexate, etc |
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Term
This med is used for lowering blood cholesterol, TG levels and blood pressure. It may have anti-cancer properties too. (Or you may need to ward off some vampires) |
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Definition
Garlic May increase bleeding in pts taking anti-clotting meds |
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Term
Picture this: a certain sea creature is constipated and needs a mild laxative. It also needs something to reduce inflammation. |
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Definition
Goldenseal may increase high blood pressure |
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Term
| I am a drug used to increase physical stamina and mental concentration. (maybe pharmacy students need to take this?) |
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Definition
Ginseng may decrease effectiveness of anti-clotting meds; may increase b.p.; may cause bleeding in women after menopause |
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Term
| Herbals of unknown recommendation should not be recommended for |
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Definition
pregnant pts, pts breast feeding, anyone taking meds (due to potential interactions) |
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