Term
What does the following determine:
Hemoglobin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What does the following determine:
Hematocrit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What does the following determine:
Indices |
|
Definition
| Cell size and hemoglobin content (cell morphology) |
|
|
Term
What does the following screen for:
ESR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anticoagulated blood is allowed to stand undisturbed for one hour
RBCs will start to settle to the bottom of the tube
As RBCs start to settle, they stack together (rouleaux), thus increasing the cell mass |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of ESR |
|
Definition
| Distance in milimeters that RBCs will fall in one hour in a vertical tube of a defined length |
|
|
Term
| Normally RBCs are repulsive to one another due to the ____ ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amount of fall-out is directly proportional to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amount of fall-out is directly inversely proportional to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Certain proteins, such as _______ weaken the zeta potential by attracting positive ions close to the cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
A weakened zeta potential allows RBCs to come close together, rouleaux, and fall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 Factors affecting decreased fall-out |
|
Definition
Polycythemia
Sickle cells
spherocytes |
|
|
Term
| 4 Factors affecting increased fall-out |
|
Definition
Increased fibrinogen (acute phase reactant)
In vivo rouleaux formation of cells
Multiple Myeloma has increased immunoglobulin's
Anemia |
|
|
Term
| ESR Normal Value - Female and Children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of test is an ESR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 Technical Factors Affecting ESR Results |
|
Definition
Vertical slant
Temperature
Bubbles
Abnormal shapes – sickle cells, spherocytes |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Cannot be a truly “decreased”ESR since zero is normal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Will ESR be increased, decreased, or normal in the following?
Viral infection
Bacterial infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Will ESR be increased, decreased, or normal in the following?
Rheumatoid Arthritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Will ESR be increased, decreased, or normal in the following?
Osteoarthritis
Cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Will ESR be increased, decreased, or normal in the following?
Auto-Immune Diseases
Neoplasms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the BEST Measure of anemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large pigmented protein that gives red cells their color |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of Hemoglobin? |
|
Definition
| Carries oxygen to tissue and brings CO2 back |
|
|
Term
| What is the reference Method for Hemoglobin Measurement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cyanmethemoglobin measures all forms of hemoglobin except ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sulfhemoglobin can occur from _____ or ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cyanmethemoglobin - Transmission or absorbance is measured spectrophotometrically at _____ nm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Fewer places are performing manual hemoglobin measurement methods unless a turbidity problem occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hemoglobin Reference Range
Females |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hemoglobin Reference Range
Males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hemoglobin Reference Range
Newborns |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hemoglobin Reference Range
Children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Packed cell volume
Expressed as a % of RBC of the whole blood volume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Percentage of whole blood occupied by red cells after packing by centrifugation |
|
|
Term
| What does the manual method for Hematocrit use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Small capillary tube is filled with blood and centrifuged at _____ g (11,500-15,000 RPM) for ____ minutes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do you omit the buffy coat when determining the Hematocrit value? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Hematocrit is not directly measured when automated instruments are used |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ ____ = (RBC x MCV)/10 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disadvantage of Hematocrit |
|
Definition
In-vivo agglutination occurs, will affect Hct
RBC and MCV will be erroneous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is Manual Hematocrit performed? |
|
Definition
When suspect spurious (false) automated results
Cannot get a tube of blood |
|
|
Term
| Hematocrit should be ____ times the Hemoglobin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Reference Range for Hematocrit:
Females |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Reference Range for Hematocrit:
Males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Reference Range for Hematocrit:
Newborns |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mean Cell Volume (MCV) indicates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Agglutinatino can cause falsely elevated MCV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do Automated instruments measure MCV? |
|
Definition
Size of pulse
Derivation from histogram |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Macrocytes
Microcytes
Normocytes |
|
|
Term
| What is the reference range for MCV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH) |
|
Definition
| Average weight of hemoglobin / cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the value of MCH always calculated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does MCH correspond to? |
|
Definition
Hypochromasia - decreased cellular hemoglobin content
Hyperchromasia - Increased cellular hemoglobin content |
|
|
Term
True or False:
MCH values are altered if lipemic specimen or cold agglutinin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) |
|
Definition
Average hemoglobin concentration of all red cells in sample
Usually corresponds to MCH
Usually not as sensitive to anemia as MCH |
|
|
Term
| _____ = (Hgb x 100) / Hct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the value of MCHC always calculated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
MCHC is observed in spherocytes or artifacts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MCHC corresponds to _______ - decreased cellular hemoglobin concentration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MCHC corresponds to ______ - too much hemoglobin for size of cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
[image]
Conditions: |
|
Definition
Normal
Acute blood loss
Hemolytic anemia
Hypoproliferative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
[image]
Conditions: |
|
Definition
Sideroblastic Anemia
Transfusion or other treated anemia
Anemias (aplastic)
Most hemoglobinopathies
Misc. anemias |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Slight Macrocytosis (all about the same size with little size variation) |
|
|
Term
[image]
[image]
Conditions: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Moderate Anisocytosis
Moderate Macrocytosis |
|
|
Term
[image]
[image]
Conditions: |
|
Definition
Megaloblastic Anemia
--B12
--Folate
Reticulocytosis
Myelodysplasia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Moderate microcytosis
Moderate Hypochromasia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Moderate Anisocytosis
Moderate Hypochromasia
Slight Microcytosis |
|
|
Term
[image]
[image]
Conditions: |
|
Definition
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Sideroblastic Anemia
Lead Poisoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Moderate Anisocytosis
Moderate Spherocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hereditary spherocytosis
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia |
|
|
