Term
What is the scientific name for garlic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the Allin sativum plant is used to get the active ingredients? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much cholesterol is made by the liver daily? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does Allin Sativum work to reduce cholesterol? (ie what enzyme does in hibit) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 13 common uses for garlic? |
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Definition
Common cold prevention
Heart disease prevention
Antiseptic
Antimicrobial activity
Insect repellent
Anticancer effects
Strengthens Immune system
Vaginal infections
Antioxidants effect
Anticoagulation effects
High cholesterol
HTN
Ward off vampires |
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Term
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Definition
| by crushing garlic cloves this causes allin and allinase to react making allicin |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemically stable compound which is odorless and has little physiological activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemically unstable compound which has an odor and has physiological activity. |
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Term
| What kind of garlic can be used as a antioxidant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are side effect of Allin sativum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when you decrease the amount of Allicin in a dosage form? |
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Definition
| You decrease the odor as well as the effectiveness |
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Term
| What is the usually dosing for garlic? |
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Definition
| 600-900 mg daily (10mg allin) |
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Term
| How long must pts take garlic to see the maximal effect? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drug that was discussed when taken with garlic can increase GI upset? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 drugs discussed interact with garlic? |
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Definition
Nornir (ritonavir)
Fortovase/Invirase (saquinavir)
Coumadin (warfarin) |
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Term
| What is the usual fresh garlic dose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the scientific name for red yeast rice? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is red yeast rice made or grown? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the key compound in monascus purpureus? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does red yeast rice reduce cholesterol? |
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Definition
| by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase |
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Term
| What is the recommended dose of M. purpureus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 commercial available product discussed in the lecture that contain red yeast rice? |
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Definition
Cholestin (600 mg of red yeast rice) &
Herbalin Ruby Monascus (500mg of red yeast rice) |
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Term
| What are side effects of monascus purpureus? |
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Definition
| heartburn, flatulence and dizziness |
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Term
| What are some CI of red yeast rice |
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Definition
| hypersensitivity or pts that are allergic to yeast or rice |
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Term
| What are some pregnancy or lactation concerns with red yeast rice? |
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Definition
| anti-cholesterol agents should not be recommended in this pt population |
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Term
| What drugs interaction with red yeast rice? |
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Definition
| Administration of red yeast rice and a statin for example have additive effects |
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Term
| What is the scientific name for oats? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the oats are used to collect the active ingredients? |
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Definition
| The seeds, straw and oat bran |
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Term
| What are some possible oral use for Avena sativa L.? |
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Definition
| DM, hypercholesterolemia and lowering uric acid levels |
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Term
| T or F oats can be used topically for dry and itchy skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the active or key ingredient in oats? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does Avena sativa decrease cholesterol? |
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Definition
| by binding to bile acids in the stomach and increasing fecal bile acid excretion |
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Term
| T or F oaks can increase food viscosity |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the dosing range for Avena sativa? |
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Definition
| 56-105 grams of whole oaks = 3.6 -10 grams of beta-glucan |
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Term
| What is the minimum amount of oaks needs per serving for a company to make health claims? |
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Definition
| 750 mg of soluble fiber per serving, which is about 3 grams/ day |
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Term
| What is the scientific name for artichoke? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the artichoke or plant do we used to extract active ingredients from? |
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Definition
| The stem leafs (not the leafs that come off the flower itself) |
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Term
| What is the key compound that can only be found in artichoke? |
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Definition
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Term
| What key compounds can be found in Cynara scolymus? |
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Definition
Flavonoids such as luteolin
Caffeoylqunic acids such as cynarin & chlorogenic acid
Sesquiterpene lactones such as cynaropicrin |
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Term
| What are 5 common uses for artichoke? |
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Definition
| stomach ache, nausea, vomiting and flatulence hyperlipidemia |
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Term
| T or F artichoke can be used to treat moderate to severe hyperlipidemia? |
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Definition
| False (only mild - moderate) |
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Term
| What is the usual dosing for Cynara scolymus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some SE of artichoke? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some allergic reactions pts may have to artichoke? |
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Definition
| individuals who are sensitive to any part of the plant and sometime allergic dermatitis |
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Term
| What are the scientific names for hawthorn? |
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Definition
| Crataegus monogyna & Crataegus lavigata |
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Term
