Term
The earliest granulocytic maturational stage in which secondary or specific granules appear is:
A. myeloblast
B. monoblast
C. promyelocyte
D. myelocyte |
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Definition
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Term
The mature granulocytes seen in the peripheral blood of healthy persons include:
A. band form and segmented neutrophils
B. eosinophils and basophils
C. lymphocytes and monocytes
D. both A and B |
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Definition
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Term
The granulocte cells that are believed to descend from a common multipotential stem cell in the bone marrow are:
A. neutrophils and eosinophils
B. basophils and lymphocytes
C. lymphocytes and monocytes
D. Both A and B |
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Definition
| A. neutrophils and eosinophils |
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Term
The types of granulocytic leukocytes found in the proliferative compartment of the bone marrow are
A. myeloblasts, myelocytes, and metamyelocytes
B. myeloblasts, promyelocytes, and metamyelocytes
C. myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, and metamyelocytes
D. myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, and band neutrophils |
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Definition
| C. myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, and metamyelocytes |
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Term
The types of granulocytic leukocytes found in the maturation-storage compartment of the bone marrow are:
A. metamyelocytes, band form neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, mature eosinophils, and mature basophils
B. only band form neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, mature eosinophils, and mature basophils
C. metamyelocytes, band form neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, mature eosinophils, and mature basophils
D. segmented neutrophils, immature and mature monocytes, and mature lymphocytes |
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Definition
| A. metamyelocytes, band form neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, mature eosinophils, and mature basophils |
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Term
Release of neutrophils from the bone marrow is believed to be influenced by
A. CSF
B. interleukins
C. interferon
D. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The stages of neutrophilic granulocyte development are:
A. promyelocyte, myeloblast, myelocyte, metamyelocyte, and band and segmented neutrophils
B. myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte, and band and segmented neutrophils
C. myelocyte, myeloblast, promyelocyte, metamyelocyte, and band and segmented neutrophils
D. myeloblast, promyelocyte, matamyelocyte, myelocyte, and band and segmented neutrophils |
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Definition
| B. myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte, and band and segmented neutrophils |
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Term
Marginating granulocytes in the peripheral blood can be found:
A. in the circulating pool
B. in the tissues
C. adhearing to the vascular endothelium
D. all of the above |
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Definition
| C. adhering to the vascular endothelium |
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Term
The major function of neutrophilic granulocytes is:
A. antibody production
B. destruction of parasites
C. phagocytosis
D. suppression of inflammation |
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Definition
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Term
The half-life of circulating granulocytes in normal blood is estimated to be:
A. 2.5 to 5 hours
B. 7 to 10 hours
C. 24 hours
D. 2 days |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the cell with these characteristics: prominent primary granules that are rich in myeloperoxidase and chloroacetate esterase and has a diameter of 14 to 20 micrometers.
A. myeloblast
B. promyelocyte
C. myelocyte
D. promonocyte |
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Definition
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Term
The granules of segmented neutrophils contain:
A. lysosomal hydrolases
B. lysozymes
C. myeloperoxidase
D. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following are contents of basophilic granules?
