Term
| Normal Hematocrit Values: Male, Female, and Child |
|
Definition
Male: 40-54
Female: 35-49
Children: 48-68 |
|
|
Term
| Normal Hemoglobin values: Male, Female, Children, and Newborns |
|
Definition
Male: 14-18
Female: 12-15
Children: 10-15
Newborns: 17-23 |
|
|
Term
Normal Reticulocyte Count
Normal RDW values |
|
Definition
Retic: 0.5-1.5%
RDW: 11.5-14.5 |
|
|
Term
| Normal RBC count: Male, Female, Children |
|
Definition
Male: 4.7-6.1 x 10^6 /microliter
Female: 4.2-5.4
Children: 4.4 - 5.8 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 4.0-11.0 x 10^3 / microliter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 150-450 x 10^3 / microliter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A 75-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain, pallor and tachycardia. He told his doctor that he had been having very dark stools for a long time. Some of his CBC values were as follow:
RBC: 3.6 x 106 µl
HB: 7.5 gm/dL
HCT: 25% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A 52-year-old farmer was seen by his doctor for malaise, pallor, and ease of bruising. His CBC was as follows:
WBC: 2,100 µl
RBC: 2.5 x 106 µl
HB: 8.0 gm/dL
HCT: 24%
PLT: 40,000 µl
Red cell morphology: normochromic, normocytic with one polychromatophilic cell per 10 oil fields. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A 28-year-old pregnant woman came to the ER in labor. She indicated that she was homeless and had had no prenatal care. Her CBC results were as follows:
WBC: 4,100 µl
RBC: 2.3 x 106 µl
HB: 9.0 gm
HCT: 25%
PLT: 140,000 µl
Red cell morphology: mod macrocytosis
White cell morphology: 10 granulocytes have 6 or 7 lobes
B12: 580 pg/ml
Folate: 1.8 ng/ml |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A 5-year-old boy was seen for slight jaundice and a tender, distended abdomen. There was no evidence of bleeding. His older brother has similar but milder symptoms. His lab results were as follows:
RBC: 3.9 x 106 µl
HB: 11.8 gm/dL
HCT: 31%
Red cell morphology: marked spherocytes, marked polychromasia
T. Bili: 5.9 mg/dl
D. Bili: 0.8 mg/dl
LD: 1500 U/L |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A 4-year-old white child named Mark Christianson was admitted to the hospital for a broken leg. He had no other symptoms. He had some routine blood work done. The results were as follows:
RBC: 5.5 x 106 µl
Hgb: 11.0 gm/dL
HCT: 36.0%
Red cell morphology: marked microcytosis, hypochromasia; marked target cells and mod basophilic stippling
All other lab results normal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When circulating blood lacks the ability to adequately oxygenate body tissues |
|
|
Term
| To compensate for Anemia, the body increases what 3 things? |
|
Definition
| 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG), Cardiac Output, and Erythropoietin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tachycardia, shortness of breath, headaches, pallor, and fatigue |
|
|
Term
| In most anemias, the hemoglobin, hematocrit, and RBC are all what? (Increased, Decreased, or No change) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 5 Macrocytic Anemias |
|
Definition
| Megaloblastic B12 Deficiency, Megaloblastic folate deficiency, Liver disease, Myelodysplastic disorders, and Reticulocytosis |
|
|
Term
| Name 5 Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemias |
|
Definition
| Iron deficiency, Thalassemias, Lead poisoning, Chronic disease, and Sideroblastic anemia |
|
|
Term
| Name 5 Normocytic, Normochromic Anemias |
|
Definition
| Hemolytic, Acute blood loss, Aplastic anemia, Most hemoglobinopathies, All others |
|
|
Term
| Laboratory Findings for SCD (Hgb, RBC, Hb S, Hb F, Hb A) |
|
Definition
Hgb, RBC, & Hb A: Decreased
Hb F: Increased
Hb S: VERY Increased |
|
|
Term
| Laboratory Findings for Sickle Trait (Hgb, RBC, Hb S, Hb F, Hb A) |
|
Definition
Hgb, RBC, and Hb F: Do Not Change
Hb S: Increased
Hb A & Hb F: Slightly Decreased |
|
|
Term
Laboratory Findings for Beta Thalassemia
(Hgb, RBC, Hb S, Hb F, Hb A) |
|
Definition
Hb S: Negative
Hgb: Decreased
Hb A: VERY Decreased
Hb F: Increased |
|
|
Term
| Clinical Description of Beta Thalassemia Minor or Trait |
|
Definition
| Mild Anemia, Microcytosis, Abnormal erythrocyte morphology, splenomegaly |
|
|
Term
| Clinical Description of Beta Thalassemia Major |
|
Definition
| Severe Anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis, organ damage, secondary to iron overload, hepatosplenomegaly |
|
|
Term
| Clinical Description of Alpha Thalassemia Trait |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical Description of Alpha-Hgb H Disease |
|
Definition
| Three Inactive Alpha genes |
|
|
Term
| Clinical Description of Alpha-Hgb Bart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Indicate the expected reticulocyte count in the following: Untreated Iron Deficiency Anemia
