Term
|
Definition
signs of fatigue and SOB
-due to inadequate perfusion of tissues with blood
swelling of veins
peripheral and pulmonary edeam
-volume overload |
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Term
| Initial Phase of Heart Failure |
|
Definition
Cardiac Remodeling
Heart changes shape due to ischemic tissue secondary to MI
CO declines |
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|
Term
Heart Failure Classifications: ACC/AHA
Stage A |
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Definition
| High risk for HF but without structural heart disease or symptoms of HF |
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Term
|
Definition
| Structural heart disease but without symptoms of HF |
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Term
|
Definition
| Structural Heart disease with prior or current symptoms of HF |
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Term
|
Definition
| advances structural heart disease with marked symptoms despite maximal medical therapy **Specialized intervention required |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| symptomatic with moderate exertion |
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Term
|
Definition
| symptomatic with minimal exertion |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Diuretics, ACEI+ARBs, aldosterone agonists, and Beta blockers |
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Term
|
Definition
| Digoxin, Ionotropic agnets, vasodilators |
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Term
|
Definition
| first line for pt's with volume overload |
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Term
|
Definition
| used in sever heart failure |
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Term
| Potassium sparing diuretics: Tx |
|
Definition
| counteracts hypokalemia produced by other diuretics |
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|
Term
| Thiazide diuretics: use and AE |
|
Definition
produce a moderate diuresis
hypokalemia |
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|
Term
| Loop diuretics: uses and AE |
|
Definition
produce a strong diuresis
hypokalemia |
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|
Term
| potassium sparing diuretics : uses and AE |
|
Definition
produces little diuresis
block K loss
hyperkalemia |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| first line agent for pt.'s w/o volume overload |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| used with people who are intolerant of ACEI |
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|
Term
| Aldosterone receptor blockers |
|
Definition
| used in combo therapy with pt.'s with moderate to severe HF |
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|
Term
|
Definition
arteriolar dilation: afterload reduction
venous dilation: preload reduction
reduce aldosterone release
reduce edema
reduce cardiac remodeling |
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|
Term
|
Definition
similiar effects of ACEI
less reduc. of cardiac remodeling than ACEI |
|
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Term
|
Definition
reduce edema
reduce cardiac remodeling |
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|
Term
| Beta Blockers: MOA and AE |
|
Definition
protect form excessive sympathetic stimulation
protect against dysrhythmias
***can worsen HF*** |
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Term
|
Definition
increased contractile force (positive iontropy)
increased cardiac output |
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|
Term
| Digoxin: MOA (hemodynamic effects) |
|
Definition
Because of increased CO
-sympathetic tone is reduced
-renin release is reduced
Hemodynamic effects:
-after load is decreased
-preload is decreased
-renal blood flow is increased
-edema is reduced |
|
|
Term
| Digoxin: Cardiac adverse effects |
|
Definition
-cardiac dysrhythmias
*most common is AV block with ventricular ectopic beats
*decreased SA node activity
*decreased AV conduction |
|
|
Term
| Digoxin: Noncardiac adverse effects |
|
Definition
Anorexia
Nauseas
Vomitting
Fatigue |
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|
Term
| Sympathomimetics: Dopamine |
|
Definition
synthetic B1-andrenergic receptor agonist
increaes contractility and CO
***used IV for short-term Tx of acute heart failure***
AE: tachycardia |
|
|
Term
| Sympathomumetics: Dopamine |
|
Definition
stimulates receptors in kidney to increase renal blood flow and urine output
reduces neuronal release of NE to increase B-andrenergic activation in heart
***Short term IV use for acute heart failure***
tachycardia |
|
|
Term
| Phosphodiesterase inhibitors: Inamrinone |
|
Definition
increases conc. of cAMP in cardiac myocytes sot stimulate Ca influx
increases contractility and cardiac output
***IV for short term Tx of HF in pt.'s unresponsive to other agents
AE: **bone marrow, liver toxicities |
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|
Term
| Phosphodiesterase inhibitors: Milrinone |
|
Definition
similar hemodynamice an Inamrinone
***Less likely to cause bone marrow and liver toxicities*** |
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|
Term
| Vasodilators: Nitroglycerin |
|
Definition
produces venous vasodilation
AE: hypotension and reflex tachycardia |
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|
Term
| Vasodilators: Sodium nitroprusside |
|
Definition
produces venous and ateriolar vasodilation
AE: profound hypotension |
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|
Term
|
Definition
a aynthetic natriuretic peptide
hypotension |
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