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Herbal Medication
common name, MOA, toxicity and main chemical
47
Pharmacology
1st Grade
01/24/2012

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Opium
Definition

Comes from poppy plant

 

Contains morphine and alkaloids such as codeine

 

treats pain, depression

 

 

Term
Quinine
Definition

Comes from Peruvian Bark

 

Can heal malaria and used as an antiarrhythmic drug

 

high doeses cause cinchonism leading to death by pulmonary edma. If injected into nerve it will cause paralysis

Term
Salicin
Definition

Comes from Willow bark

 

treats antifebrile actions

Term
Digitoxin
Definition

Comes from Foxglove

 

Is used as a diuretic, and cardiac insufficiency

 

High doses are cariotoxic, lower pulse rate, nausea, vomiting

 

inhibits Na/K ATPase, causing an increase of Na and Ca

 

 

Term
Sorghum
Definition

Comes from rye

 

Is used as a vasoconstrictor and stimulates smooth muscle

Term
Ergotamine
Definition

Comes from St. Anthony's fire

 

Used to treat migraines, vascular insufficiency, blocked lactation, and induce labor

Term
Pyridostigmine
Definition

Comes from Calabar bean

 

Used as an anticholinesterase, constricts pupils (glaucoma), stimulates non-striped muscles.

 

It inhibits acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft, thus slowing acetylcholine hydrolysis.

Term
Atropine and scopolamine
Definition

Comes from deadly nightshade

 

Used as anticholinergic (muscle relaxor)

 

 

Term
Tubocurarine
Definition

Comes from Curare

 

Used for arrow poison, induces paralysis after administration, and skeletal muscle relaxation

 

 

Term

Vincristine

 

Vinblastine

Definition

Comes from Vinca Rosea

 

Used as leukemias (fights Leukemia)- vincristine

 

Used as testicular tumors(fights testicular tumors)- Vinblastine

 

Inhibits microtubule formation resulting in arrest of cells in metaphase and inhibits mitosis

Term
Taxol
Definition

Comes from Pacific Yew Tree

 

Used as an mitotic inhibitor, and in tumor therapy

 

 

 

 

Term
Podophyllotoxin (etoposide)
Definition

Comes from teniposid and mayapple

 

Used to treat Carcinomas, pymphomas, melanoma and kaposi's sarcoma

 

Inhibites topoisomerase II and blocks replication of cells

Term
Quinoline (camptothecin)
Definition

Comes from camptotheca tree

 

Used to treat cancer and leukemia

 

Inhibits topoisomerase I

Term
Colchicin
Definition

Comes from autumn crocus

 

Treats gout

Term
Ephedrine
Definition

comes from ephedra

 

Treats astham

Term
Reserpine, Ajmalin
Definition

Comes from Rauwolfia

 

Treats hypertension and arrhythmia

Term
Yohimbine
Definition

Comes from Yohimbe

 

Treats Impotence

Term
Emetin
Definition

From Ipecacuanha

 

Treats Dysenteria 

Term
Caffeine
Definition
From Coffea arabica
Term
Theophylline
Definition

From Thea sinesis

 

Treats asthma

Term
Bacillus spec
Definition
Polymyxin and gramicidine
Term
Streptomyces spec
Definition
gentamicin, rifamycine, tetracycline, nystatine, and vancomycine
Term
Penicillium spec
Definition
B-lactames, Griseofulvin
Term
Nicotine
Definition
From Nicotiana tabacum
Term
Morphine
Definition
Papaver somniferum
Term
Hashish and Marijuana
Definition
From Cannabis Sativa
Term
Cocaine
Definition
From coca erythroxylan
Term
Mescalin
Definition
From Lophophora williamsii
Term
Psilocybin
Definition
From psilocybe mexicana (fungus)
Term
Ethanol
Definition
From Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Term
Botulism, tetanus, dipteria, anthrax
Definition
Bacterial Toxins
Term
Ricin
Definition
From Ricinus communis (castor seeds)
Term
Aconitine
Definition
From Wolfsbane
Term
Strychnine
Definition
From strychnos nux vomica
Term

pyrrolizidine alkaloids

 

phorbol esters

 

Aflatoxin B

Definition

From Tussilago, coldsfoot

 

From Croton tiglium

 

from Aspergillus

Term
Dextromethorphan
Definition
increases the cough threshold of the central medulla
Term
Methamphetamine
Definition

Blocks pre-synaptic reuptake and displacement of vesicular stores of neurotransmitters

 

Effects mood disorders

Term
Kava-kava
Definition

Used to treat anxiety and is a muscle relaxant

 

can increase anti-sezuire medication

Term
Cayenne Peppers
Definition

Used for pain relief and a blood thinner

 

Can cause hypothermia

Term
Licorice
Definition

Used to treat stomach ulers

 

can cause high blood pressure

Term
Valerian
Definition

Used as a mild sedative or sleep aid

 

can increase anti-seziure medicine and can prolong anesthisia

Term
Saw palmetto
Definition

Used to enlarge prostate and urinary tract

 

May interact with hormone therapy

Term
Feverfew
Definition

Used for migraines and arthritis

 

Can increase bleeding in pt taking anti-clotting meds

Term
Echinacea
Definition

Boost immune system

 

Can cause inflammation of liver with steroids

Term
Garlic
Definition

Used to lower blood cholesterol, TGs and blood pressure

 

increases bleeding in pt taking anti-clotting

Term
Goldenseal
Definition
Used as a laxative
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