Term
| This drug may cause immune destruction of platelets |
|
Definition
| Unfractionated Heparin can cause HIT (Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia) |
|
|
Term
| This anti-coagulant has a very negative charge |
|
Definition
| Heparin has a very negative charge |
|
|
Term
| What test do you use to measure the effectiveness of Heparin? |
|
Definition
| Measure unfractionated Heparin activity with the aPTT test |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Heparin? |
|
Definition
| Heparin accelerates the activity of anti-thrombin (a serine protease), which blocks the intrinsic pathway |
|
|
Term
| How would you treat a Heparin overdose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Warfarin? |
|
Definition
| Warfarin is a Vitamin K antagonist that prevents activation of factors II, VII, IX and X (as well as protein C and S). It blocks carboxylation of glutamate residues, specifically be blocking the enzyme Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase (VKOR) |
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|
Term
| What do you use the INR to measure? |
|
Definition
| Use INR (a normalized version of the PT test) to measure Warfarin activity |
|
|
Term
| Can pregnant patients receive Warfarin? |
|
Definition
| No, warfarin crosses the placenta and is teratogenic |
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|
Term
| What fibrinolytic drug must be given within 3 hours of thromboembolism? |
|
Definition
| t-PA (tissue plasminogen activator) is a serine protease. Contraindicated in people with hypertension, recent GI bleeding or CVA. |
|
|
Term
| What is the anti-platelet mechanism of ASA? |
|
Definition
| ASA inhibits thromboxane formation by irreversibly acetylating COX. It is better at blocking arterial thrombus than venous thrombus. |
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|
Term
| This drug specifically blocks the activity of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase |
|
Definition
| Imatinib (Gleevac) blocks the TK enzyme produced by the Philadelphia Chromosome, seen in CML. |
|
|
Term
| What is side effect of Bleomycin? |
|
Definition
| Bleomycin can cause pulmonary fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| What is a side effect of Busulfan? |
|
Definition
| Busulfan can cause pulmonary fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| What is a side effect of Doxorubicin? |
|
Definition
| Doxorubicin can cause cardiac toxicity. Increased skin pigmentation also seen. |
|
|
Term
| What is a side effect of cisplatin? |
|
Definition
| Cisplatin is nephrotoxic and can cause peripheral neuropathy |
|
|
Term
| What is a side effect of cyclophosphamide? |
|
Definition
| Cyclophosphamide can cause hemorrhagic cystitis - must take with lots of water to dilute these effects |
|
|
Term
| What is a side effect of Vincristine? |
|
Definition
| Vincristine can cause neurotoxicity, and possibly an aplastic crisis |
|
|
Term
| What is a side effect of cytarabine? |
|
Definition
| Cytarabine can cause cerebral damage |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of the alkylating agents? (Ex. cyclophosphamide, busulfan or the nitrogen mustards?) |
|
Definition
| Alkylating agents bind guanine and cross link DNA. They often have chloroethyl functional groups. |
|
|
Term
| Name four alkylating agents. |
|
Definition
| 4 alkylating agents are: cyclophosphamide, busulfan, nitrogen mustards and chlorambusil. |
|
|
Term
| How is carboplatin unique? |
|
Definition
| Carboplatin is unique in that dosing is based on the glomerular filtration rate. It works by forming reactive groups with DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 4 anti-metabolite drugs are: methotrexate (blocks DHFR), 6-mercaptopurine (metabolized by xanthine oxidase), florouracil, and cytarabine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tamoxifen binds to, and inactivates, estrogen receptors. Maximum use is 5 years. 50% reduction in breast cancer, but increase in uterine cancer. |
|
|
Term
| What are anti-androgen drugs used for? |
|
Definition
| Anti-androgens are used for prostate cancer |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of thalidomide? |
|
Definition
| Thalidomide blocks angiogenesis |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Bortezomib? |
|
Definition
| Bortezomib is a protease inhibitor and is used for Multiple Myeloma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the anti-cancer Abx Doxorubycin wokr? |
|
Definition
| Doxorubycin intercalates DNA and stops RNA synthesis. Active in G2/M phase |
|
|
Term
| How does Vincristine function? |
|
Definition
| Vincristine stops cellular division by blocking microtubules |
|
|
Term
| How does Paclitaxel function? |
|
Definition
| Paclitaxel works by blocking cell division by inhibiting microtubule synthesis. Works in G2/M phase |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary target of LMWH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nitrogen mustard that alkylates DNA. Targets proliferating cells. Can cause immunosuppresion |
|
|
Term
| What alkylating agent can penetrate the blood-brain barrier? |