(Increased, Decreased, or No Change) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Indicate the expected reticulocyte count in the following: Untreated Megaloblastic Anemia
(Increased, Decreased, or No Change) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Indicate the expected reticulocyte count in the following: Hemolytic Anemia
(Increased, Decreased, or No Change) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Indicate the expected reticulocyte count in the following: 24 Hours after acute hemorrhage
(Increased, Decreased, or No Change) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Indicate the expected reticulocyte count in the following: 5 Days after acute hemorrhage
(Increased, Decreased, or No Change) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Indicate the expected reticulocyte count in the following: Iron Deficiency Anemia 1 week after iron therapy
(Increased, Decreased, or No Change) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Indicate the expected reticulocyte count in the following: Pernicious anemia 1 week after Vit B12 injection
(Increased, Decreased, or No Change) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Patient: 65 year old with rheumatoid arthritis
Hgb: 11.3 gm/dL
Hct: 36%
RBC: 4.60 x 10^6 / microliter
Other Tests: Decreased serum iron and TIBC, Increased ferritin |
|
Definition
| Other Chronic Disease Anemia |
|
|
Term
Patient: Life long vegetarian (no dairy either) with stomach problems and tingling extremities
MCV: 120 fL
RBC Morphology: Macro-ovalocytes
WBC Morphology: Hypersegmented Neutrophils
Other tests: Folate normal, B12: Decreased, Schilling test normal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Patient: Child with abdominal pain and poor mental development
RBC Morphology: Dimorphic cells with coarse basophilic stippling
MCV: 78 fL
Urine contains elevated porphyrins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Patient: Moderate anemia in person of SE Asian origin had target cells and the following electrophoresis:
Cellulose Acetate = heavy band only at C
Citrate: Heavy band only at A |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Patient: Child with slight jaundice. Positive family history.
RBC Morphology: Marked ovalocytes
Other Tests: Osmotic fragility began lysis at 0.70%; complete lysis at 0.50% salt concentration |
|
Definition
| Hereditary Elliptocytosis (Ovalocytosis) |
|
|
Term
Patient: Asian person with moderate hypo, micro anemia
Elevated Barts's hemoglobin on electrophoresis as well as H hemoglobin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Patient: Young woman with SLE (Lupus)
MCV: 90 fL
RBC Morphology: Moderate polychromasia and Slight spherocytes
Other Tests: Retics 5.5%, DAT Positive |
|
Definition
| AIHA (AutoImmune Hemolytic Anemia) |
|
|
Term
Patient: Jaundiced older patient
MCV: 104 fL
Retic 1%
Morphology: Slight Macrocytosis with many target cells
Liver enzymes: Abnormal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Patient: Black male developed anemia following prophylactic treatment for malaria
Hgb: 8.0 gm/dL
HCT: 24%
RBC: 2.50 x 10^6 / microliter
Retic 8%
Bilirubin: Increased
Osmotic Fragility: began lysis at 0.55%; complete lysis at 0.35% salt concentration
Supravital stain: round inclusions at periphery of RBC |
|
Definition
| Hemolytic G6Pd Deficiency |
|
|
Term
Patient: Health Adult of Greek Origin
Hgb: 12.0 gm/dL
HCT: 39%
RBC: 5.80 x 10^6 / microliter
Iron Studies: All normal
Kleihauer Stain: 8% of cells were dark pink
There were many target cells and basophilic stippling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tests for Macrocytic Anemia |
|
Definition
Schilling
Peripheral values and morphology
BM
Retic
Liver tests |
|
|
Term
| Tests for Microcytic Anemia |
|
Definition
Peripheral values and morphology (baso stipp and targets)
BM
Iron studies
Electrophoresis
RDW |
|
|
Term
| Tests for Normocytic, Normochromic |
|
Definition
Bili, LD,
Retics
Osmotic fragility
Enzyme assays (G6PD, PK)
Ham’s and Sugar water (or sucrose hemolysis)
Urine hemosiderin, haptoglobin (haptoglobin low in hemolytic anemia esp intravascular), free hemoglobin
DAT
Sickledex
Electrophoresis - interpret
Kleihauer |
|
|
Term
| Correlation: A few cells which vary from normal in size and shape is not considered pathologic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Correlation: Megaloblastic anemia (B12 or folate def); Liver disease; Reticulocytosis;
+ Myelodysplasia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Correlation: Iron deficiency; Thalassemia;
+ Sideroblastic anemia;
+ Chronic disease;
+ Pb poisoning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Sideroblastic anemia; Non-specific anemia finding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Multiple myeloma; Liver disease; Chronic inflammation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Mycoplasma pneumonia; Infectious mono |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Hereditary Ovalocytosis (VERY Increased); Fe Deficiency; Macro-ovalocytes in Megaloblastic Anemia |
