Term
| Single-Tandem Repeats (STRs) |
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Definition
| variable lengths of repeats, diversed/polymorphic due to mistakes in DNA polymerase, MSI when tumors have different repeat lengths than normal, PCR used to identify microsatellite instability |
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Term
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Definition
| 1/5 markers tested positive for STRs |
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Term
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Definition
| 2+/5 markers tested positive for STRs |
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Term
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Definition
| IHC antibodies against mutated proteins, loss of staining indicates mutation, MLH1/MSH2 in Lynch Syndrome, test family members if positive |
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Term
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Definition
| liquid-phase hybridization with high and low-risk probes |
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Term
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Definition
| autopsy, surgical pathology, cytopathology |
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Term
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Definition
| hematology, microbiology, immunology, flow cytometry, chemistry |
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Term
| Receiver operating curve (ROC) |
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Definition
| plot of TPR versus FPR with a particular cutoff, good if above normal (50:50), 0.5-0.7 low use, 0.7-0.9 useful, >0.9 great test |
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Term
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Definition
| totality of lab procedures to assure an accurate result |
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Term
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Definition
| includes control of pre/post-test problems |
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Term
| Total/continuous quality improvement (QI) |
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Definition
| prevents problems and assures patient safety |
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Term
| Pluripotent Stromal Cells |
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Definition
| become ECs/adipocytes/osteoblasts/chondroblasts |
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Term
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Definition
| smear films of developing cells, quantitative/qualitative analysis of myeloid/erythroid/megakaryocytes, morphological assessment of disease state |
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Term
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Definition
| cores of bone and marrow, must be de-calcified, demonstrate architecture of cellularity, method of choice for metastatic tumors/infectious granulomas/fibrosis, evaluation of bone metabolism for hyperparathyroidism |
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Term
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Definition
| supravital stain for residual RNA, indicates erythropoiesis, percentage or absolute number, usually only 1% of peripheral erythrocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| %cell mass of blood/total volume of whole blood |
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Term
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) |
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Definition
| content of hemoglobin in an average cell |
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Term
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Definition
| coefficient of variation for RBC distribution, measures anisocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| varying sizes of RBCs, RDW>reference range |
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Term
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Definition
| MCV<80fL, iron deficiency/anemia of chronic disease/thalassemia/sideroblastic anemia |
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Term
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Definition
| MCV>100fL, B12/folate deficiency/thyroid disorders/neonates/reticulocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| perfectly round with no central pallor, hereditary spherocytosis/autoimmune hemolysis/severe burns |
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Term
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Definition
| more narrow/round ends, hereditary elliptocytosis/megaloblastic anemia/severe iron deficiency/thalassemia/congenital dyserythropoietic anemia/sickle-cell anemia |
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Term
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Definition
| bullseye appearance with increased surface membrane, hemoglobinopathy/thalassemia/liver disease/iron deficiency/post-splenectomy |
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Term
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Definition
| pieces of RBCs with no central pallor, microangiopathic hemolysis/thrombolytic thrombocytopenia purpura/DIC/malignant HTN/eclampsia/sepsis/prosthetic heart valves |
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Term
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Definition
| blunt or round tapered edge, leukoerythroblastosis/myelofibrosis/megaloblastic anemia/thalassemia |
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Term
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Definition
| RBCs with a slit central pallor, hereditary stomatocytosis/Rh-null disease/alcoholism/liver disease |
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Term
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Definition
| acanthocytes if uneven spurs/spikes/horns, echinocytes if even burrs/blunt, liver diesease/renal disease/hemolysis/Abetalipoproteinemia |
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Term
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Definition
| two pointed ends with dense eosinophilia, sickle cell disease/S-Beta thalassemia |
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Term
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Definition
| hyperproteinemic neutralizes RBC membrane charge, stacks of coins, multiple myeloma/monoclonal gammopathy/hypergammaglobulinemia/chronic infection/inflammation (acute phase proteins)/lymphoproliferative disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| artifactual low RBC count and high MCV, due to cold agglutination, cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia/paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria/cold agglutin syndrome/lymphoma-associated IgM/plasma cell dyscriasis-associated IgM |
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Term
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Definition
| reticulocytes (RNA), basophilic stippling (RNA), siderotic granules (Fe), heinz bodies (denatured globin) |
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Term
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Definition
| reticulocytes (RNA), basophilic stippling (RNA), siderotic granules (Fe), Howell-Jolly body (DNA) |
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Term
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Definition
| single purple RNA inclusion, splenectomy/splenic atrophy/hemolytic anemia/megaloblastic anemia/dyserythropoiesis |
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Term
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Definition