| What part of the hawthorn plant do we use to get most of our active ingredients from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the key compounds found in C. monogyna and C. lavigata |
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Definition
| Flavonids and proanthocyanidins |
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Term
| What flavonoids are found in the hawthorn plant? |
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Definition
| vitexin, rutin, quercetin and hyperoside |
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Term
| In the hawthorn plant, where would I find the least amount of flavonoids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the international standardization recommended range for hawthorn flavonoids? |
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Definition
| 0.6 - 1.5% which is mostly hyperoside flavonoids |
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Term
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Definition
| Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (18.75%) |
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Term
| What does proanthocyanidins mean? |
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Definition
Pro = before
antho = flower
cyan = color
idin = an aglycone |
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Term
| What is the indication for hawthorn? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the side effects of hawthorn? |
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Definition
| GI disturbance, headaches, vertigo, sleepiness (in general hawthorn is well tolerated though) |
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Term
| Review the slide comparing hawthorn and dioxin!!! |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the MOA of hawthorn? |
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Definition
- increases force of contraction and lengthens refractory period
- increase coronary blood flow, cardiac output and reduce oxygen comsumption
- increase permeability to Ca+ and phosphodiesterase inhibition, which leads to increase cAMP
- increase cAMP = increase coronary blod flow, vasodilation and positive inotorpic effect |
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Term
| What is the usual dosing for hawthorn? |
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Definition
| 160 - 900 mg of extract divided in 2-3 doses |
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Term
| What is the usual dosing for hawthorn as powder, tincture and tea? |
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Definition
powder = 2-5 grams/day
tincture = 20 drops divided into 2-3 doses
tea = 1-1.5 grams of drug as infusion |
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Term
| How long must you use hawthorn to see beneficial effects? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the U.S brand equivalent of hawthorn? |
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Definition
| HeartCare (Nature's Made), which contains 18.75% of OPS's |
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Term
| Are there any drug interactions with hawthorn? |
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Definition
| None, that have been reported with conventional cardio drugs |
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Term
| Should pt's use hawthorn in pregnancy and lactation? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long should pt's use hawthorn for? |
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Definition
| for a short period of time (safe) |
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Term
| Where does alpha-linolenic acid come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the active or key ingredients in fish oil? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much EPA/DHA will one 1 gram of fish oil yield? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much EPA/DHA with 1 gram of flax seed oil yield? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the current ratio of Omega-6 to Omega-3 fats do Americans consume today? What is the ideal ratio? |
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Definition
| 25:1/ideal ratio wound be 2:1 |
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Term
| What is the recommended EPA/DHA per day dose? |
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Definition
| 500 - 650 mg of EPA/DHA per day |
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Term
| How much EPA/DHA do Americans currently consume daily? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of American do not eat fish? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some health benefits of fish oil? |
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Definition
Healthy Heart
Brain development and function
Asthma and arthritis
Vision acuity
Immune function
Skin & hair health |
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Term
| What is the current USDA/HHS dietary recommendation in regards to fish consumption? |
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Definition
| Have about 2 four ounces of fatty fish (salmon) per week which would yield about 3500 mg of EPA/DHA per week or 496 mg per day |
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Term
| What is the scientific name for Horse Chestnuts? |
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Definition
| Aesculus hippocastanum L. |
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Term
| What are the key compounds found in Horse Chestnuts |
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Definition
1. Terpenoid compounds = escin (aescin)
2. Fatty Acids
3. Coumarin derivatives - Aesculin |
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Term
| What part of the horse chestnuts can I extract Aesculin (coumarin derivatives) from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the standardization for producing horse chestnut? |
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Definition
| 16-20% which is escin (aescin) |
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Term
| What are the therapeutic uses of Aesculus hippocastanum? |
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Definition
Treatment of:
Chronic venous insufficiency
Inflammation (due to sport injuries)
Skin care products
Hemorrhoids |
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Term
| What is the usual dosing for horse chestnuts? |
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Definition
| 300-900 mg per day of escin in 2-3 divided doses. |
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Term
| What are 2 commercially available products for the treatment of veinous insufficiency? |
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Definition
| Venostatin and Supro Caps |
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Term
| What does the FDA say about horse chest nuts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when people ingest aesculin or the leaves, bark or twigs of horse chestnuts? |
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Definition
| Diarrhea, vomiting, dilated pupils and paralysis |
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Term
| What are the SE of consuming the standard preparation of Horse Chestnuts? |
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Definition
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Term
| Theoretically what can aescutus hippocastanum be used for? |
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Definition
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Term
| Should horse chestnuts be used in pregnant of lactating patients? |
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Definition
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