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Herbals Cardio
Herbals Cardio
85
Other
Professional
03/21/2011

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Term

What is the scientific name for garlic?

Definition
Allin sativum
Term
What part of the Allin sativum plant is used to get the active ingredients?
Definition
The root
Term
How much cholesterol is made by the liver daily?
Definition
60%
Term
How does Allin Sativum work to reduce cholesterol? (ie what enzyme does in hibit)
Definition
HMG-CoA reductase
Term
What are 13 common uses for garlic?
Definition
Common cold prevention
Heart disease prevention
Antiseptic
Antimicrobial activity
Insect repellent
Anticancer effects
Strengthens Immune system
Vaginal infections
Antioxidants effect
Anticoagulation effects
High cholesterol
HTN
Ward off vampires
Term
How do you make allicin?
Definition
by crushing garlic cloves this causes allin and allinase to react making allicin
Term
What is alliin?
Definition
A chemically stable compound which is odorless and has little physiological activity.
Term
What is Allicin?
Definition
A chemically unstable compound which has an odor and has physiological activity.
Term
What kind of garlic can be used as a antioxidant?
Definition
Aged garlic
Term
What are side effect of Allin sativum?
Definition
odor & GI upset
Term
What happens when you decrease the amount of Allicin in a dosage form?
Definition
You decrease the odor as well as the effectiveness
Term
What is the usually dosing for garlic?
Definition
600-900 mg daily (10mg allin)
Term
How long must pts take garlic to see the maximal effect?
Definition
6 weeks - 2 months
Term
What drug that was discussed when taken with garlic can increase GI upset?
Definition
Norvir (ritonavir)
Term
What 3 drugs discussed interact with garlic?
Definition
Nornir (ritonavir)
Fortovase/Invirase (saquinavir)
Coumadin (warfarin)
Term
What is the usual fresh garlic dose?
Definition
2-5g/day (5-20 cloves)
Term
What is the scientific name for red yeast rice?
Definition
Monascus purpureus
Term
How is red yeast rice made or grown?
Definition
by fermentation
Term
What is the key compound in monascus purpureus?
Definition
Moncaolin K = mevinolin
Term
How does red yeast rice reduce cholesterol?
Definition
by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
Term
What is the recommended dose of M. purpureus?
Definition
1.2 grams daily
Term
What are 2 commercial available product discussed in the lecture that contain red yeast rice?
Definition

Cholestin (600 mg of red yeast rice) &

Herbalin Ruby Monascus (500mg of red yeast rice)

Term
What are side effects of monascus purpureus?
Definition
heartburn, flatulence and dizziness
Term
What are some CI of red yeast rice
Definition
hypersensitivity or pts that are allergic to yeast or rice
Term
What are some pregnancy or lactation concerns with red yeast rice?
Definition
anti-cholesterol agents should not be recommended in this pt population
Term
What drugs interaction with red yeast rice?
Definition
Administration of red yeast rice and a statin for example have additive effects
Term
What is the scientific name for oats?
Definition
Avena staiva L.
Term
What part of the oats are used to collect the active ingredients?
Definition
The seeds, straw and oat bran
Term
What are some possible oral use for Avena sativa L.?
Definition
DM, hypercholesterolemia and lowering uric acid levels
Term
T or F oats can be used topically for dry and itchy skin?
Definition
TRUE
Term
What is the active or key ingredient in oats?
Definition
Beta-glucans
Term
How does Avena sativa decrease cholesterol?
Definition
by binding to bile acids in the stomach and increasing fecal bile acid excretion
Term
T or F oaks can increase food viscosity
Definition
TRUE
Term
What is the dosing range for Avena sativa?
Definition
56-105 grams of whole oaks = 3.6 -10 grams of beta-glucan
Term
What is the minimum amount of oaks needs per serving for a company to make health claims?
Definition
750 mg of soluble fiber per serving, which is about 3 grams/ day
Term
What is the scientific name for artichoke?
Definition
Cynara scolymus L.
Term
What part of the artichoke or plant do we used to extract active ingredients from?
Definition
The stem leafs (not the leafs that come off the flower itself)
Term
What is the key compound that can only be found in artichoke?
Definition
Cynara
Term
What key compounds can be found in Cynara scolymus?
Definition
Flavonoids such as luteolin
Caffeoylqunic acids such as cynarin & chlorogenic acid
Sesquiterpene lactones such as cynaropicrin
Term
What are 5 common uses for artichoke?
Definition
stomach ache, nausea, vomiting and flatulence hyperlipidemia
Term
T or F artichoke can be used to treat moderate to severe hyperlipidemia?
Definition
False (only mild - moderate)
Term
What is the usual dosing for Cynara scolymus?
Definition
320-640 mg TID
Term
What are some SE of artichoke?
Definition
Mild GI upset
Term
What are some allergic reactions pts may have to artichoke?
Definition
individuals who are sensitive to any part of the plant and sometime allergic dermatitis
Term
What are the scientific names for hawthorn?
Definition
Crataegus monogyna & Crataegus lavigata
Term
What part of the hawthorn plant do we use to get most of our active ingredients from?
Definition
flower and leaves
Term
What are the key compounds found in C. monogyna and C. lavigata
Definition
Flavonids and proanthocyanidins
Term
What flavonoids are found in the hawthorn plant?
Definition
vitexin, rutin, quercetin and hyperoside
Term
In the hawthorn plant, where would I find the least amount of flavonoids?
Definition
the fruit itself
Term
What is the international standardization recommended range for hawthorn flavonoids?
Definition
0.6 - 1.5% which is mostly hyperoside flavonoids
Term
What are OPS's?
Definition
Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (18.75%)
Term
What does proanthocyanidins mean?
Definition
Pro = before
antho = flower
cyan = color
idin = an aglycone
Term
What is the indication for hawthorn?
Definition
NYHA class 1 & 2
Term
What are the side effects of hawthorn?
Definition
GI disturbance, headaches, vertigo, sleepiness (in general hawthorn is well tolerated though)
Term
Review the slide comparing hawthorn and dioxin!!!
Definition
Term
What is the MOA of hawthorn?
Definition
- increases force of contraction and lengthens refractory period

