Term
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Definition
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Term
| bright red blood coming from the rectum |
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Definition
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Term
| The cessation of bleeding by mechanical or chemical means that arrest blood flow |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| adequate blood flow through organs containing all essential elements for metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| inadequate perfusion of vital organs |
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Term
| The most common types of shock |
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Definition
| hypovolemic, hypoglycemic, cardiogenic |
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Term
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Definition
| heart rate x stroke volume |
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Term
| What is the entire vascular system lined with what type of cells |
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Definition
| low friction endothelial cells |
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Term
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Definition
| the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure |
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Term
| Where is pulse pressure the greatest |
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Definition
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Term
| where is pulse pressure the weakest |
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Definition
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Term
| This reflects the tone of the arterial system |
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Definition
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Term
| another term for afterload |
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Definition
| peripheral vascular resistance |
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Term
| After load is a measurement of what factors |
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Definition
| friction between the vessel walls and the viscosity |
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Term
| What factors influence resistance |
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Definition
| fluid viscosity, vessel length, and vessel diameter |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal narrowing i.e atherosclerosis |
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Term
| Vasoconstriction or vasodilation of these vessels primarily regulates arterial blood pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| What vessels hold a majority of blood at any one time |
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Definition
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Term
| preload is primary affected by what |
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Definition
| a change in vessel diameter |
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Term
| what is relative hypovolemia |
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Definition
| illness or injury that causes vasodilation and the body no longer produces adquate preload i.e allergic reaction |
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Term
| What is leaky capillary syndrome |
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Definition
| the capillary lining permit protein containing fluid to leak into the interstitial space |
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Term
| What is the first stage of shock |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the rouleaux formation |
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Definition
| it is the clumping of red blood cells |
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Term
| what stage of shock is resistant to treatment and is known as refractory shock |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypotension happens at what stage |
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Definition
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Term
| What three organs typically are the first to fail |
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Definition
| liver, then kidneys and heart |
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Term
| When does failure of the liver and kidneys happpen- early or late |
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Definition
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Term
| When trying to manage any type of shock, it should be assumed that it is this type of shock |
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Definition
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Term
| Crackles in the lungs indicates what type of shock |
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Definition
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Term
| obstructive shock is caused by |
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Definition
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Term
| this part of the nervous system loses Control of vasomotor tone is lost in neurogenic shock |
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Definition
| sympathetic- this results in a drop of after load/bp |
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Term
| What are the most common causes for anaphylatic shock |
|
Definition
| antibiotic agents, venoms and insect stings |
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|
Term
| how does the body maintain bp and CO in compensated shock |
|
Definition
| by an increase in catecholamine production |
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Term
| When does compensated shock become uncompensated shock |
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Definition
| when it can no longer maintain systemic blood pressure |
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Term
| why does systolic drop before the diastolic pressure in shock |
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Definition
| because systolic depends on relative blood volume |
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|
Term
| What is a cardiodepressant substance |
|
Definition
| an ischemic pancreas (from lack of blood flow) can release toxins depressing the HR |
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Term
| Irreversible shock may be delayed _____ amount of time after initial onset of shock |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is frank hypotension |
|
Definition
| decreased preload = decreased bp because of weak contraction |
|
|
Term
| what stage of shock would you see frank hypotension |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How do children react generally to shock |
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Definition
| they compensate longer and deteriorate faster |
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Term
| When is skin color condition and temp unreliable in shock patients |
|
Definition
| patients who have sepsis and neurological shock |
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|
Term
| What is generally the first areas on the body to displays shock |
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Definition
| distal extremities- fingers and toes |
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|
Term
| when does diastolic pressure drop |
|
Definition
| when the heart can no longer pump to keep the container full |
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|
Term
| when does systolic pressure drop |
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Definition
| when the heart can no longer pump to keep the container full at the end of contraction |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| How long can capillary occlusion exist before it become irreversible |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common failed organs in MODS |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In the early stage of MODS, what generally happens |
|
Definition
| the liver and kidneys fail |
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Term
|
Definition
| is an inflammation (irritation) of the peritoneum, the thin tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs |
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|
Term
| When should a paramedic not treat shock with a fluid bolus |
|
Definition
| when there are crackles in the lungs |
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|
Term
| Obstructive shock is also known as |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are forms of obstructive shock |
|
Definition
| cardiac tamponade, tension pneumo, or PE |
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|
Term
| What are forms of Neurogenic shock |
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Definition
| spinal cord, distributive, or vasogenic shock |
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Term
| Normal vasomotor tone is controlled by this part of the nervous system |
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Definition
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Term
| In this stage of shock the patient will have a brady rhythm with possible dysrhythmias |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In this stage of shock the patient will have frank hypotension |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In this stage of shock the patient will have decreased systolic and diastolic pressure |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What percentage of volume depletion will the patient develop tachycardia |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The strength of the pulse provides an estimate of what information |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Jugular vein distention can be caused by |
|
Definition
| cardiac tamponade or tension pneumo |
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|
Term
| What is a postive finding when doing orthostatic vitals |
|
Definition
| after one minute a fall of systolic bp with a rise in pulse- BP fall of 10-15 with a pulse rise of 10-15 |
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|
Term
| What is a complication of the PASG |
|
Definition
| inflated pants left on a patient of 1-2 hours will lead to decreased tissue perfusion |
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|
Term
| When using crystalloids to expand blood, what is the replacement ratio |
|
Definition
| 1:3, 1 liter of blood lost requires 3 liters of fluid |
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|
Term
| What is the fluid of choice for resuscitating patients in shock |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What electrolytes are in a lactated ringer |
|
Definition
| sodium chloride, potassium, calcium and lactate |
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|
Term
| What is the purpose of lactate in the lactated ringer |
|
Definition
| it can act as a buffer to neutralize acidity when metabolized by the liver |
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|
Term
| How many mEQ/L of sodium are in normal saline |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are glucose based solutions not used in volume expansion to treat shock |
|
Definition
| because glucose based fluids rapidly leave the vascular space |
|
|
Term
| What type of solution does whole blood and packed blood sit in to prevent clotting? |
|
Definition
| A citrate (Salt) solution |
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|
Term
| How long can blood product sit in a refrigerator |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the general time frame for most transfusion reactions to happen if there are any |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the advantage of packed blood over whole blood |
|
Definition
| hemoglobin per unit is almost twice that of whole blood |
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|
Term
| Can plasma be given without ABO compatibility |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is blood plasma most commonly used to treat |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What chemical is part of the clotting cascade? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Crackles in the lungs indicates what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug is the treatment of choice for anaphylactic reactions |
|
Definition
| SubQ administration of epi |
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|
Term
| What group of patients are at higher risk for septic shock |
|
Definition
| immunocompromised patients |
|
|
Term
| What is a normal adult blood volume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adequate tissue oxygenation is dependent of what three things |
|
Definition
| heart, lungs and vasculature |
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