|
Definition
| Ovalocyte/Elliptocyte (Poikilocytosis) |
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Sickle Cell Disease |
|
Definition
| Drepanocyte (Sickle Cell) |
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Post-Spenectomy; Liver Disease; Abetalipoproteinemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Dehydration; Uremia; Artifact |
|
Definition
| Echniocytes (Burr, Crenated) |
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Microangiopathic conditions (DIC, TTP); Defective Heart Valve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Myelofibrosis; Enlarged Spleen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Iron Deficiency; Thalassemia; usually with Microcytosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Increased RBC Regeneration |
|
Definition
| Polychromasia (Reticulocytes) |
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Hereditary Spherocytosis; Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Hemoglobinopathies; Liver Disease; Fe deficiency; Post Splenectomy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Artifact; Hereditary Stomatocytosis; Alcoholic Liver Disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Post Splenectomy; Hemolytic Anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Thalassemia; Pb Poisoning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Defective Fe Metabolism; Sideroblastic; Hemochromatosis |
|
Definition
| Pappenheimer Bodies (Siderocyte) |
|
|
Term
| Correlation: G-6-PD Deficiency; Unstable Hemoglobins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Megaloblastic Anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Hemoglobin C Disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Malaria (P. Vivax and Falciparum most common); Falciparum most serious |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Correlation: Myelophthistic Anemia; Hemolytic Anemia; Few normal in neonates; M6 Leukemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inclusion Description: Usually 1 dark blue to purple, round to oval, 0.5-1.5 μm, DNA inclusion inside a RBC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inclusion Description: Numerous, fairly even distributed, dark blue to purple, fine or coarse punctate granules composed of RNA inside a RBC. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inclusion Description: Usually one cluster of light blue fine irregular granules often at the periphery of the RBC composed or iron. |
|
Definition
| Pappenheimer Bodies (Siderocytes) |
|
|
Term
| Inclusion Description: Dark blue to purple precipitated hemoglobin on the inside of a mature RBC. Can be single or multiple. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inclusion Description: Dark blue to purple inclusions in a RBC in the shape of a loop, ring, or figure eight. Thought to be composed of the remnants of mitotic spindles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inclusion Description: 1 Hexagonal dark red inclusion inside a RBC composed of Hemoglobin C. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Inclusion Description: May appear:
with merozoites inside the membrane, as a trophozoite with stippling, banana-shaped gametocyte or ring-shaped gametocyte, or may have platelets inside the central pallor of the RBC. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inclusion Description: Normally is an immature erythrocyte. It should be smaller than a small lymphocyte. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of anemia with this mechanism: Destruction of stem cells (pluripotential); toxic; chloramphenicol; chemicals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of anemia with this mechanism: Antibody or virus to RBC committed stem maturation and ineffective production; aka sideroblastic pre-leukemia or refractory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of anemia with this mechanism: Clonal proliferation of stem cells with incomplete maturation and ineffective production; aka sideroblastic pre-leukemia or refractory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of anemia with this mechanism: Decreased erythropoietin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of anemia with this mechanism: Bleeding, folate low, shortened survival |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of anemia with this mechanism: Infections, malignancy, auto-immune; macrophages don't release Fe after cell destruction because are stimulated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of anemia with this mechanism: Marrow infiltration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of anemia with this mechanism: Vessel collapse; shock 10% no symptoms, 20% start symptoms, 30-40% Shock, 50% Death |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of anemia with this mechanism: Trauma to cells; Intravascular hemolysis |
|
Definition