A. Heparin
B. Histamine
C. Myeloperoxidase
D. Both A and B |
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Definition
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Term
The tissue basophil can be referred to as a/an:
A. mast cell
B. macrophage
C. mononuclear cell
D. antibody-producing cell |
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Definition
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Term
A leukocyte with the morphological characteristics of being the largest normal mature leukocyte in the peripheral blood and having a convoluted or twisted nucleus is the:
A. myelocyte
B. metamyelocyte
C. promonocyte
D. monocyte |
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Definition
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Term
The reference range of PMN neutrophil count in adults is:
A. 20-40%
B. 40-60%
C. 60-80%
D. 80-100% |
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Definition
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Term
The principal leukocyte type involved in phagocytosis is the:
A. monocyte
B. neutrophil
C. eosinophil
D. basophil |
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Definition
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Term
The mononuclear phagocyte system consists of reticular cells. These cells can be found in the:
A. connective tissue
B. spleen
C. lymph nodes
D. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The immediate precursor of the macrophage is the:
A. myeloblast
B. monoblast
C. promonocyte
D. monocyte |
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Definition
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Term
The correct sequence(s) of events in successful phagocytosis is (are):
A. chemotaxis, opsonization, phagosome formation, and the action of antibacterial substances
B. opsonization, chemotaxis, phagosome formation, and the action of antibacterial substances
C. engulfment, opsonization, digestion, and destruction of bacteria or particulate matter
D. both A and C |
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Definition
| A. chemotaxis, opsonization, phagosome formation, and the action of antibacterial substances |
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Term
The major function of eosinophils is:
A. suppression of inflammatory reactions
B. destruction of protozoa
C. participation in anaphylaxis
D. phagocytosis |
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Definition
| B. destruction of protozoa |
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Term
Monocytes are capable of:
A. phagocytosis
B. synthesis of biological important compounds
C. assuming a killer role
D. All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The hematology tests that are useful in the early diagnosis of acute inflammation are the:
A. total leukocyte count and total erythrocyte count
B. total leukocyte count and white blood cell differential count
C. ESR and absolute neutrophil cell count
D. Both B and C |
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Definition
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Term
The total leukocyte count can be increased in certain states. Select the conditions when this is not true:
A. Strenuous exercise
B. Overwhelming bacterial infection
C. Sepsis
D. Use of immunosuppressive agents |
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Definition
| D. use of immunosuppressive agents |
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Term
Acute inflammation is based on:
A. total leukocyte count >10.5 x 10(9th)/L
B. neutrophilic band count <2%
C. symptoms of long duration
D. an increase in lymphocytes |
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Definition
| A. total leukocyte count > 10.5 x 10(9th)/L |
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Term
On the basis of the following data, calculate the absolute value of the segmented neutrophils. Total leukocyte count = 12 x 10(9th)/L; percentage of segmented neutrophils on the differential count = 80%. The absolute segmented neutrophil value is:
A. 2.5x10(9th)/L
B. 4.5x10(9th)/L
C. 6.5x10(9th)/L
D. 9.6x10(9th)/L |
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Definition
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Term
An increase in metamyelocytes, myelocytes, and promyelocytes can be referred to as:
A. leukocytopenia
B. a shift to the right
C. a shift to the left
D. Pelger-Huet anomaly |
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Definition
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Term
What is the normal range of the segmented neutrophil absolute value?
A. 1.4 to 6x10(9th)/L
B. 2.5 to 6.5x10(9th)/L
C. 3.5 to 8x10(9th)/L
D.5.5 to 10x1n(9th)/L |
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Definition
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Term
The absolute value of segmented neutrophils can be an unreliable indicator of overwhelming infection because:
A. it drops in many patients b/c the circulating granulocytes are mobilized into the tissue site of infection
B. the bone marrow reserve becomes exhausted
C. the infection suppresses granulocytic production
D. All of the above |
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Definition
| A. it drops in many patients b/c the circulating granulocytes are mobilized into the tissue site of infection |
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Term
The CLSI-recommended method for the ESR is the:
A. Wintrobe method
B. Westergren method
C. Duke
D. Ivy |
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Definition
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Term
Leukocytosis can be caused by:
A. increased movement of immature cells out of the bone marrow's proliferative compartment
B. increased mobilization of granulocytes for the maturation-storage compartment
C. increased movement of granulocytes form the marginating pool to the circulating pool
D. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Neutrophilia can be related to a variety of conditions or disorders. Select the appropriate conditions:
A. Surgery
B. Burns
C. Stress
D. All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Charcot-Leyden crystals can be found in________ of patients w/ active eosinophilic inflammation:
A. sputum
B. tissues
C. stool
D. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Monocytosis can be observed in:
A. tuberculosis
B. fever of unknown origin
C. rheumatoid arthritis
D. All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Neutropenia can be observed in:
A. bone marrow injury
B. nutritional deficiency
C. increased destruction and utilization
D. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Match the following abnormalities w/ the appropriate characteristic:
A. Gigantic peroxidase-positive deposits
B. Precipitated mucopolysaccharides
C. Dohle body-like inclusions
D. Single or multiple pale- blue staining inclusions
_____Alder-Reilly inclusions
_____Chediak-Higashi syndrome
_____Dohle body inclusions
_____May-Hegglin anomaly |
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Definition
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Term
Match the following abnormalities with the appropriate characteristic:
A. Dark blue-black precipitates of RNA
B. Five or more nuclear segments
C. Failure of the nucleus to segment
D. Precipitated mucopolysaccharides
_____Pelger-Huet anomaly
_____Toxic granulation
_____Hypersegmentation |
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Definition
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Term
Match the following abnormalities w/ the appropriate conditions:
A. Associated w/ a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid
B. Associated w/ frequent infections in children or young adults
C. May be related to a maturational arrest in some acute infections
D. Associated w/ viral infections and burns
_____Chediak-Higashi syndrome
_____Dohle bodies
_____Pelger-Huet anomaly
_____Hypersegmentation |
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Definition
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Term
Select the appropriate cell type involved in the following disorders.
