Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Hepatotoxicity Dr. Quock
Exam 1
30
Pharmacology
Professional
02/09/2013

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Functions of the Liver
Definition
detox, metabolism, protein synthesis, glucogen storage, bile production, hormones, first pass metabolism
Term
reasons for Liver as target for toxicity
Definition
first pass metabolism and bioactivation
Term
risk factors for hepatotoxicity
Definition
alcoholism, diabetes, hepatitis, hepatic dysfuction
Term
bilirubin
Definition
toxic substance but is usually eliminated before causing toxicity unless there is compounding factor
Term
unconjugated bilirubin
Definition
attaches to albumin in the blood for transport into hepatocyte before becoming "conjugated" to glucuronic acid, conjugated moves out of hepatocyte and excreted as urobilinogen
Term
urobilinogen
Definition
conjugated bilirubin is broken down by intestinal flora and is excreted in stool, some by kidney
Term
Rifampin, sulfonamides, Novobiocin
Definition
drugs that interfere with bilirubin handling
Term
rifampin
Definition
increases conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin by blocking the transport in and out of the hepatocyte, may also increase glucuronyl transferase enzematic activity
Term
sulfonamide
Definition
increases just unconjugated bilirubin by competing for albumin binding causing kernicterus that deposit in brain and result in perminant damage (clonic seizures, jaundice)
Term
Novobiocin
Definition
increases just unconjgated bilirubin by inhibiting UDP glucuronyl transferase also causing kernicterus and brain damage...pulled from market
Term
Acetaminophen
Definition
Toxic metabolite produced in overdose amounts that forms covalent bonds with liver proteins causing necrosis and scarring
Term
Isoniazid and Iproniazid
Definition
similar hepatocellular damage as APAP
Term
cholestasis
Definition
interruption of secretion or flow of bile that results in jaundice and puritis, does not cause cell death just bile production
Term
Phenothiazines
Definition
Non-dose-related hypersensitivity resulting in jaundice lasting up to 1-4wks as well as rash, fever, esinophilia and blood discrasias
Term
anabolic steroids
Definition
dose-related hypersensitivity causing mild and reversible jaundice once drug is removed
Term
ethanol-induced steatosis
Definition
heavy drinkers overwhelm acetaldehyde dehydrogenase system shifting to MEOS where NADH accumulates and signals cells to halt fat breakdown and increase fat storage within liver
Term
tetracycline
Definition
induces steatosis by inhibiting protein synthesis, notably transporters of VLDL after large IV doses
Term
hepatitis
Definition
usually reversible, acute lasts less than 3 months and chronic lasts more than 3 months but both typically resolve
Term
acute hepatitis
Definition
may progress to acute liver failure
Term
chronic hepatitis
Definition
may progress to scarring and cirrhosis that is permanent
Term
cirrhosis
Definition
chronic liver disease (chlestasis, steatosis, hepatitis) causing liver tissue to be replaced by fibrous, scar tissue that is irreversible
Term
methotrexate, amiodarone, methyldopa
Definition
causes chronic liver disease and cirrhosis
Term
phospholipidosis
Definition
lyposomal storage disorder where there is excess accumulation of phospholipid in tissue
Term
drug-induced phospholipidosis
Definition
trapping or selective uptake of drug into lysosomes causing accumulation of drug-phospholipid complex within lysosomal membranes
Term
erythromycin, amiodarone, fluoxetine, imipramine, haloperidol, chlormeprazine
Definition
drugs that cause phospholipidosis and QT prolongation
Term
chloroquine, hydroxychloraquine, and quinine
Definition
drugs that cause phospholipidosis, myopathy and neurological damage
Term
gentamycin, tobramycin and amikacin; aminoglycosides
Definition
drugs that cause phospholipidosis and nephrotoxicity
Term
ethanol-induced carcoma
Definition
chronic drinkin and cirrhosis predisposes liver to cancer, increased acetaldehyde could be metagenic or genotoxic
Term
carcinoma of liver
Definition
third most common cancer and invariably fatal within one year
Term
oral contraceptives and liver carcinoma
Definition
estrogen compounds connected with benign liver tumors but unknown mechanism for that and liver carcinomas
Supporting users have an ad free experience!