Term
| In which pathway is Factor VII? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In which pathway is Factor XII? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which pathway is Factor XI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which pathway is Factor IX? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which pathway is Factor VIII? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which pathway is Factor X? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In which pathway is Factor V? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In which pathway is Factor II? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which pathway is Factor I? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is factor II and IIa? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What coagulation factors are vitamin K dependent? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which clotting factor is not measured by the PTT or PT test? |
|
Definition
| Factor XIII as it is fibrinase |
|
|
Term
| Which vitamin K dependent factor is measured by the PTT test |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibrinase: in the clotting of blood thrombin catalyzes factor XIII into its active form (fibrinase) which causes fibrin to form a stable clot |
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|
Term
| Which vitamin K dependent factor is not measured by the PTT test? |
|
Definition
| Factor VII as it is part of the Extrinsic path and PTT measures the intrinsic path. |
|
|
Term
| If a person has a circulating platelet count of 300,000, about how many platets would be available in storage? |
|
Definition
about 100,000
1/3 of a persons circulating platelets are available in storage |
|
|
Term
| Where are most coagulation factors synthesized? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which factor is unstable at room temperature? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which factor is activated by contact with glass? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which factor is actually calcium? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which factor is present in both plasma and serum |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which factor has the highest concentration in blood? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which enzyme degrades fibrin? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How is a genetic deficiency of factor VIII inherited? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many platelets does the normal Mgakayocyte produce? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are four conditions caused by abnormal clotting? |
|
Definition
-heart attack
-stroke
-deep vein thrombosis
-pulmonary embolism |
|
|
Term
| What is not a condition caused by abnormal clotting? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of aspirin on platelets? |
|
Definition
| It inactivated the platelets |
|
|
Term
| How is the platelet precusore in the marrow easily recognized? |
|
Definition
| It is a huge polypoid cell |
|
|
Term
| What does a normal non-activated platelet look like? |
|
Definition
| 2-4 micron spiculated cell |
|
|
Term
| How is the platelet similat to the red blood cell? |
|
Definition
| It has no nucleus in the mature form |
|
|
Term
| When do we see fibrin degradation products? |
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Definition
| when plasmin acts on fibrin clots |
|
|
Term
| What causes pernicious anemia? |
|
Definition
| Lack of intrinsic factor (IF) which is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 |
|
|
Term
| From where is folic acid acquired in the diet? |
|
Definition
| green leafy vegetable with stores lasting about six months/ |
|
|
Term
| What are three characteristics of megaloblasic red cell changes? |
|
Definition
- a decrease in the number of mitoses and larger cells
- mature red cells that are typically oval macrocyes
- fragile chromatin that easily breaks |
|
|
Term
| Methemolobin is unstable and it tends to precipitate out as which inclusion in the red cell? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does intravascular hemolysis take place? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Extravascular hemolysis results in an increase in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Extravascular hemolysis results in a decrease in |
|
Definition
- blood bilirubin
- urine bilirubin
- stool bilirubin |
|
|
Term
| Red cells with the inherited defect know as sperocytosis would most likely result in: |
|
Definition
| decreased red cell life span due to extravascular hemolysis of spherocytes (wrong shape detection by spleen) |
|
|
Term
| Of how many chains do Hemoglobin Barts consist? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Arth the blood cell morphology seen in B12 deficiency the same as that seen in folate deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The pneumonic phrase:
Crawl Slow Fast Accelerate is used for what? |
|
Definition
| where the hemoglobin ends up on the electrophoresis. Hemoglobin A, as it moves the fastest, will be furthest away from the electrodes. |
|
|
Term
| On hemoglobin electrophoresis usine cellulose acestate, the fastes moving hemoglobin is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the red blod cell indices MCH and MCHC indicate? |
|
Definition
| The color or chromia of red blood cells |
|
|
Term
| What would lead to intravascular hemolysis of red blood cells? |
|
Definition
-an artificial heart valve
-malaria parasites
-marathon running on pavement
-burns |
|
|
Term
| What doas an increased reticulocyte count indicate? |
|
Definition
-increased red cell production
-increased red cell turnover |
|
|
Term
| What would create an increase in protophorphyrin in the cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wat would result in microcytic hypochromic red cells? |
|
Definition
| iron deficiency caused by THALASSEMIA |
|
|
Term
| What would cause and increase in Hgb A2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would cause the presence of Hgb Barts? |
|
Definition
| alpha thalassemia newborn |
|
|
Term
| What would cause the presence of Hgb H? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would cause the absence of Hgb A? |
|
Definition
| Homozygous sickle cell anemia |
|
|
Term
| What would cause the presence of hexagonal crystals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chromatin fragments within the mature red blood cell are known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are Howell-jolly bodies? |
|
Definition
| fragments of non-functional nucleus (cluster -+ DNA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with neutrophils; bluish |
|
|
Term
| Where does the normal catabolism of aged red blood cells take place? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In an inflammatory condition, from which organ is iron withheld or blocked from leaving? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When are the megaloblastic changes of red blood cell precursors seen? |