| March Hburia/Sports Anemia |
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Pancytopenia; empty marrow; BM transplant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: NC/NC anemia; crisis in hemolytic anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: MCV Increased, megaloblastoid, ringed sideroblast, iron high, dimorphic red cells, support therapy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: NC/NC, may have slightly decreased MCV, echinocytes, give erythropoietin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Increased MCV, Target Cells, High liver enzyme |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: NC/NC, may have slightly decreased MCV, serum Fe and TIBC Decreased, Storage Fe Increased, treat underlying condition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Leukoerythroblastic, NC/NC; malignant cells in BM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: H&H NOT Decreased for 20-60 hours; NC/NC; Increased retic on recovery (occasionaly an increased MCV) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Mild; No treatment |
|
Definition
| March Hburia/Sports Anemia |
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Fragments; helmets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Schistocytes; treat primary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Malaria most common lytic anemia in world |
|
Definition
| Physical, Organisms, Chemicals |
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Spherocytes; polychromasia, Increased Osmotic Fragility, splenectomy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: VERY Increased Ovalocytes; less serious than HS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Heinz Bodies; low or absent enzymes; avoid oxidant drugs (primiquine, sulfas) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Echinocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Pancytopenia; red urine; sucrose positive, Ham's test positive; urine hemosiderin positive, treat with washed cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Spherocytes, polychromasia, DAT Positive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Agglutination; cold agglutination titer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Prevention; free Hb can damage kidneys |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Heart Valves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Cells fragmented by fibrin (TTP, DIC, HUS) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Heat, d-H20; venoms; cells removed by spleen or C3 destruction |
|
Definition
| Physical, Organisms, Chemicals |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Inherited defect in spectrin; decreased cell surface & cell removed by spleen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Defect in horizontal bonds in membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Sex-linked decrease in enzymes, oxidant drugs cause Hb to denature and ppt; removed by spleen; black males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Reduced ATP Production; |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Clonal stem cell disorder with cells sensitive to complement lysis; intravascular hemolysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Seond degree to autoimmune or idiopathic; auto anti to red cells; when spleen tries to removed causes spherocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: After IM or Mycoplasma pneumonia, Anti I or i, Interferes with electronic counters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Transfusions; HDN; splenic removal or complement lysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Sickle cells; Hb electrophoresis; sickledex positive, serious disease trait RBCs Okay |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: C crystals, target cells, electrophoresis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Target cells, travels with C on cellulose and A on citrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Hypo, micro, target cells, basophilic stippling, Increase in A2 and F on electrophoresis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Hypo, micro, Barts Hb or Hb H |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Carrier: 15-35% F, Homozygous: 100% F, no clinical symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Electrophoresis |
|
Definition
| Combinations S/B Thalassemia, S/C |
