Term
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Definition
Any condition in which the number of red blood cells, amount of hemoglobin, and the volume of packed red blood cells are less than normal.
Anemia is present in adults if the hematocrit is less than 41% (hemoglobin < 13.5 g/dl) in males or 37% (hemoglobin <12 g/dl) in females. Congenital anemia is suggested by the patients personal and family history.
Anemia is frequently manifested by pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, shortness of breath, palpitations of the heart, soft systolic murmurs, lethargy, and fatigability |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| variation in RBC shape shape (eg. elliptocytes, spherocytes, dacryocytes, sickle cells, schistocytes, echinocytes, acanthocytes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Fragmented RBCs that appear in a variety of shapes. They appear in the blood of patient with hemolytic anemias |
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Term
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Definition
| A RBC that consists of a peripheral ring and central disc of Hb. (Target cells are associated with thalassemias and chronic liver disease. |
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Term
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Definition
(Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration): estimates the average concentration of Hb in
the average RBC.
Calculated by dividing Hb level by Hct level. Reference values are 32-36%
manual method or 31-37% by Coulter Counter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mean Corpuscular Volume. Represents avg RBC size. 80-94 for males and 81-99 for females |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Decreased production of RBCs
Iron deficiency
Folic acid deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency / Pernicious anemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Aplastic anemia |
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Term
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Definition
Increased destruction
Hemolytic anemia |
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Term
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Definition
Fe deficiency
Thalassemia
anemia of chronic dz |
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Term
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Definition
Vit B12 deficiency
folate deficiency
chronic liver dz
alcoholism |
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Term
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Definition
chronic renal failure
aplastic anemia |
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Term
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Definition
s/sx: fatiguability, tachycardia, palpitations, SOB, brittle nails, dysphagia, pica.
Labs: HCT >30. MCV nml or low. Low transferrin sat. Nml or high ferritin.
Tx: none besides dz tx |
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Term
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Definition
Most common cause is GI bleed; dietary in infants. S/sx: fatigued, tachycardia, palpitations, SOB.
Tx: ferrous sulfate until hgb nml. |
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Term
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Definition
cause: dietary, absorptive dz (sprue)
S/sx: anemia.
Tx: folic acid 1mg/dy PO |
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Term
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Definition
Dietary (vegans), decreased production of IF, H. pylori (competes fro B12 in gut), pancreatic insufficiency, decreased absorption, gastrectomy, Chrohns.
S/sx: anemia w/ peripheral neuropathy
Tx: B12 pareterally |
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Term
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Definition
a condition of bone marrow failure- congenital, idiopathic, SLE, drugs, toxins.
S/Sx: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia.
Tx: transfusions, bone marrow transplant, immunosupression |
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Term
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Acute myelogenous leukemia |
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Definition
ALL: 80% of childhood leukemia
AML: primarily adult
For both: ill for only a few days/weeks- fatigue, malaise, bleeding (skin, mucosal, epistaxis, menorrhagia), infections (cellulitis, pneumonia, periectal), HA, confusion and dyspnea, bone tenderness. |
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Term
| Chronic lymphocytic lymphoma |
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Definition
| Adults. Most asymptomatic. Fatigue, lymphadenopathy, heptatosplenomegaly |
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Term
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Definition
| Varies from indolent to rapidly progressive. Painless lymphadenopathy in retroperitoneal, mesentary, pelvis; fever, nightsweats, weightloss. |
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Term
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Definition
| Painless lymphadenopathy (neck), fever, nightsweats, weight loss (or gain), pruritis, pain in nodes after EtOH. |
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