Term
Erythropoiesis
(RBC Production) |
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Definition
lNormally in equilibrium with RBC destruction & loss
lLife span of an RBC is 120 days
lAlterations in erythropoiesis decrease RBC production
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Term
Classified as
Morphologic Anemia
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Definition
* Cellular characteristics
* Descriptive, objective laboratory information |
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Term
Classified as
Etiologic Anemia |
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Definition
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Term
Anemia clinical manifestation |
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Definition
* caused by the body's respone to tissue hypoxia
* Hemoglobin (Hb) levels are used to determine the severity of anemia |
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Term
Mild Anemia
clinical manifestations |
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Definition
Hb 10-14 g/dl
* may exist wihout sympotoms
* possible symptoms
-palpitation
-dyspnea
-diaphoresis |
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Term
moderate anemia
clinical manifestations |
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Definition
Hb 6-10 g/dl
* increased cardioplumonary symptoms
* experiences at rest and during activity |
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Term
Severe anemia
clinical manifestations
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Definition
* involve multiple body systems
integument
eyes
mouth
cardiovascular
pulmonary
neurologic
gastrointestinal
musculoskeletal |
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Term
anemia
integumentary manifestations |
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Definition
*pallor
- decreased hemoglobin
- decreased blood flow o the skin
*jaundice
- increased concentration of serum bilirubin
*pruritus
-increased serum and skin bile salt concentration |
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Term
anemia
cardioplumonary manifestation |
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Definition
*additional attempts by the heart and lungs to provide adequete O2 to the tissues
*cardiac output maintained by increasing the heart rate and stroke volume |
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Term
anemia
nursing assessment
sujective data |
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Definition
*imprtant health information
-past health history
-medications
-surgery or other treatments
*functional health patterns
-health perception-health management
-nutritional-metbolic
-elimination
-activity-exercise
-cognitive-perceptual
-sexuality-reproductive |
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Term
anemia
nursing assessment
objective data |
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Definition
*general
*integumentary
*respiratory
*cardiovascular
*gastrointestinal
*neurologic |
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Term
anemia
nursing management
goals |
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Definition
*assume normal activities of daily living
*maintain adequate nutrition
*develop no complications related to anemia |
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Term
anemia
nursing implementation |
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Definition
*dietary and lifestyle changes
*blood or blood product transfusions
*drug therapy
*oxygen therapy
*paient teaching
-nutrition intake
-compliance with drug therapy |
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Term
aniemia
gerontalogic considerations |
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Definition
*common in older adults
-chronic disease
-nutritional deficiencies
*signs and symptoms may go unrecognized or mistaken for normal again changes |
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Term
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Definition
*one of the most common hematologic disorders
*iron is present in all RBSs as heme in hemoglobin and in a stored form
*heme accounts for 2/3 of the body's iron |
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Term
iron-deficiency anemia
etiology |
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Definition
*inadequate dietary intake
-5-10% of ingested iron is absorbed
*Malabsorption
*blood loss
*hemolysis |
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Term
iron-deliciency anemia
clinical manifestation |
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Definition
*general manifestation of aniema
*pallor is the most coomon finding
*glossitis is the second most common
-inflammation of the tongu |
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Term
iron-deliciency anemia
Diagnostic studies |
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Definition
*laboratory findings
-Hb,Hct, MCV, MCHC, reticulocytes, serum iron, TIBC, bilirubin, platelets
*stool guaiac test
*colonoscopy |
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Term
iron-deliciency anemia
collaborative care |
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Definition
*goal is to treat the underlying disease
-increase intake of iron
-nutritonal therapy
-oral or occasional parenteral iron supplements
-transfusion of packed RBCs
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Term
iron-deliciency anemia
drug therapy |
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Definition
*oral iron
-inexpensive
-convenien
-factors to consider
enteric-coated or susained-release capsules are counterproductive
best absorbed ar ferrous sulfate in an acidic environment
liquid iorn shouldbe diluted and ingested through a straw
side effects
-heartburn, constipation, diarrhea |
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Term
iron-deliciency anemia
nursing management |
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Definition
*know at-risk groups
-permenopausal women
-pregnant women
-persons from low socioecomnomic background
-older adults
-individulas experiencing blood loss
*diet teaching
*discuss diagnostic studies
*emphasize compliance
*iro therapy for 2-3 months after the hemoglobin levels return to normal
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