Term
| Interference with bilirubin handling; cytotoxicity; cholestasis; steatosis; hepatitis, cirrhosis, and necrosis; phospholipidosis; carcinoma |
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Definition
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Term
| a potentially toxic product of hemoglobin degradation |
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Definition
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Term
| attaches to albumin binding sites and is then transported to hepatocyte |
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Definition
| unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) |
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Term
| couples UCB to glucuronic acid to become conjugated bilirubin |
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Definition
| Hepatic UDP glucoronyl transferase |
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Term
| excreted into the bile and enters the small intestine |
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Definition
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Term
| converts conjugated bilirubin to urobilinogen |
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Definition
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Term
| is excreted in the stool; some is renally excreted |
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Definition
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Term
| inhibits transport proteins at the hepatocyte membrane, giving rise to elevated plasma levels of both conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin |
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Definition
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Term
| contraindicated in infants less than 2 months old because they compete with bilirubin for binding to albumin |
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Definition
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Term
| The unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia results in deposition of bilirubin in brain tissue and causing kernicterus and permanent brain damage |
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Definition
| competition for plasma protein binding |
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Term
| inhibition of bilirubin transport; competition for plasma protein binding; inhibition of UDP glucuronyl transferase |
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Definition
| Drugs interfere with bilirubin handling |
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Term
| inhibits UDP glucuronyl transferase and prevents glucoronidation of bilirubin |
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Definition
| Novobiocin (Albamycin, withdrawn) |
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Term
| unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, especially in neonates, predisposes to kernicterus and permanent brain damage |
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Definition
| inhibition of UDP glucoronyl transferase |
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Term
| metabolized by three pathways: sulfration, glucuronidation, and CYPE2EI |
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Definition
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Term
| produce a similar hepatocellular, cytotoxic type of damage as acetaminophen |
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Definition
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Term
| condition in which the secretion and/or flow of bile is reduced. The bile accumulates in the body leading to jaundice and itching. |
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Definition
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Term
| typically interfere with the liver cell's secretion of bile without causing hepatitis or liver cell necrosis |
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Definition
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Term
| suspected of being a hypersensitivity response; not dose-related |
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Definition
| Phenothiazine-induced cholestasis |
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Term
| Phenothiazine-induced cholestasis |
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Definition
| common symptoms are jaundice, rash, fever, eosinophilia and blood dyscrasias |
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Term
| dose related; develops after initial sensitization; mild, reversible jaundice when the drug is discontinued |
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Definition
| Steroid-induced cholestasis |
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Term
| alcoholic fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatoepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
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Definition
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Term
| common response to ethanol; can lead to hepatitis and cirrhosis of liver |
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Definition
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Term
| progressive liver disease resulting from steatosis in non-alcoholics can ultimately lead to cirrhosis and liver failure |
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Definition
| non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) |
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Term
| possibly 20% of US population, partly due to obesity |
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Definition
| non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) |
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Term
| produces large amounts of NADH, which signals the cell to inhibit breakdown of fatty acids and increase synthesis of fatty acids |
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Definition
| Ethanol-induced steatosis |
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Term
| can cause dose-dependent steatosis after large IV doses; inhibition of protein synthesis, notably transporters of VLDL out of the hepatocyte |
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Definition
| Tetracycline-induced steatosis |
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Term
| inflammation of the liver, characterized by presence of inflammatory cells |
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Definition
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Term
| acute hepatitis can lead to |
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Definition
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Term
| chronic hepatitis can lead to |
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Definition
| permanent liver damage and cirrhosis |
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Term
| chronic liver disease in which damaged liver tissue is replaced by fibrosis, scar tissue, and regenerative nodules, leading to loss of hepatic function |
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Definition
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Term
| most common example of drug-induced cirrhosis |
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Definition
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Term
| can cause chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis |
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Definition
| methotrexate, amiodarone and methyldopa |
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Term
| a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the excess accumulation of phospholipids in tissues |
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Definition
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Term
| involves trapping or selective uptake of drugs into lysosomes and acidic vesicles of affected cells |
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Definition
| drug-induced phospholipidosis |
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Term
| Drug-induced phospholipidosis side effects |
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Definition
| QT prolongation, myopathy, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, or pulmonary dysfunction |
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Term
| potential to cause QT prolongation (can also cause phospholipidosis) |
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Definition
| erythromycin, amiodarone, imipramine, fluoxetine, haloperidol, chlorpromazine |
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Term
| cause phospolipidosis, myopathy and neurological damage |
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Definition
| chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, quinine |
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Term
| phosholipidosis of the renal proximal tubules and glomeruli can occur frequently during nephrotoxicity with these drugs |
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Definition
| aminoglycosides: gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin |
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Term
| majority of primary liver cancers arises from hepatocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| may be due to mutagenic or genotoxic effect of acetaldehyde or production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species |
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Definition
| ethanol-induced carcinoma |
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Term
| has been implicated as responsible for hepatocellular carcinomas and adenomas |
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Definition
| regular, long-term anabolic steroid use |
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Term
| connected with benign liver tumors |
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Definition
| oral contraceptive-induced carcinoma |
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Term
| macrolide antibiotics, natiarrhythmic drugs, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anti-malarials, and aminoglycosides all can contribute to this |
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Definition
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Term
| selective uptake of drugs into lysosomes and acidic vesicles of affected cells; followed by a gradual accumulation of drug-phospholipid complexes within the internal lysosomal membranes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that can cause QT longation (antibiotics, antiarrhythmics, antimalarials, aminoglycosides..) |
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Term
| 3rd most common cancer in the world and is almost invariably fatal within a year |
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Definition
| Hepatoccellular carcinoma |
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Term
| connected with benign liver tumors |
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Definition
| use of contraceptive steroids, particularly the estrogenic components |
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