Term
| What is considered a 'true' bruise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 'cleans up' a bruise? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is released when bruises are cleaned up? |
|
Definition
| 1) hemoglobin (red) 2) bilirubin (yellow) 3) hemosiderin (brown) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the immediate reaction to damaged blood vessels? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is primary hemostasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is secondary hemostasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anti-thrombotic counter-regulation |
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|
Term
| Name 3 steps of platelet activation |
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Definition
| adhesion, release of intracellular granules, aggregation of platelets |
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|
Term
| What is the coagulation cascade? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the final product of coagulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is intrinsic initation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is extrinsic initiation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 types of coagulation blood tests? |
|
Definition
| platelet count, Partial Thromoboplastin Time (PTT), Prothrombin Time (PT), Bleeding time |
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Term
|
Definition
| Partial thromboplastin time, it is intrinsic |
|
|
Term
| What are the clotting factors of the intrinsic pathway we must know? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the extrinsic clotting factors we must know? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where can RBC's be damaged? |
|
Definition
| At bifurcation of blood vessels "hits the median" |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What is the major cause of BV wall fragility? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are secondary causes of BV wall fragility? |
|
Definition
| medications (glucocorticosteroids, penicillin, sulfa), Vit C deficiency |
|
|
Term
| What is Vit C related BV wall fragility called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is uncommon with BV wall fragility? |
|
Definition
| internal bleeding and anemia, this is usually limited to superficial bleeds |
|
|
Term
| What are the lab test results for BV wall fragility? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the result of Avitaminosis C? |
|
Definition
| decreased collagen formation --> weak vessels |
|
|
Term
| How long does scurvy take to develop? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is thrombocytopathia? |
|
Definition
| abnormal platelet FUNCTION |
|
|
Term
| What is primary thrombocytosis often associated with? |
|
Definition
| Seen with polycythemia vera |
|
|
Term
| What is another term for primary thrombocytosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another term for secondary thrombocytosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are causes of reactive thrombocytosis? |
|
Definition
| trauma, CANCER, blood loss, infections, inflammatory dx |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of thrombocytopenia? |
|
Definition
| Low platelet count, prolonged bleeting times, but normal PT and PTT |
|
|
Term
| What can cause decreased platelet production? |
|
Definition
| infections, drugs, anemia (B12 and folate deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| What can cause decreased platelet survival/increased destruction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura |
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of ITP? |
|
Definition
| autoimmune, anti-platelet Ab |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| steriods, sometimes splenectomy, platelet transfusions |
|
|
Term
| What are the main demographics of ITP? |
|
Definition
| Children 2-6 after a viral infection, women 20-40 years old |
|
|
Term
| What are the medications that can cause thrombocytopathia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two main types of coagulation disorders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an abnormal blood test result for hemophilia A |
|
Definition
| prolonged PTT, normal Von Willebrand Factor (vWF) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| X linked recessive, only seen in males, women only carriers |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment of hemophilia A? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What blood component can be genetically synthesized articficially? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Von Willebrand Factor, deficiency is Von Willebrand dx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Facilitates platelet adhesion to vessel |
|
|
Term
| What is a blood test sign of vWF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genetically, autosomal dominant, both sexes equally affected |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is vWF dx treatment? |
|
Definition
| plasma, factor VIII, vWF transfusions |
|
|
Term
| What causes hemophilia B? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the abnormal blood tests with Hem B? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| x-linked recessive trait, females are carriers, males affected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are vit K dependent factors made? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the blood test abnormalities of vit K deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can cause Vit K deficiency? |
|
Definition
| diet, malabsorption or liver failure |
|
|
Term
| How to treat Vit K deficiency? |
|
Definition
| fresh frozen plasma, vit K |
|
|
Term
| What does rattlesnake venom cause? |
|
Definition
| hemotoxin, neurotoxin, coagulopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood clot: Vessel wall injury, blood flow, hypercoagulability |
|
|
Term
| What is the major cause of thrombosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What initiates a thrombosis in BV? |
|
Definition
| Endothelial injury exposes collagen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are risk factors for DVT? |
|
Definition
| elderly, recent surgery, bedridden, cancer |
|
|
Term
| What is one way to find a DVT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are common thrombus treatments? |
|
Definition
| platelet inhibitors, anticoagulants, thrombolytics |
|
|
Term
| What are common platelet inhibitors? |
|
Definition
| Aspirin (ASA), NSAID's, Plavix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heparin (intrinsic)
warfarin (extrinsic) |
|
|
Term
| What does Heparin affect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clotting AND bleeding at the same time, hard to treat |
|
|
Term
| What is a clinical sign of DIC? |
|
Definition
| increased fibrin degradation products (FDP) |
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