Term
|
Definition
Treats Heparin overdose by binding it ionically.
Derived from fish sperm or testes.
Treats bleeding |
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Term
|
Definition
Inhibits plasminogen activation
Treats Bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibits plasminogen activation
Treats bleeding |
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Term
|
Definition
For warfarin-induced toxicity.
Found in green/leafy vegetables, and absorbed with bile salts
Treats bleeding |
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Term
|
Definition
Tissue plasminogen activator
Derived from strepococci bacteria.
Complexes with plasminogen to convert it to plasmin.
Hypersensitivity Risk
Risk of fibrinolytic state
Thrombolytic/Fibrinolytic |
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Term
|
Definition
Tissue plasminogen activator
Synthesized. Complexes with plasminogen to convert it to plasmin.
Longer t1/2 versus streptokinase
Risk of fibrinolytic state
Thrombolytic/Fibrinolytic |
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Term
|
Definition
Tissue plasminogen activator
From human fetal renal cells or urine.
Degrades fibrin and fibrinogen.
Very expensive, used during allergy to streptokinase.
Risk of fibrinolytic state
Thrombolytic/Fibrinolytic |
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Term
|
Definition
Tissue plasminogen activator
From human melanoma cells or from recombinant DNA.
Activates only plasminogen currently bound to fibrin so less risk of fibrinolytic state.
Superior Thrombolytic for older clots |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms a complex with plasmin and inactivates it. |
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Term
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Definition
Antagonizes Vitamin K function.
Contraindicated during pregnancy
Oral anticoagulant. CYP metabolism |
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Term
|
Definition
Longer half life than warfarin
Oral anticoagulant. |
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Term
|
Definition
Shorter half life than warfarin
Oral anticoagulant. |
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Term
|
Definition
Indandione derivative.
Severe hypersensitivity risk
Oral anticoagulant. |
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Term
|
Definition
Indandione derivative
Severe Hypersensitivity reaction
Oral anticoagulant. |
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Term
|
Definition
Direct Thrombin inhibitor.
Hepatotoxic
Oral anticoagulant. |
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Term
|
Definition
Direct Thrombin Inhibitor
Hepatotoxic
Oral anticoagulant. |
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Term
|
Definition
Unfractionated Heparin (IV,SC)
Antithrombin III inducer, Increases Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor, Inhibits especially Factors II and Xa
TYPE A ADR: Bone loss. Down regulation of ATIII. Teratogen
TYPE B ADR: Heparin induced Ab attack on platelets -> TypeI,II,III hypersensitivity
Kidney and liver metabolism
Parenteral Anticoagulant |
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Term
|
Definition
Low MW heparin. (IV,SC)
Safer in pregnancy!
Inhibits Xa, but not IIa(Heparin does target IIa)
AT-III inducer
Kidney metabolism
Parenteral Anticoagulant |
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Term
|
Definition
Heparanoid (SC)
Inhibits Xa and to lesser extent IIa.
Used when heparin induces thrombocytopenia.
Sulfite allergy risk.
Does NOT contain heparin
Parenteral Anticoagulant |
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Term
|
Definition
Synthetic heparin derivative (SC)
Inhibits Xa reversibly. Very specific for Xa.
For DVT and TE,
Parenteral Anticoagulant |
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Term
|
Definition
Arginine Derivative (IV)
Direct Thrombin inhibitor (univalent)
Good for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia patients
CYP metabolism!
Parenteral Anticoagulant |
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Term
|
Definition
Hirulog(IV)
Direct Thrombin Inhibitor (divalent)
Caution in Renal Failiure
Parenteral Anticoagulant |
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Term
|
Definition
(IV)
Direct Thrombin Inhibitor
From leech salivary secretion
Parenteral Anticoagulant |
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Term
|
Definition
Direct Thrombin Inhibitor (Divalent)
Parenteral Anticoagulant |
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Term
|
Definition
Recombinant Protein C (IV)
Decreases mortality in severe sepsis.
A recombinant Protein C(serine protease)
Parenteral Anticoagulant |
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Term
|
Definition
COX Inhibitor
Oral
Ototoxicity, kidney/liver failure,
Use: PAD, Reduces MI, Fe Neuroprotectant,
Inhibitor of platelet aggregation. |
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Term
|
Definition
Inhibits platelet adherence to endothelium
Uricosuric
Oral
Inhibitor of platelet aggregation. |
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Term
|
Definition
Potentiates effects of prostacyclins
Coronary vasodilator by inhibiting phosphodiesterases.
Oral
May counteract ACHE Inhibitors
Inhibitor of platelet aggregation. |
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Term
|
Definition
Inhbits purinergic(P2Y12) receptor on platelets.
Onset of 8-11 days
Is prodrug. Converted via CYP.
Oral
ADRs: Increased ADRs vs Clopidogrel.
