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Hematology and Oncology
Pathology
154
Pathology
Graduate
01/17/2014

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
birbeck granules (tennis rackets)
Definition
langerhans histiocytosis
Term
S-100 and CD1a positive
Definition
langerhans histiocytosis
Term
cels are immature and do not stimulate T cells
Definition
langerhans histiocytosis
Term
acanthocyte
Definition
liver dx, abetalipoproteinemia
Term
basophilic stippling
Definition
thalassemia, anemia of chronic disease, iron deficiency, lead poisoning
Term
bite cell
Definition
G6PD deficiency
Term
elliptocyte
Definition
hereditary
Term
macro-ovalocyte
Definition
megaloblastic, marrow failure
Term
ringed sideroblasts
Definition
sideroblastic anemia
Term
schistocyte
Definition
DIC, TTP, HUS, traumatic hemolysis
Term
spherocyte
Definition
hereditary spherocytosis, autoimmune hemolysis
Term
teardrop cell
Definition
myelofibrosis
Term
target cell
Definition
thalassemia, HbC dx, asplenia, liver dx
Term
heinz body
Definition
G6Pd deficiency; iron oxidation -> denatured Hb
Term
howell jolly body
Definition
nuclear remnants; asplenia
Term
ferrochelatase and ALA dehydratase
Definition
lead poisoning
Term
increased protoporphyrin
Definition
lead poisoning
Term
microcytic anemia, HA, memorry loss, demyelination
Definition
lead poisoning
Term
prophobilinogen deaminase
Definition
acute intermittent porphyria
Term
painful abdomen, polyneuropathy, psych disturbances, red wind colored urine
Definition
acute intermittent porphyria
Term
uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
Definition
porphyria cutanea tarda
Term
blistering photosensitivity
Definition
phorphyria cutanea tarda
Term
hemophilia A deficiency
Definition
8
Term
hemophilia B deficiency
Definition
9
Term
PT
Definition
exrinsic
Term
PTT
Definition
intrinsic
Term
PT vs PTT: hemophilia
Definition
PTT
Term
PT vs PTT: vit K deficiency
Definition
both
Term
types of hereditary thrombosis
Definition
factor 5 leiden, prothrombin gene mutation, antithrombin deficiency, protein C and S deficiency
Term
most common cause of inherited hypergoaculability
Definition
factor 5 leiden
Term
relative polycythemia
Definition
decreased plasma volume
Term
appropriate absolute polycythemia labs
Definition
increased RBC mass, decreased o2 sat
Term
causes of appropriate absolute polycythemia
Definition
lung dx, congenital heart disease, high altitude
Term
inappropriate absolute polycythemia labs
Definition
increased RBC mass
Term
causes of inappropriate absolute polycythemia
Definition
RCC, wilm's, HCC, hydronephrosis, increased EPO
Term
polycythemia vera labs
Definition
increased plasma volume, super increased RBC mass
Term
causes of iron deficiency anemia
Definition
chronic bleeding, malnutrition/absorption disorders, increased demand (pregnancy)
Term
microcytic anemias
Definition
iron deficiency, ACD, thalassemia, lead poisoning, sideroblastic
Term
normocytic nonhemolytic anemias
Definition
ACD, aplastic anemis, kidney disease
Term
Causes of intrinsic hemolytic anemia
Definition
hereditary spherocytosis, G6PD, PK, HbC, sickle cell, PNH
Term
extrinsic hemolytic anemia
Definition
autommune, MIHA, MAHA, infections
Term
megaloblastic anemias
Definition
folate, B12, orotic aciduria
Term
nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemias
Definition
liver disease, alcoholism, reticulocytosis, metabolic disorders, drugs
Term
Hb Barts
Definition
gamma-4; 4 deletions
Term
HbH disease
Definition
beta-4; 3 gene deletion
Term
african and asian
Definition
alpha-thalassemia
Term
beta-thalassemia minor
