Shared Flashcard Set

Details

hematology
leukemia and lymphoma
44
Health Care
Graduate
09/28/2007

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Disorders of the Adrenal glands
Definition
Acute adrenal insufficiency (adrenal crisis)
Chronic andrenocorticoid insuff(Addison)
Cushing's Dz and Syndrome
Hursutism/Virilization
Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn)
Pheochromocytoma
Term
Acute Lymphoblastic lymphoma

Definition?
Common in which age?
% in Western countries
Etiology?
SSx?
Diagnostic test?
Prognosis?
Treatment?
Definition
- malignant proliferation of immature lymphocytes (80% B-cell lineage)
- Common in children ages 2-9
- 10%
- Epstein-Barr virus; Downs
- acute ssx of fatigue, bruising, bleeding, bone pain, fever
- pancytopenia with circulating blasts; 95% have TdT (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase; bone marrow biopsy
- Very cureable
- Chemotherapy x 2.5 - 3 yrs (with allopurinal for renal insufficiency)
Term
Myelodisplastc Syndrome

Definition?
Epidemiology?
Pathophys?
Diagnostic test?
Prognosis?
Treatment
Definition
- Preleukemia
- Over 60
- ineffective hematopoiesis despite progenitor cells
- blasts b/w 5-25% in marrow; bone marrow biopsy
- 30-60% cure rate
- No therapy
Term
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Def?
Common in which age? ratio?
% in Western countries
SSx?
Diagnostic test?
Prognosis?
Treatment?
Definition
- abnml proliferation of B- lymphocytes
- adults > 60
- men 2:1 (female)
- 30% in western countries
- unable to communicate well, gradual onset
- lymphocytes > 5,000; rupterd smudge cells; biopsy
- 7-10 yrs; not curable
- Chemo - palliative care; slows process
Term
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)

Definition?
Common in which age?
% in Western countries
Etiology?
SSx?
Diagnostic test?
Prognosis?
Treatment?
Definition
- Malignant proliferation of myleiod cells
- Adolescent + adults; median age: 50
- 20%
- sudden onset: Persistent fever, fatigue, bruising, and bleeding
- AUER ROD in peripheral blood
- 70-80% receive full remission
- Chemo and allopurinal
Term
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

Def?
Common in which age?
Etiology?
SSx?
Diagnostic test?
Prognosis?
Treatment?
Definition
- Abnml proliferation of myleiod cells
- Middle-aged: 42
- PHILEDELPHIA chromosome 9:22 in >90%
- Gradual onset:night sweats, fever, fatigue;Stem cell dz involving granulocyte
-incr WBC > 100,000; leukocytosis typically stiking; cytogenic analysis
- chemo; imatinib
Term
Hairy cell leukemia?

Definition?
Common in which age?
% in Western countries
SSx?
Diagnostic test?
Prognosis?
Treatment?
Definition
- B-cell leukemia
- 2% of adult cases (not in kids)
- lymphadenopathy is uncommon (vs CLL)
- Hairy cells on smear
- 90% live longer than 10 yrs
- Nucleoside analogs (induces remission)
Term
Which leukemia has auer rods?
Definition
AML
Term
Which causes night sweats,low grade fever, and fatigue?
Definition
CML
Term
Which one has Philidelphia chrom
Definition
CML
Term
Most common leukemia in children
Definition
ALL
Term
which one has a male:female ratio 2:1
Definition
CLL
Term
Incr WBC > 100,000 found in which leukemia?
Definition
CML
Term
Incr leukocytes > 5,000 found in which leukemia?
Definition
CLL
Term
on which leukemia do you treat with imatinib?
Definition
CML
Term
What is used to stain hairy cells?
Definition
TRAP
Term
Treatment of choice for hairy cell leukemia?
Definition
nucleoside analogs
Term
Characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells
Definition
Hodgkin's disease (HD)
Term
Types of Hodgkins Disease
Definition
1. Nodular sclerosing
2. Mixed cellularity
3. Lymphocyte predominant
4. Lymphocyte depleted
Term
Painless enlarged lymph node areas:
Definition
1. Cervical
2. Supraclavicular
3. Axillary
4. Inguinal areas
Term
Hodgkin's Disease