Inhibitor of platelet aggregation. |
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Term
|
Definition
Targets purinergic(P2Y12) receptor on platelets
Oral
Prodrug.
CYP metabolism
Less ADRs than Ticlopidine. More potent, more rapid onset.
For PAD (Pulmonary Artery Disease) and
Inhibitor of platelet aggregation. |
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Term
|
Definition
Monoclonal Antibody
Inhibits platelet aggregation
Inhibits Vitronectin and Glycoprotein (IIB/IIIA) receptors on platelets.
Parenteral (IV) |
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Term
|
Definition
Peptide
Parenteral (IV)
Inhibits platelet aggregation
Inhibits Glycoprotein receptors(IIb/IIIa)
Short acting. Often given with aspirin and heparin.
Inhibitor of platelet aggregation. |
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Term
|
Definition
non-peptide
Parenteral (IV)
Inhibits platelet aggregation
Inhibitor of Glycoprotein (IIb/IIIa) receptor on platelets |
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Term
|
Definition
Stimulates RBC formation in the bone marrow.
Produced in KIDNEY only in response to hypoxia at the kidney. |
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Term
| What are receptors on platelets? |
|
Definition
●Serotonin (5HT2A)
●Purinergic (P2Y1, P2Y12)
●Platelet surface integrin receptor (α1β3)/ Glycoprotein IIA/IIIB receptors
●Vitronectin (involved in cell adhesion) |
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Term
Ketanaserin
Cyproheptadine
Methysergide
Antipsychotic (clonazepine) |
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Definition
| Serotonin Receptor Blockers |
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Term
Relative #
RBC
Platelet
Neutrophil |
|
Definition
RBC: Most
Platelet: 2nd most
Neutrophil: Most of WBC |
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Term
Anti-thrombin III
Protein C
Protein S
Plasmin |
|
Definition
Anti-thrombin III(inhibits enzymes of clotting factor)
Protein C(Inactivates factor V)
Protein S(Inactivates Factor VIII and is cofactor for Protein C)
Plasmin(Protease that cleaves fibrin)
*All are synthesized in the LIVER. |
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Term
|
Definition
Radioactive Phosphorous(32p)
Aspirin
Hydroxyurea
Interferon
Immunosuppressants
Phlebotomy
Anagrelide |
|
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Term
| Leukocytosis increases which WBC? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Leukemia increases which WBC(s)? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
IL-11 - thrombopoietec growth factor(SC)
IL-11 which is used to stimulate cells to become megakaryocytes.
For Thrombocytopenia |
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Term
|
Definition
Recombinant fusion protein(SC)
Thrombopoietin receptor Activator -> Increased platelet count
NOT Hepatotoxic (Eltromnopag is)
For Thrombocytopenia |
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Term
|
Definition
Non-peptide(Oral)
Thrombopoietin receptor Activator -> Increased platelet count
Hepatotoxic
For Thrombocytopenia |
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Term
|
Definition
(Oral)
Inhibits release of arachidonic acid from phospholipase.
Inhibits maturation of megakaryocytes into platelets.
For Thrombocythemia (too many platelets) |
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Term
|
Definition
(Injection or nasal spray)
Synthetic hormone that causes the body to release more Factor VIII (Von Willebrand factor).
For Von Willebrand's disease |
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Term
|
Definition
Inhibits phosphodiesterase, TNF-Alpha
Increases cAMP.
Will alter viscosity and increase blood flow.
For PAD(Pulmonary Artery Disease) and Sickle Cell anemia. |
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Term
|
Definition
Pentoxifylline
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Diet
Smoking Cessation |
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Term
|
Definition
| An Important marker for anemia in the blood. |
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Term
| Microcytic Anemia examples |
|
Definition
Iron deficiency
Thalassemia (Messed up Globin)
Sideroblastic (Pyrodoxine deficient)
Copper Deficiency |
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Term
| Macrocytic Anemia examples |
|
Definition
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Folate Deficiency |
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Term
| Classic symptoms of Anemia |
|
Definition
Decreased O2, Cardiac Murmur, fatigue, pallor, pale skin, SoB, tachycardia,
(Also increased 2,3-diphosphoglycerol which aids in O2 unloading) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Required to transfer oxygen from hemoglobin to cells. In anemia, where there is high concentrations of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate the ability to unload oxygen is increased. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Has high value in B12 AND Folate deficiency. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Has a high value in ONLY B12 deficiency |
|
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Term
Serum Ferritin levels in Microcytic Anemias:
Iron deficiency versus Thalassemia and Anemia of Chronic disease |
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Definition
Thalassemia and Anemia of Chronic disease: Increased Serum Ferritin
Iron deficiency: Decreased serum ferritin |
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Term
Lab values in Normocytic anemia:
LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase)
Haptoglobin
Bilirubun |
|
Definition
LDH: Increased
Haptoglobin: Decreased
Bilirubun: Increased |
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|
Term
| How is iron stored vs transported? |
|
Definition
Stored: Ferritin, Hemosiderin, Myoglobin
Transported: transferrin |
|
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Term
| Symptoms of iron deficient anemia |
|
Definition
| Glossitis, Achlorhydria, fatigue, Pica in children, poor cognition in children |
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Term
|
Definition
Acidity is needed (orange juice doubles absorption)
May hinder treatment of parkinson's and possibly Alzheimer's due to drug interactions
Treats iron deficient anemia. |
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Term
|
Definition
(parenteral)
Chelates metals in the blood.