|
Definition
| Nitrosureas pass the BBB. May cause pulmonary fibrosis and renal toxicity |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of carboplatin? |
|
Definition
| Unlike cisplatin, carboplatin does not have the serious side effects of renal toxicity and neurotoxicity, but does cause myelosuppresion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Melphalan is an alkylating agent used for multiple myeloma |
|
|
Term
| What is the principle use of 6-mercaptopurine? |
|
Definition
| 6-mercaptopurine is used to maintain remission in ALL |
|
|
Term
| Leucovorin (folinic acid) |
|
Definition
| Replenishes folate- given with 5FU or Methotrexate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anti-steroid, used for metastatic breast cancer. Blocks aromatase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Steroidal aromatase inhibitor, used for hormone responsive breast cancers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aromatase inhibitor, used for breast cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, for breast cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anti-androgen, for prostate cancer. Competes with DHT for androgen receptor binding sites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chimerical Monoclonal Ab, binds B-cell CD20. Initiates ADCC. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a.k.a Herceptin - binds HER2/Neu. Human monoclonal Ab. Side effect = congestive heart failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Selective inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase, EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Destroys asparagine in the blood, depriving tumor cells of this amino acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Employed to induce remission in patients with ALL and in treatment of both HL and NHL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Helps prevent nausea and vomitting from cancer chemotherapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used to be used for estrogen receptor + breast and ovarian cancers (aromatase inhibitors are more frequent now) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor, for use in imatinib resistnat CML |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mAb used in colorectal cancer, targets VEGF, limits angiogenesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Palliative use in multiple myeloma to prevent bone degradation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Avoid in cancer pain, short duration and addictive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Avoid in cancer pain. Mu antagonist, K agonist (psychomimetic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Avoid in cancer pain. Used to treat opioid dependence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Avoid in cancer pain- for emergency opioid overdose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Avoid in cancer pain- used to prevent relapse in chronice opioid addicts or alcoholics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Avoid in treatment of cancer pain (opioid antagonist) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Avoid in use of cancer pain, partial mu antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Causes analgesia, miosis, respiratory depression, sedition, anti-tussis. Also causes constipation, urinary retention, pruritis, hypotension. Good for breathing distress. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Slightly more potent than MS. Slow and mild withdrawal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 100x more potent than morphine. Can give transdermal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1/10 the strength of morphine. Anti-tussive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| For cancer pain. Strongest of the anti-tussive drugs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NSAID, for mild to moderate pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NSAID that inhibits the production of prostaglandin |
|
|
Term
| Ketorolac tromethamine (toradol) |
|
Definition
| NSAID, blocks COX. For moderate to severe pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anti-convulsant. Good for trigeminal neuralgia. May cause aplastic anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anti-convulsant. Inhibits T-type Ca channels and increases GABA, good for chronic pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anti-convulsant (GABA analog). Good for chronic pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anti-convulsant, muscle relaxant, anxiolytic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tricyclic antidepressant and anxiolytic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tricyclic antidepressant, also used for neuropathic pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antidepressant and anxiolytic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NSAID, inhibits COX1 and COX2 (same drug as Ibuprofen) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NSAID, inhibits COX1 and COX2 (same drug as Naproxen) |
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