A. Neutrophilic series
B. Monocyttic-macrophage series
_____Gaucher disease
_____Niemann-Pick disease
_____Chediak-Higashi syndrome
_____Chronic granulomatous disease
_____Lazy leukocyte syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
In the United States, human diseases caused by Ehrlichia species can be caused by:
A. E. chaffeensis
B. E. ewingii
C. E. phagocytophilia (similar or identical to)
D. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Ehrlichiosis is transmitted by_____.
A. mosquitoes
B. ticks
C. rats
D. cats |
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Definition
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Term
Gaucher cells have:
A. wrinkled cytoplasm
B. one to three nuclei
C. a deficiency of B-glucocerebrosidase
D. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Match the following anatomical structures w/ the appropriate anatomical category. An answer can be used more than once.
A. Primary lymphoid tissue
B. Secondary lymphoid tissue
C. Not a lymphoid tissue
_____Lymph nodes
_____Liver
_____Spleen
_____Red bone marrow
_____Thymus
_____Peyer patches of the intestine |
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Definition
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Term
T cells are found in the:
A. perifollicular areas of the lymph nodes
B. paracortex regions of the lymph nodes
C. periarteriolar regions of the spleen
D. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
A major site of B-lymphocyte localization and proliferation is:
A. lymphoid follicles
B. deep cortical zone
C. paracortex
D. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The process of lymphocyte recirculation is important in:
A. antibody production
B. lymphocyte proliferation
C. dissemination of antigen-sensitized memory cells
D. commitment of lymphocytes to T and B cells |
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Definition
| C. dissemination of antigen-sensitized memory cells |
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Term
T lymphocytes constitute _____ % of the blood lymphocyte pool in adults.
A. 0-20
B. 20-40
C. 40-60
D. 60-80 |
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Definition
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Term
Lymphocytes represent approximately ____ % of the total circulating leukocytes in adults:
A. 15
B. 35
C. 55
D. 75 |
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Definition
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Term
The percentage of lymphocytes as compared w/ the other types of leukocytes in the peripheral blood ____ as humans age.
A. increases
B. decreases
C. remains the same |
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Definition
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Term
If a patient has a total leukocyte count of 20x10(9th)/L and 50% lymphocyte count on the differential count, the absolute lymphocyte value is ____x10(9th)/L.
A. 1
B. 5
C. 10
D. 15 |
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Definition
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Term
As a lymphocyte matures, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio_____
A. increases
B. decreases
C. remains the same |
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Definition
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Term
As a lymphocyte matures, the overall size_____
A. increases
B. decreases
C. remains the same |
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Definition
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Term
As a lymphocyte matures, the chromatin clumping_____
A. increases
B. decreases
C. remains the same |
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Definition
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Term
As a lymphocyte matures, the number of nucleoli_____
A. increases
B. decreases
C. remains the same |
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Definition
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Term
As a lymphocyte matures, the quantity of cytoplasm_____.