- increase coronary blood flow, cardiac output and reduce oxygen comsumption

- increase permeability to Ca+ and phosphodiesterase inhibition, which leads to increase cAMP

- increase cAMP = increase coronary blod flow, vasodilation and positive inotorpic effect
Term
What is the usual dosing for hawthorn?
Definition
160 - 900 mg of extract divided in 2-3 doses
Term
What is the usual dosing for hawthorn as powder, tincture and tea?
Definition
powder = 2-5 grams/day
tincture = 20 drops divided into 2-3 doses
tea = 1-1.5 grams of drug as infusion
Term
How long must you use hawthorn to see beneficial effects?
Definition
4-8 weeks
Term
What is the U.S brand equivalent of hawthorn?
Definition
HeartCare (Nature's Made), which contains 18.75% of OPS's
Term
Are there any drug interactions with hawthorn?
Definition
None, that have been reported with conventional cardio drugs
Term
Should pt's use hawthorn in pregnancy and lactation?
Definition
avoid use
Term
How long should pt's use hawthorn for?
Definition
for a short period of time (safe)
Term
Where does alpha-linolenic acid come from?
Definition
flax seed oil
Term
What are the active or key ingredients in fish oil?
Definition
EPA/DHA
Term
How much EPA/DHA will one 1 gram of fish oil yield?
Definition
150 mg of EPA/DHA
Term
How much EPA/DHA with 1 gram of flax seed oil yield?
Definition
19.6 mg of EPA?DHA
Term
What is the current ratio of Omega-6 to Omega-3 fats do Americans consume today? What is the ideal ratio?
Definition
25:1/ideal ratio wound be 2:1
Term
What is the recommended EPA/DHA per day dose?
Definition
500 - 650 mg of EPA/DHA per day
Term
How much EPA/DHA do Americans currently consume daily?
Definition
about 100 mg of EPA/DHA
Term
What percent of American do not eat fish?
Definition
25%
Term
What are some health benefits of fish oil?
Definition
Healthy Heart
Brain development and function
Asthma and arthritis
Vision acuity
Immune function
Skin & hair health
Term
What is the current USDA/HHS dietary recommendation in regards to fish consumption?
Definition
Have about 2 four ounces of fatty fish (salmon) per week which would yield about 3500 mg of EPA/DHA per week or 496 mg per day
Term
What is the scientific name for Horse Chestnuts?
Definition
Aesculus hippocastanum L.
Term
What are the key compounds found in Horse Chestnuts
Definition
1. Terpenoid compounds = escin (aescin)
2. Fatty Acids
3. Coumarin derivatives - Aesculin
Term
What part of the horse chestnuts can I extract Aesculin (coumarin derivatives) from?
Definition
Bark, twigs and leaves
Term
What is the standardization for producing horse chestnut?
Definition
16-20% which is escin (aescin)
Term
What are the therapeutic uses of Aesculus hippocastanum?
Definition
Treatment of:
Chronic venous insufficiency
Inflammation (due to sport injuries)
Skin care products
Hemorrhoids
Term
What is the usual dosing for horse chestnuts?
Definition
300-900 mg per day of escin in 2-3 divided doses.
Term
What are 2 commercially available products for the treatment of veinous insufficiency?
Definition
Venostatin and Supro Caps
Term
What does the FDA say about horse chest nuts?
Definition
it is an unsafe herb
Term
What happens when people ingest aesculin or the leaves, bark or twigs of horse chestnuts?
Definition
Diarrhea, vomiting, dilated pupils and paralysis
Term
What are the SE of consuming the standard preparation of Horse Chestnuts?
Definition
stomach upset
Term
Theoretically what can aescutus hippocastanum be used for?
Definition
an anticoagulant
Term
Should horse chestnuts be used in pregnant of lactating patients?
Definition
NO
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