| indicates a-thalassemia, splenectomy, G6PD deficiency |
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Term
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Definition
| indicates a-thalassemia (unstable Beta-4 hemogloblin) |
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Term
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Definition
| granules distributed around RBC, blood loss/lead poisoning/megaloblastic anemia/thalassemia/refractory anemia/myelodysplasia/congenital dyserythropoietic anemia/pyrmidine-5' nucleotidase deficiency |
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Term
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Definition
| 1-2 small granules of Fe at periphery of cell, splenectomy/sideroblastic anemia/megaloblastic anemia/thalassemia/hemolytic anemia/congenital dyserythropoietic anemia |
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Term
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Definition
| H+ weakens O2 binding, CO2 lowers O2 binding (O2 released in oxygen-starved tissues) |
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Term
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Definition
| conjugated to glucuronyl, indicates liver function |
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Term
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Definition
| unconjugated to glucuronyl, indicates level of un-processed heme from hemolysis |
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Term
| Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) |
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Definition
| measure of iron in transferrin, increased binding capacity indicates less iron available |
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Term
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Definition
| doubling time of cancer cells is constant, cells killed in therapy is constant, assume homogeneity of cancer cells/no growth restrictions, based on in vitro experiments, works well for leukemia/lymphoma/metastasis (increased O2), long recovery periods can lead to re-growing tumors |
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Term
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Definition
| tumors of proliferating/non-proliferating cells, sub-optimal growing conditions, small tumors grow linearly (skipper phase), large tumors grow non-linearly, best chance for cure is to treat tumor early, frequency of treatment > dose of treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| based on body surface area (BSA), administer at maximum tolerated dose, 1-3 weeks rest to recover normal tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulates in B12 and folate deficiency |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulates in B12 deficiency |
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Term
| Hemoglobin electrophoresis |
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Definition
| hemoglobins have different band properties, test alkali & acidic migration |
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Term
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Definition
| peaks corresponding to Hgb types, gives percentages of different Hgb |
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Term
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Definition
| recipient's cells treated with anti-A/B antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| recipient's plasma (antibodies) added to known A/B cells |
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Term
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Definition
| detection of antibodies/complement on patient's RBCs, positive for autoimmune disease/medications/hemolytic disease of fetus/transfusion reactions |
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Term
| Indirect Coombs Test (IAT) |
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Definition
| patient's serum added to a sample of transfusion cells to look for reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| patient may need blood, flexible for blood bank |
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Term
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Definition
| patient will need blood, designated unites for that patient |
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Term
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Definition
| application of indirect Coombs, antibodies for HDFN&HTR, reactive at 37C |
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Term
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Definition
| active at 37C, opsonization of RBCs/phagocytosis in spleen, positive DAT for Ig, systemic disease/lymphoproliferative disorders/drugs, treat with splenectomy/immunosuppressants |
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Term
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Definition
| active <30C, cell is coated with C3b/phagocytosis by MPS, positive DAT for complement, recovery from mycoplasma/EBV, lymphoid neoplasms/idiopathic |
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Term
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Definition
| hypoproliferative/hemolysis/bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
| did not respond to Fe/folate/B12 |
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Term
| Tests for microcytic anemia |
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Definition
| iron studies, c-reactive protein |
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Term
| Tests for macrocytic anemia |
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Definition
| B12/folate, LDH/haptoglobin, Coombs |
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Term
| Tests for normocytic anemia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lysozyme/collagenase/myeloperoxidase/elastase/cathepsins/neutral proteases |
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Term
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Definition
| lysozyme/collagenase/lactoferrin/B12-binding protein/phophatases |
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Term
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Definition
| promeyeolcytic granules in segmented PMNs |
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Term
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Definition
| RER inclusions in periphery of cytoplasm, light blue stain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| large azurophilic granules, affects PMNs/lymphocytes/monocytes, lysosomal accumulations, associated with mucopolysaccharidosis |
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Term
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Definition
| autosomal dominant, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, giant platelets, dohle bodies, all leukocytes affected, RNA ultrastructure altered, mild bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
| giant fused granules, usually in albinos, autosomal recessive, usualy granulocytes but rarely affects lymphocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| bilobed PMNs (heterozygotes) or non-sgmented PMNs (homozygotes), acquired form due to myelodysplasia, asymptomatic left shift |
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Term
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Definition
| for paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria |
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Term
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Definition
| for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (obsolete, replaced by flow cytometry) |
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