Has relativiely short half-life, and has a higher affinity for other metals than compared to Deferasirox(which is oral).
Good to drink 8-10 glasses of water as well in constipation is occuring.
Used for iron overdose |
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Term
|
Definition
(Oral)
Chelates metals in the blood
Has longer half-life, and lower affinity to other metals compared to Deferoxamine(which is only parenteral)
Good to drink 8-10 glasses of water as well in constipation is occuring.
Treats iron overdose. |
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Term
|
Definition
(Oral/parenteral/nasal)
B12 is released from food by acid.
Contraindication: Leber's disease(nerve atropy), Polycythemia vera,
For B12 deficiency anemia |
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Term
|
Definition
(oral/parenteral)
DIs: Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (methotrexate, trimethoprim)
For prevention of Spina Bifida birth defect.
For sickle cell anemia
For Infertility
For treatment of folate deficincy anemia.
For treatment of Sickle cell anemia |
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Term
| Drugs that induce Megaloblastic Anemia |
|
Definition
Phenytoin
Methotrexate
Trimethoprim
Sulfamethoxazole |
|
|
Term
B12 deficiency versus Folic Acid deficiency
(time course to develop?)
(Neurologic symptoms?)
(Lab values and tests?) |
|
Definition
B12 deficiency(Pernicious):
3-4 Years to develop
Neurological symptoms: loss of myelin, numbness, tingling, dementia.
Both Methylmalonic acid and homocysteine will increase in B12 deficiency
Schillings test will lab test.
Folic Acid Deficiency:
3-4 Months to develop
No Neurologic symptoms
Only Homocysteine will be increased in the case of Folic Acid Deficiency; not methylmalonic acid |
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Term
| Symptoms of Sickle cell anemia |
|
Definition
Hand-foot syndrome (swollen due to clogging)
Stunted growth
Vision problems
Jaundice
Pulmonary HTN
Decreased fertility,
Priapism |
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Term
|
Definition
Stimulates Hgb production
Increases Nitric Oxide
ADR: Foul smelling skin
Antioxident
Decreases Neutrophils and monocytes
Decreases RBC "stickyness"
For Sickle Cell Anemia, Myelofibrosis, Polycythemia |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Increases Hgb production by altering gene expression
Naturally occuring fatty acid
NO cytotoxicity or body odor unlike hydroxyurea.
For sickle cell anemia |
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Term
|
Definition
Increases fetal hemoglobin production
Inhibiting methylation of DNA & thus
Prevents the switch from gamma to beta-globulin production. |
|
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Term
| Erythropoeitin, Darbepoietin |
|
Definition
| Can be used for anemias by stimulating RBC production |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Therapy for Copper deficient anemia
Causes of copper deficiency: Excessive zinc intake, reduced thyroid function, malnourishment, intestinal bypass
Decreased CYP oxidase function is seen in copper deficiency |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Accumulation of too much copper
Treatments:
Chelators (Pencillamine, Trientine)
Inhibit absorption (Potassium disulfide, Zinc acetate/sulfate)
For Tremor: Beta-blockers, anti-cholinergics
Muscle spasm: Tizinidine, clonazepam
Other: Surgery |
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Term
|
Definition
| Copper deficiency. Though accumulates in kidney and intestinal lining |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Treats aplasia due to riboflavin deficiency anemia.
Found in Milk, eggs, liver, meats. Also found in green vegetables, but vegetarians may not get enough.
Alcohol is bad.
ADRs: Bright yellow urine
DIs: Anti-Ach, Phenothiazine, phenobarbital, birth control, antimalarial, |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Symptoms of deficiency: glossitis, dermatitis, angular stomatitis/cheilosis),
red blood cell precursor aplasia |
|
|
Term
| Pydridoxine (Vit B6 therapy) |
|
Definition
Treats pyridoxine deficient anemia
Is cofactor for GAD(glutamic acid decarboxylase), so deficiency will lead to Glutamate build-up. Is also necessary for other monoamine synthesis pathways
ADRs: Decreased sensation to touch, temperature, and vibration,
DISs: Levodpoa(PLP will decarboxylate it), phenobarbital, phenytoin |
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