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Macrocytic anemia with pancytopenia; hypersegmented neutrophils |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Features in BM; replace vitamin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of Anemia: Hypo, micro, Increased TIBC & RDW, Decreased Serum Fe & Ferritin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Chronic Blood loss (most common), diet, poor absorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Beta chain substitution; cells from rods at low Oxygen levels and ppt out to block small vessels, removed by spleen, auto-recessive, blacks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Beta chain substitution, milder than sickle cell, blacks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Beta chain substitution, mild hemolytic anemia, SE Asians |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Beta chains reduced or absent, increased alpha chains ppt in cell, abnormal RNA, Mediterraneans and SE Asians and Blacks; major = homo, minor = hetero |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Deletion in 1-4 genes; range from no abnormalities to always fatal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Switch from fetal to adult does not occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Variable clinical mechanisms |
|
Definition
| Combinations of S/B Thalassemia; S/C |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Increased - polycythemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Decreased - cyanosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: Defective DNA synthesis from inadequate B12 or Folate; poor diet, absorption or use of vitamin; |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Anemia: B12 has neurologic symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anemias requiring BM Studies |
|
Definition
| Megaloblastic Anemia & Sideroblastic Anemia |
|
|
Term
| In BM Study what do you look for in Megaloblastic Anemia or Sideroblastic Anemia? |
|
Definition
M- asynchrony; hypersegmented neutrophils; giant metamyelocytes; absent iron using Prussian Blue stain
S-Ringed sideroblasts on Prussian Blue Stain |
|
|
Term
Normal MCV if retic is:
high =
low or normal = |
|
Definition
high = hemolysis or bleed
Low or normal = hypoplastic |
|
|
Term
| High MCV if not megaloblastic = |
|
Definition
| Liver, reticulocytosis, or myelodysplastic syndromes |
|
|
Term
| If a value is close to normal it probably is ___________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Megaloblastic Anemia - Defect is in DNA replication from a depletion of ______ ___, an immediate DNA precursor, causes retarded nuclear maturation and mitosis with fewer divisions making cells larger and have abnormal nuclear appearances |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ & _______ are required cofactors in synthesis of thymidine triphosphate and subsequently DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lack of intrinsic factor, caused by autoimmune disorder with autoantibodies produced to parietal cells, diagnose with anti-parietal cells assay, usually treatment required for life. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lab results: Decreased RBC, WBC, PLT, & Retic count. Increased MCV, marco-ovalocytes, hypersegmented neurophils, |
|
Definition
| B12 and Folate (possibly Pernicious Anemia as well) |
|
|
Term
| RDW ^, Serum Fe v, TIBC ^, Ferritin v, FEP ^, Normal Electrophoresis, Absent Marrow Fe, Sideroblasts Absent, hypo, micro, rare target, anisocytosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RDW Normal, Serum Fe Normal, TIBC Normal, Ferritin Normal, FEP Normal, A2 & F ^ Electrophoresis, Iincreased Marrow Fe, Sideroblasts Increased, hypo, micro, many target cells, basophilic stippling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RDW Normal, Serum Fe v, TIBC v, Ferritin ^, FEP ^, Normal Electrophoresis, Increased Marrow Fe, Sideroblasts Decreased, hypo, micro, also may be NC/NC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RDW Increased, Serum Fe ^, TIBC Normal, Ferritin ^, FEP v, Normal Electrophoresis, Increased Marrow Fe, Sideroblasts Increased & Ringed, hypo, micro, dimorphic, pappenheimer bodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RDW Normal, Serum Fe Normal, TIBC Normal, Ferritin Normal, FEP ^, Normal Electrophoresis, Increased Marrow Fe, Sideroblasts Normal, hypo, micro, coarse stippling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 Causes of IDA (Iron Deficiency Anemia) |
|
Definition
*Diet
*Malabsorption
*Increased loss - CHRONIC GI BLEED & MENSTRUATION (most common), ulcers, malignancies, hemorrhoids
*Increased Need - pregnancy and rapid growth
*Combination of issues |
|
|
Term
| List the Sequence of development of anemia (4 steps) |
|
Definition
1. Stores depleted
2. Iron deficient erythropoiesis
3. Hemoglobin and Hematocrit depletion
4. Symptoms appear |
|
|
Term
| What anemia is associated with pica? |
|
Definition
IDA
Pica = eating things not normally considered as food |
|
|
Term
What is Hemosiderosis?
Hemochromatosis? |
|
Definition
Iron Overload / Increased Fe in reticuloendothelial cells
Excess iron is stored in the liver. May be inherited, due to long term cirrhosis, or long term transfusions |
|
|
Term
Stimulated macrophages will NOT release iron after normal breakdown in the spleen.
Macrophages produce a protein called apoferritin that binds iron to form ferritin.