|
Definition
-B12 deficiency
-folate deficency |
|
|
Term
| What would cause megaloblastic changes of red blood cell precursors? |
|
Definition
-B12 deficiency
-folate deficiency |
|
|
Term
| What is the precise cause of pernicious anemia? |
|
Definition
| Lack of intrinsic factor (IF) in the stomach cells |
|
|
Term
| What do Heinz bodies found in the red cells consist of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A patient has been brought to the ER with acute bleeding following an accident; if he is an otherwise healthy person, what woul the red blood cell morphology most likely be? |
|
Definition
| normocytic and normochromic |
|
|
Term
| What does the Schilling Test do? |
|
Definition
| Differenciates dietary B12 deficiency from pernicious anemia (lack of IF) |
|
|
Term
| What can one differenciat on the usual hemoglobin electrophoresis pattern? |
|
Definition
-sickle cell disease from sickle cell trait
-Hgb C disease from Hgb C trait
-alpha thalassemia from beta thalassemia |
|
|
Term
| What are the hemoglobin conditions from worse to okay? |
|
Definition
-Hgb SS
-Hgb SC
-Hgb SB
-Hgb CC
-Hgb AS |
|
|
Term
| What are three things that would result in polycythemia? |
|
Definition
-smoking
-living at high altitude
-decrease in blood flow to the kidney |
|
|
Term
| What would not result in polycythemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gives the reticulocyte a bluish colot on the Wright's stain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the maturation stage of the neutrophil, what is the characteristic of the promyelocyte? |
|
Definition
| predominant primary granules |
|
|
Term
| During the maturation stage of the neutrophil, what is the characteristic of the myelocyte? |
|
Definition
| first cell with predominant secondary granules |
|
|
Term
| During the maturation stage of the neutrophil, what is the characteristic of the mature neutrophil? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the maturation stage of the neutrophil, what is the characteristic of the myeloblast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the maturation stage of the neutrophil, what is the characteristic of the metamyelocyte? |
|
Definition
| a kidney bean shaped nucleus |
|
|
Term
| During the maturation stage of the neutrophil, which cell has the predominant primary granules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the maturation stage of the neutrophil, which cell is the first cell with predominant secondarty granules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the maturation stage of the neutrophil, which cell has a prominant nucleoli |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the maturation stage of the neutrophil, which cell has a kidney bean shaped nucleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the maturation stage of the neutrophil, which cell has a segmented nucleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which white blood cell is found in the greatest quantity in the adult? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which white blood cell is found in the greatest quantity in the child? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a 'shift to the left' of the neutrophil line usually mean? |
|
Definition
| the presence of a bacterial infection |
|
|
Term
| what would be the most likely cause for a large increas in blood basophils? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For what is the Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP) test used? |
|
Definition
| to differentiate lekemoid rxn form CML |
|
|
Term
| What is meant by leukemoid reaction? |
|
Definition
| a high powered reaction to a bacterial infection |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of a leukemoid reaction? |
|
Definition
-an increase in neutrophils
-an increase in immature neutrophils
-presence of severe bacterial infection |
|
|
Term
| In which cell is an auer rod seen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute lymphocytic leukemia is primaily seen in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a monocyte when it enters the tissues called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are basophils sometime referred to as "suicide bags"? |
|
Definition
| they contain mediators of anaphylaxis |
|
|
Term
| Which leukemia has the greates life expectency? |
|
Definition
| Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the quantity of neutrophils at the release of epinephrine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A patient with intesinal parasites may have an increas in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which leukemia is the Philadelphia chromosome found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the maturation stage of the neutrophil, which cell has no cytoplasmic granules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major source of enery in the mature RBC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major source of energy in the nucleated RBC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the source of 2,3 DPG for the RBC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the source of H+ to reduce methemoglobin in the RBC? |
|
Definition
| methemoglobin reductase path |
|
|
Term
| what is teh source of reduced glutathione to neutralize oxidants in the blood? |
|
Definition
| hexose monophosphate shunt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| variation in size of RBCs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| variation in shape of RBCs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| variation in color of RBCs |
|
|
Term
| In the WBC, what are the drumsticks of nuclear material of the neutrophil? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the WBC, what are the red rod-like inclusions in the cytoplasm of the neutrophil? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the WBC, what is the light blue discoloration of the cytoplasm of the neutrophil? |
|
Definition
| dohle bodies (toxic reactions) |
|
|
Term
| In the WBC, what is associated with bacterial infection and can be seen in the neutrophil? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the WBC, what has a six-segmented nucleus in the neutrophil? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would happen to the platelet count in CML? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In CML, what would happen to the WBC count? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In CML, what would happen to the basophil count? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In CML, what would happen to the eosinophil count? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In CML, what would happen to the immature lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
