Term
| Hemoglobin molecule consists of four globin protein chains containing a heme component nestled in a ______ crevice |
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Definition
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Term
| Heme is a ______ ring with ______ iron in the center |
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Definition
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Term
| ____% of hemoglobin synthesis occurs during the nucleated stages of RBC maturation |
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Definition
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Term
| 35% of hemoglobin synthesis occurs during the _______ stage |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A tetramer of two pairs of unlike globin polypeptide chains
4 globular subunits |
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Term
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Definition
4 groups
Each group contains a protoporphyrin ring plus ferrous iron (Fe2+) |
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Term
| Hemoglobin structure consists of ______ and ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal Hemoglobin Structure is Dependent upon (3) |
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Definition
Adequate iron delivery and supply
Adequate synthesis of protporphyrins
Adequate globin synthesis |
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Term
| What is the precursor of heme? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of hemoglobin? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 Diseases Representing Defective Hemoglobin |
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Definition
Thalassemia
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Sideroblastic Anemia |
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Term
Which one of the following is Defective of Globin Chains:
Thalassemia
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Sideroblastic Anemia |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following lacks iron:
Iron deficiency anemia
Thalassemia
Sideroblastic anemia |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is a disease representing lack of heme?
Thalassemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Sideroblastic anemia |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is the Most Common Disease representing Defective Hemoglobin:
Thalassemia
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Sideroblastic anemia |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ of body's iron is bound to heme |
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Definition
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Term
| ___-___ mg needed daily for erythropoiesis |
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Definition
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Term
| The average adult has a total body iron content of approximately ____ mg |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ of the total body iron content is present as hemoglobin iron |
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Definition
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Term
| 1/2 of the total body iron content is present as ______ iron |
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Definition
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Term
90% of tissue iron is ____ iron
--Ferritin, hemosiderin |
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Definition
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Term
10% of tissue iron is _____-_____
--Myoglobin, cytochrome enzymes |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Daily iron intake, absorption, and losses are usually very small |
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Definition
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Term
| Is Body Iron repeatedly recycled? |
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Definition
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Term
| A healthy adult has a blood volume of |
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Definition
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Term
| Will lose ____-____ mL whole blood per day due to RBC senescence |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 mL of blood contains ____ mg of Iron |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ - ____ mg of iron is needed each day to replace the iron lost by senescent RBCs |
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Definition
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Term
| Nearly 100% of iron from RBC turnover is taken up by the _____ ______ _____ and reutilized |
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Definition
| mononuclear phagocytic system |
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Term
The small amount of iron lost through cellular shedding and sweating is ____ mg/day
This is replaced by diet |
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Definition
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Term
| The average western diet contains approximately ___ mg of iron/___ calories |
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Definition
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Term
| The typical adult consumers ______ calories/day |
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Definition
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Term
| Of the 15 mg of iron that is ingested/day, only ____-____% is absorbed |
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Definition
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Term
| Although excess iron is in our diet, ___ ______ continues to be a significant cause of morbidity in North America and throughout the world |
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Definition
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Term
Do the following contain High or Moderate Levels of Iron?
Organ meats
Wheat germ
Brewer’s yeast
Legumes |
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Definition
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Term
Do the following contain High or Moderate Levels of Iron?
Muscle meats, fish, fowl
Prunes
Some green vegetables
Cereals |
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Definition
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Term
| Do Phosphates and Milk increase or decrease absorption of Iron? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Do the following low molecular weight compounds increase or decrease absorption of Iron?
Fructose
Amino acids
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 Factors that affect daily iron requirements are: |
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Definition
Growth spurts
Menstruation
Pregnancy
Lactation and breast feeding
Iron deficiency |
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Term
| Who is/are most prone to Iron Deficiency Anemia |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is Iron absorbed at? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common dietary form of Iron? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ferric is converted into the ferrous (Fe+2) by what? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Ferrous iron enters the mucosal cells of the intestine where it is converted back to ferric iron |
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Definition
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Term
| Iron complexes with ______ to form transferrin |
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Definition
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Term
| Iron complexes with apoferritin to form ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| In addition to the non-heme iron (ferrous and ferric molecules) in the diet, heme iron is also present as _____ and ______ |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Heme iron is more readily absorbed than non-heme iron |
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Definition
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Term
Derived from myoglobin and hemoglobin in dietary meat -
Iron is Absorbed by the ____ _____ as intact heme molecules and then freed from ______ _____ and utilized |
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Definition
mucosal cells
porphyrin ring |
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Term
| _____ is delivered to the RBC precursor membrane by the protein carrier _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Iron crosses the membrane and enters the cytoplasm where it goes to the mitochondria. Here it is changed to _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Excess iron in the cytoplasm aggregates as |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Storage form of iron
Amount will depend on the amount of iron needed to make hemoglobin |
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Term
| Heme is a porphyrin ring with a single _______ iron attached in a hydrophobic pocket |
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Definition
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Term
| With Heme Production, we want to protect Iron from _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Heme synthesis begins in the _______ with the formation of ________ synthesis |
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Definition
mitochondria
protoporphyrin |
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Term
| Glycine ALA + Succinyl Coenzyme A --> _____-_____ ____ |
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Definition
| delta-aminolevulinic acid |
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Term
| The enzymatic steps for heme synthesis are influenced by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ALA --> PBG --> URO --> Cop --> |
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Definition
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Term
| ALA --> PBG --> URO --> Cop --> Pro + Fe = |
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Definition
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Term
| Each enzyme step yields unstable substances called |
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Definition
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Term
| The porphyrinogens are oxidized to a more stable substance called _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| After conversion of ________ __, iron is incorporated to yield heme |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ ____ + ________ ___ -------------> Protoporphyrin IX (Protoporphyrin Ring) |
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Definition
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Term
| Protoporphyrin IX + ______ --> Heme |
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Definition
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Term
| Any block in the enzymatic pathway will result in the excess formation of a particular _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Metabolic disorders are referred to as |
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Definition
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Term
| The porphyrin will accumulate in the |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Porphyrin accumulation is Very Toxic to the brain |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Porphyrias may be inherited or acquired |
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Definition
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Term
| If protoporphyrin synthesis is impaired, iron accumulates in the ______ as ____ _____ |
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Definition
cytoplasm
ferritin aggregates |
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Term
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Definition
| iron-laden, nucleated RBC |
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Term
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Definition
| Iron-laden, non-nucleated RBC |
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Term
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Definition
| mitochondria become encrusted with iron and will be visible around the nucleus of the RBC precursor |
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Term
| To visualize intracellular iron, must use _____ _____ stain |
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Definition
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