Definition
asymptomatic, increased HbA2
Term
beta-thalassemia major
Definition
severe anemia, marrow expansion (crew cut, chipmunk facies
Term
increased HbF
Definition
alpha-2-gamma-2
Term
symptoms of lead poisoning
Definition
lead lines, encephalopathy, erythrocyte basophilic stippling, abdominal colic, sideroblastic anemia, wrist and foot drop
Term
MOA of lead poisoning
Definition
inhibits ferrochelatase and ALA dehydratase
Term
tx of adult lead poisoning
Definition
EDTA, succimer
Term
tx of child lead poisoning
Definition
EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer
Term
causes of sideroblastic anemia
Definition
X-linked defect in ALA synthase; alcohol, lead
Term
ringed sideroblasts
Definition
sideroblastic anemia
Term
hypersegmented neutrophils
Definition
folate and b12 deficiency
Term
causes of folate deficiency
Definition
malnutrition, malabsorption, impaired metabolism, increased requirement
Term
causes of B12 deficiency
Definition
insufficient intake, malabsorption, pernicious anemia, fish tapeworm
Term
neuro symptoms in B12 deficiency
Definition
peripheral neuropathy, posterior columns, lateral corticospinal and dementia
Term
drugs that can cause macrocytic anemias
Definition
5FU, AZT, hydroxyurea
Term
decreased haptoglobin, increased LDH, hemoglobin in urine
Definition
intravascular hemolysis
Term
caused by aortic stenosis or prosthetic valves
Definition
intravascular hemolysis
Term
increased LDH plus jaundice
Definition
extravascular hemolysis
Term
macrophages cleared in spleen
Definition
extravascular hemolysis
Term
dec: iron, TIBC
inc: ferritin
Definition
ACD
Term
dec: iron, ferritin
inc: TIBC
Definition
iron deficiency anemia
Term
pancytopenia with hypo cellular bone marrow
Definition
aplastic anemia
Term
causes of aplastic anemia
Definition
radiation, drugs, viral agents, fanconi's, idiopathic
Term
cause of anemia in kidney disease
Definition
dec erythropoeitin
Term
defect in spctrin, ankyrin, band 3
Definition
hereditary spherocytosis
Term
inc MCHC
Definition
hereditary spherocytosis
Term
splenomegaly, aplastic anemia
Definition
hereditary spherocytosis
Term
hereditary spherocytosis tx
Definition
splenectomy
Term
increased susceptibility to oxidant stress
Definition
G6PD deficiency
Term
decreased glutathione, Heinze bodies
Definition
G6PD deficiency
Term
rigid RBCs in newborns
Definition
pyruvate kinase deficiency
Term
glutamiate -> lysine
Definition
HbC
Term
increased complement mediated hemolysis
Definition
PNH
Term
increased urine hemosiderin
Definition
PNH
Term
defect in PNH
Definition
DAF
Term
glutamate -> valine
Definition
sickle cell
Term
complications of sickle cell
Definition
aplastic crisis, autosplenectomy, salmonella osteomyelitis, painful crisis, renal papillary necrosis, microhematuria
Term
causes of sickling
Definition
low O2 or dehydration
Term
warm agglutinin
Definition
IgG; CLL, SLE or alpha-methyldopa
Term
cold agglutinin
Definition
IgM, CLL, mycoplasma, EBV
Term
direct coombs
Definition
Ig added to patients RBCs
Term
indirect coombs
Definition
RBC added to patients serum
Term
microangiopathic aemia
Definition
DIC, TTP, HUS, SLE and malignant HTN
Term
macroangiopathic anemia
Definition
prosthetic heart valves, and aortic stenosis
Term
infectious causes of extrinsic anemia
Definition
malaria, Babesia
Term
inc: iron, ferritin
dec: TIBC
Definition
hemochromatosis
Term
dec: TIBC
inc: iron
Definition
lead poisioning
Term
bernard-soulier
Definition
GpIb defect
Term
glanzmann
Definition
GpIIb/IIIa defect
Term
defect in ITP
Definition
anti-GpIIb/IIIa ab
Term
increased megakaryocytes
Definition
ITP
Term
TTP deficiency