A. increases
B. decreases
C. remains the same |
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Definition
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Term
The most characteristic morphological features of variant lymphocytes include:
A. increased overall size, possibly one to three nucleoli, and abundant cytoplasm
B. increased overall size, round nucleus, and increased granulation in the cytoplasm
C. segmented nucleus, light-blue cytoplasm, and no nucleoli
D. enlarged nucleus, six to eight nucleoli, and dark-blue cytoplasm |
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Definition
| A. increased overall size, possibly one to three nucleoli, and abundant cytoplasm |
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Term
Match the following using an answer only once.
A. Niemann-Pick disease and Burkitt lymphoma
B. CLL
C. Leukosarcoma
D. Natural artifact
_____Rieder cells
_____Vacuolated lymphocytes
_____Crystalline inclusions
_____Smudge cells |
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Definition
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Term
T cells are:
A. lymphocytes
B. monocytes
C. helper or suppressor types
D. both A and C |
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Definition
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|
Term
B cells are:
A. lymphocytes
B. associated w/ antigen recognition
C. found in the thymus and bone marrow
D. all of the above |
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Definition
|
|
Term
NK cells are classified as:
A. macrophages
B. monocytes
C. effector lymphocytes
D. K-type lymphocytes |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is (are) true of T cells:
A. responsible for humoral responses
B. responsible for cellular immune responses
C. responsible for chronic rejection in organ transplantation
D. both B and C |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is (are) true of B cells:
A. responsible for antibody responses
B. protect against intracellular pathogens
C. responsible for chronic rejection in transplantation
D. both A and B |
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Definition
| A. responsible for antibody responses |
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Term
An abnormal plasma cell w/ red-staining cytoplasm is a:
A. Russell body
B. Mott cell
C. grape cell
D. flame cell |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Lymphocytopenia means a:
A. total increase in leukocytes
B. total increase in lymphocytes
C. total increase in the absolute value or percentage of lymphocytes
D. total decrease in lymphocytes |
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Definition
| D. total decrease in lymphocytes |
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Term
The helper subset of T lymphocytes is_____ in AIDS.
A. increased
B. decreased
C. not altered |
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Definition
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Term
Match the following disorders w/ either A or B
A. Lymphocytosis
B. Lymphocytopenia
_____Radiation exposure
_____Infectious mononucleosis
_____Cytotoxic drugs
_____Whooping cough
_____Immune deficiency disorders
_____Toxoplasmosis |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following characterized infectious mononucleosis:
A. Etiology: EBV
B. A T-cell disorder
C. A greater incidence in Africa
D. Nonheterophil antibodies |
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Definition
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Term
The laboratory findings in infectious mononucleosis are generally characterized by:
A. an increase in variant lymphocytes
B. a heterophil titer less than 1:56
C. no agglutination of the patient's serum w/ horse erythrocytes
D. all of the above |
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Definition
| A. an increase in variant lymphocytes |
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Term
Which of the following characterized infectious lymphocytosis:
A. an adult disorder
B. Leukocytopenia in the early stages
C. Lymphocyte differential counts over 95%
D. Lymphoblasts on the peripheral blood smear |
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Definition
| C. Lymphocyte differential counts over 95% |
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|
Term
Which of the following are characteristics of CMV infection?
A. Etiology: a herpes family virus
B. Lymphocytopenia
C. A positive heterophil test result
D. Both A and B |
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Definition
| A. Etiology: a herpes family virus |
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Term
Aids is caused by:
A. a herpes family virus
B. CMV
C. HIV-1
D. EBV |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following generally characterize(s) toxoplasmosis:
A. symptoms may resemble infectious mononucleosis
B. occurrence in pregnant women who own cats
C. Etiology: parasitic
D. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Which antibody test has replaced the LE cell preparation in the diagnosis of SLE:
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. ANA test
C. Complement fixation test
D. Antibody Smith test |
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Definition
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