If apoferritin is increased, iron will stay bound and remain in the macrophage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Low MCV with Coarse basophilic stippling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 things must be examined to differentiate the hypochromic microcytic anemias from each other? |
|
Definition
Peripheral Blood Smear
Iron Studies
Bone Marrow |
|
|
Term
| Relative Reticulocyte Count Formula |
|
Definition
| % retic = (# of retics / 1000 RBC) x 100 |
|
|
Term
Absolute Retic Count
Normal Values? |
|
Definition
= % retic x RBC
25-75 x 10^9 / Liter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
= % retic x (patient Hct / Normal Hct)
Normal Hct = 45 |
|
|
Term
| Reticulocyte Production Index (RPI) |
|
Definition
| = corrected retic / matural time in days |
|
|
Term
| Three types of Non-Immune Hemolytic Anemia |
|
Definition
March Hemoglobinuria
Microangiopathic Anemia
Chemical, Physical Ages, Microorganisms |
|
|
Term
| What should you see when you test for Hemolytic Anemia? |
|
Definition
*Increased Unconjugated bilirubin
*Increased LD
*Reticulocytosis
*Bone Marrow red cell hyperplasia
*MCV normal or slightly increased
*Decreased Haptoglobin
*Decreased Hematocrit unless anemia is compensated
*Increaed urine and stoll urobilinogen |
|
|
Term
| Abnormal Tests for Intravascular Hemolysis |
|
Definition
| Intravascular: Increased urine hemosiderin and Increased urine Hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
Specific Test for Specific Diseases
1. DAT
2.Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
3.Heinz bodies; G6Pd assay
4.Osmotic Fragility
5.Sucrose Hemolysis & Ham's test
6. Blood smear |
|
Definition
1. Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
2.Hemoglobinopathies
3. G6Pd
4. Hereditary spherocytosis and elliptocytosis
5.PNH
6. All Hemolytic Anemias |
|
|
Term
| In Hb C Disease _____ is substituted for _____ _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The most common single gene disorder in humans
Due to a reduced rate of a globin chain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Genetic disorder resulting in abnormal amount of function of mRNA
Reduced or absent Beta chain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
prognosis 3 gene deletion Alpha Thalassemia?
4 gene deletion? |
|
Definition
3 gene deletion - severe hemolytic anemia / Hg H Disease
4 gene deletion - death
Asian |
|
|
Term
| What is the common cause of folate deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is increased in hemochromatosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which anemia is found in mononucleosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Migration of Hemoglobin in Electrophoresis from Anode to Cathode: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What defects were discussed that may cause hemolytic anemia? |
|
Definition
| Membrane, enzyme, complement, and abnormal globin chains |
|
|
Term
| What % of transferring is bound to Iron? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of agar is used during hemoglobin electrophoresis to differentiate between Hb A and F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will the BM in anemia indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Thalassemia is more serious? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which anemia type is found in liver disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which group of anemias has the most polychromasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the composition of the following inclusions:
H-J body
Retic
Heinz body
Pappenheimer body
NRBC
C crystal |
|
Definition
HJ - DNA
Retic - RNA
Heinz - precipitated hemoglobin
Papp- iron
NRBC - DNA
C Crystal - Precipitated hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
| 2 systemic diseases that affect BM |
|
Definition
Solid metastasizing tumors that have spread to the bone marrow (cancer Hodgkin's)
Fever of unknown origin (Granulomas, TB, Fungal infection) |
|
|
Term
| Hereditary disease that affects BM |
|
Definition
| Storage pool diseases (Gauchers) |
|
|
Term
| Can you perform a differential from a BM biopsy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of the differential count will be compromised of myelocytes, metamyelocytes, bands, and segs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 types of Intracellular Hemolytic Anemia Hereditary Defects |
|
Definition
*Red Cell Membrane defects
*Enzyme defects
*Hemoglobinopathies
*Thalassemia |
|
|
Term
| Intracellular Hemolytic Anemia Acquired Defect |
|
Definition
| Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) |
|
|
Term
| 4 types of Hemolytic Anemia Hereditary Defects |
|
Definition
*Red Cell Membrane defects
*Enzyme defects
*Hemoglobinopathies
*Thalassemia |
|
|
Term
| Hemolytic Anemia Acquired Defect |
|
Definition
| Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) |
|
|
Term
| 7 Extracellular Hemolytic Anemia Defects |
|
Definition
*Immune hemolytic anemia
*Infections
*Chemicals and toxins
*Physical agents
*Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
*Hypersplenism
*General systemic disorders |
|
|
Term
Acquired intracellular and intravascular Hemolytic anemia defect
Abnormality of hematopoietic cell membranes
Caused by somatic mutation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In PNH, RBCs are more sensitive to lytic action of _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PNH is Deficient in ____ ____ ____ & __ __ |
|
Definition
| Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF) & C8 |
|
|
Term
| 2 Screening Tests for PNH |
|
Definition
Sucrose Hemolysis Test (Sugar Water Test)
Acidified Serum Lysis Test (Ham's Test) |
|
|