Definition
ADAMTS 13 defect
Term
chistocytes and inc LDH
Definition
TTP
Term
TTP pentad
Definition
neuro, renal, fever, thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Term
HUS symptoms
Definition
hemolysis, uremia, thrombocytopenia
Term
increased BT and PTT
Definition
vWF disease
Term
vWF disease treatment
Definition
DDAVP (desmopressin)
Term
causes of DIC
Definition
sepsis, trauma, obstetric, pancreatitis, malignancy, nephrotic, transfusion
Term
effect of packed RBCs
Definition
increases Hb and O2 carrying capacity
Term
use of packed RBCs
Definition
acute blood loss, severe anemia
Term
effect of platelet infusion
Definition
increased platelet count
Term
use of platelet transfusion
Definition
stop bleeding
Term
effect of FFP
Definition
increased coagulation factor levels
Term
uses of FFP
Definition
DIC, cirrhosis, warfarin overdose
Term
effect of cryoprecipitate
Definition
has fibrinogen, factor VIII and XIII
Term
use of cryoprecipitate
Definition
coagulation factor deficiencies
Term
leukemia vs. lymphoma
Definition
leukemia= neoplasm in blood
lymphoma= neoplasm in lymph node
Term
Hodgkins lymphoma vs non-hodgkin
Definition
Hodgkin= RS cells, B symptoms, mediastinal LAD, 50% EBV,
Non-hodgkin= HIV and immunosupression, multiple peripheral nodes, B cells, 20-40
Term
RS cells
Definition
binucleate, owl's eyes, CD30+ and CD15+
Term
nodular sclerosing hodgkins
Definition
most common, increased lymph, collagen banding and lacunar cells
Term
mixed cellularity type
Definition
numerous RS cells
Term
lymphocyte predominant
Definition
excellent prognosis, <35 y/o males
Term
Hodgkin lymphoma: lymphocyte depleted
Definition
poor prognosis, older men with disseminated disease
Term
starry sky appearance
Definition
burkitt lymphoma
Term
endemia vs sporadic burkit
Definition
endemic = africa on jaw
sporadic = pelvis or abdomen
Term
most common non-hodgkin lymphoma
Definition
diffuse large B cell
Term
poor prognosis if CD5+
Definition
mantle cell
Term
CCD1
Definition
mantle cell
Term
bcl2 expression
Definition
follicular lymphoma
Term
cutaneous lesions with HTLV-1
Definition
adult t cell lymphoma
Term
cutaneous CD4 NHL
Definition
sezary syndrome/mycoses fungoides
Term
symptoms of multiple myeloma
Definition
hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, and bone lytic lesions/back pain
Term
bence jones protein
Definition
multiple myeloma
Term
roueleauv formation
Definition
RBC stacked like poker chips in multiple myeloma
Term
MGUS
Definition
no symptoms of M spike
Term
>20% blasts
Definition
acute leukemia
Term
t(12;21)
Definition
ALL
Term
TdT+
Definition
ALL
Term
age <15
Definition
ALL
Term
age >60
Definition
CLL
Term
smudge cells
Definition
CLL
Term
associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Definition
CLL
Term
TRAP+
Definition
hairy cell
Term
hairlike projections
Definition
hairy cel lluekemia
Term
auer rods
Definition
AML
Term
t(15;17)
Definition
AML
Term
responds to ATRA
Definition
AML
Term
leukemia that presents as DIC
Definition
AML
Term
t(9;22)
Definition
CML
Term
bcr-abl (philidelphia)
Definition
CML
Term
blast crisis
Definition
CML
Term
responds to imatinib
Definition
CML
Term
t(8;14)
Definition
burkitt
Term
t(14;18)
Definition
follicular
Term
t(11;22)
Definition
ewing
Term
t(11;14)
Definition
mantle cell
Term
positive JAK2 mutation
Definition
PCV, essential thrombocytosis, myelofibrosis
Term
clone of hematopoietic cells increasingly sensitive to grown factors
Definition
PCV
Term
fibrotic obliteration of bone marrow -> tear drop cells
Definition
myelofibrosis
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