Term
| two diseases that can result from an imbalance of hemostasis |
|
Definition
| excessive clotting (thrombosis), excessive bleeding (bleeding) |
|
|
Term
| Four subsystems of hemostasis |
|
Definition
| Platelets, clotting proteins (coagulation), fibrinolytic system, vascular system |
|
|
Term
| the system responsible for the first plug formed when a vessel is injured |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The system that forms fibrin, a fibrous protein that deposits on and in the platelet plug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the system that breaks up the fibrin strands and allows for clot breakdown |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry the blood to the tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a small cytoplasmic fragment of a megakaryocyte |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do platelets have a membrane? organelles? a nucleus? |
|
Definition
| platelets have a membrane and organelles but no nucleus |
|
|
Term
| platelet function of sticking to other surfaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| platelet function of sticking to each other |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adhesion, aggregation, interaction with clotting proteins, secretion |
|
|
Term
| physiologic agonists include... |
|
Definition
| collagen, ADP, epinephrine, serotonin, thrombin, arachidonic acid |
|
|
Term
| another word for platelet aggregating agents, or substances released by the platelets to call other platelets to the site of injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is it called when platelets stick to exposed collagen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the platelet surface receptor that binds to collagen, and what is the intermediary molecule? |
|
Definition
| the surface receptor is Glycoprotein Ib, and the intermediary molecule is von Willebrand factor |
|
|
Term
| a very large plasma protein that is essential to adhesion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| three functions of platelet adhesion |
|
Definition
| physically plugs the leak, activation of the platelet, secretion |
|
|
Term
| when platelets bind fibrinogen at the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex, what are they doing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| major steps in platelet function |
|
Definition
| adhesion, aggregation, secretion, interaction with clotting proteins |
|
|
Term
| how does aspirin help prevent heart attack? |
|
Definition
| it destroys cyclooxegenase, wich is an enzyme necessary in the transport of arachidonic acid. |
|
|
Term
| where is arachidonic acid converted to prostacyclin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of prostacyclin? |
|
Definition
| it inhibits clotting where endothelial cells are present |
|
|
Term
| where is arachidonic acid converted to Thromboxane A2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a fibrous protein that laces the platelet plug together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| common name for plasma proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fibrinogen, prothrombin, tissue thromboplastin, prekallekrien, and hmwk are all...? |
|
Definition
| plasma proteins, commonly called factors |
|
|
Term
| what activates the intrinsic pathway? |
|
Definition
| foreign surface contact, with collagen, glass or other negatively charged surface |
|
|
Term
| what activates the extrinsic pathway? |
|
Definition
| tissue thromboplastin, which is released when tissue is damaged |
|
|
Term
| what is the final product of the common pathway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Factors included in the prothrombin group? |
|
Definition
| factor II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X |
|
|
Term
| what group of factors includes serine proteases which are cleaved by other factors to expose the active serine center? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which group of factors are Vitamin K dependent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The factors in the prothrombin group are not consumed in clotting, except for which factor? |
|
Definition
| Factor II, a.k.a. prothrombin |
|
|
Term
| What does PIVKA stand for, and what group of factors is it associated with? |
|
Definition
| Proteins in Vitamin K Absence, Prothrombin group |
|
|
Term
| Factors included in the Fibrinogen group? |
|
Definition
| Factor I (fibrinogen), V, VII, and XIII |
|
|
Term
| Which factors work with other factors, and are often called cofactors? |
|
Definition
| Factors V and VIII, Tissue factor (factor III) and HMWK |
|
|
Term
| Which factor is an enzyme called a transamidase which links fibrin molecules with covalent bonds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which group of factors are consumed in the clotting process and are not found in serum, and are acute phase reactants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| factors included in the Contact group? |
|
Definition
| Factors XII, XI, PK and HMWK |
|
|
Term
| what is the only factor in the contact group that causes a bleeding disorder if deficient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the first factor in the intrinsic pathway to cause a bleeding problem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which factors are serine proteases? |
|
Definition
| IIa, VIIa, IXa, Xa, XIa and XIIa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antithrombin III, Protein C and S, and Oral anticoagulants |
|
|
Term
| What factors are inhibited by antithrombin III? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is considered to be the most significant inhibitor of the clotting cascade? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is antithrombin III activated in vivo/ in vitro? |
|
Definition
-activated by heparan sulfate on endothelial cell surface;
-activated by the use of heparin to anticoagulate blood samples for lab testing |
|
|
Term
| what is the mechanism by which heparin is used to anticoagulate patients for therapy or dialysis and open heart surgery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is protein C activated? |
|
Definition
| With its cofactor, Protein S, Protein C is activated on the cell surface by thrombin |
|
|
Term
| function of activated Protein C? |
|
Definition
| destroys factors V and VIII |
|
|
Term
| how do oral anticoagulants work? |
|
Definition
| by inhibiting the action of Vitamin K, resulting in deficiency of factors II, VII, IX and X (prothrombin group) |
|
|
Term
| Is Protein C affected by warfarin? |
|
Definition
| Yes, because it's vitamin K dependent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| destroys fibrin strands and facilitates clot breakdown |
|
|
Term
| where is plasminogen synthesized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is plasminogen activated intrinsically and extrinsically? |
|
Definition
| intrinsically by factor XIIa; extrinsically by Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA) |
|
|
Term
| What is the premier "clot busting" drug? |
|
Definition
| TPA- Tissue Plasminogen Activator |
|
|
Term
| clot busting drugs, also known as pharmacological activators, include... |
|
Definition
| TPA, streptokinase, urokinase |
|
|
Term
| Presence of D-dimers indicates what? |
|
Definition
| that a clot has been dissolved |
|
|
Term
| What test result can rule out the possibility of a heart attack? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the name for digestion products after plasmin digests fibrin strands? |
|
Definition
| fibrin degradation products (fdp) |
|
|
Term
| what hemostasis system produces and releases von Willebrand's factor? |
|
Definition
|
|