Definition?
Common in which age?
Etiology?
SSx?
Diagnostic test?
Prognosis?
Treatment?
Definition
- Predominantly B-lymphocyte malignancy
- Bimodal: 18-34 and >50
- Arises in single lymph node and spreads to other lymph nodes
- night sweats, fever, wt loss, PRURITIS
- REED-STERNBERG cells, lymph node biopsy, lymph node biopy
- 90% in stage I and II; 30-60% in stage III and IV
- Chemo, surgery, radiation (curative, reduction of pain, reduction of size)
Term
Most common hematopoietic neoplasm
Definition
Non-Hodgkin's Disease
Term
Burkitt's lymphoma is an example of what?
Definition
Non-Hodgkin's Disease
Term
Non-Hodgkin's Disease

Definition?
Common in which age?
Etiology?
SSx?
Diagnostic test?
Prognosis?
Treatment?
Definition
- Clonal expansion of B-cells and T-cells
- 50 yrs
- Correlated to Epstein-barr virus
- BURKITT"S LYMPHOMA
- painless lymphadenopathy, fever, wt loss, night sweats, mediastinal mass
- lymph node biopsy, bone marrow Bx
- less good than Hodgkin's dz
- low grade NHL: palliatve approach
High grade NHL: curative radiation + chemo
Term
Bence-jones proteins are found in what disorder?
Definition
Found in the urine sample of Multiple Myeloma
Term
Multiple Myeloma?

Definition?
Common in which age?
Etiology?
SSx?
Diagnostic test?
Prognosis?
Treatment?
Definition
- Malignant proliferation of PLASMA cells
- elderly: 60s
- unknown
- Bone pain, renal failure, anemia, hypercalcemia, fevers/infections
- 3-6 yrs
- Serum: paraprotein + M-component (IgG)
Urine: Bence-jones proteins
bone scan: shows lytic lesions
Bone marrow bx
Term
Metabolic bone disease
Definition
= any condition producing diffusely decr bone density (osteopenia) and diminished bone strength
Osteoporosis
Paget's Dz of bone
Osteomalacia
Term
Most common metabolic bone disorder
Definition
osteoporosis
Term
Bone Dz characterized by low bone mass/density
Definition
Osteoporosis
- bone formation < bone reabsorption
- loss of trabecular bone > loss of compact bone
Term
Who are more susceptible to osteoporosis
Definition
postmenopausal women, esp Caucasian and Asian
Term
Etiology of Osteoporosis
Definition
Hormone deficiency or excess
immobilization
alcohol
smoking
genetics
Term
SSx of osteoporosis
Definition
* often asymptomatic
backache
spontaneous Fx -->femoral neck Fx, distal radius Fx
Collapse vertebrae
loss of height
Term
Labs for osteoporosis
Definition
* DEXA scan (for any bone, usually hip or spine)
- CT densiometry - vertebrae
- nml Alk Phos (usually),may be elevated
- nml serum calcium, phosphate, PTH
Term
Tx for osteoporosis
Definition
Hormone replacement therapy
bisphosphonates
SERMS - selective estrogen receptor modulators
Prevention: *exercise, Vit D, calcium, calcitonin nasal spray, diet, no smoking
Term
Def of Osteomalacia
Definition
Defective skeletal mineralization dur to Vit D deficiency; can't lay down bone properly (bone osteoid)
Term
What is osteomalacia in children?
Definition
Rickets
Term
What are the causes of osteomalacia
Definition
Vit D deficiency
deficient intake of Ca/Phos
genetic: hypophosphatasia
Fibrogenesis - "fishnet" appearance
Term
SSx of osteomalacia
Definition
usually starts asymptomatic
bone pain and tenderness
painful proximal muscle weakness
Fx with no associated trauma
Term
Labs for osteomalacia
Definition
elevated Alk Phos
nml or low Calcium and phosphorus
X-ray: thinning of corticol bone, stress, Fx, looser lines and bone softening
Term
Tx for osteomalacia
Definition
ergocalciferol for deficiency (long-acting Vit D
-prevention: vit D, sun exposure
Term
characterized by high bone turnover rate and disorganized osteoid formation
Definition
Paget's dz of bone (have enlarged and deformed bone)
- will get areas with "big holes" and other areas that are more dense
Term
SSx of Paget's Dz
Definition
3/4 asymptomatic; may involve 1 bone (monostotic) or multiple bone (polyostotic) - skull, femur, tibia, pelvis
- bone pain* - 1st symptom
- Bones become soft- kyphosis (curvature of spine), bowed tibia,
- if skull involved: HA, incr had size, deafness, cranial nerve palsies
Term
Labs for Paget's Dz
Definition
Very high Alk Phos
nml or incr serum Calcium
nml serum phosphorus
Elevated urinary hydroxyroline
Term
Tx for Paget's Dz
Definition
no cure
slow bone resorption: bisphosphonates
Supporting users have an ad free experience!