Term
| Term for % of red cells in whole blood |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 types of white blood cells in the blood |
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Definition
Neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
lymphocytes
monocytes |
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Term
| Neutrophils are associated with what type of infection |
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Definition
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Term
| eosinophils are associated with what type of immune response |
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Definition
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Term
| Lymphocytes are associated with what type of infection |
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Definition
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Term
| Monocytes are associated with what type of infection |
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Definition
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Term
| clinical term for total occlusion of a vessel |
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Definition
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Term
| flame shaped hemorrhage with white center |
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Definition
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Term
| Systemic symptoms of Anemia |
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Definition
| Pallor, weakness, lethargy, dyspnea |
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Term
| Hemoglobin levels (in anemia) where retinal changes start to occur |
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Definition
| Concentration falls to half of the normal value |
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Term
| Name 4 manifestations of vascular occlusion in the retina |
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Definition
Flame shaped hemes
dot/blot hemes
Roth spots
Cotton wool spots |
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Term
| Where are boat hemorrhages located? |
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Definition
| Interface between retina and vitreous, blood has leaked through the ILM |
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Term
| Lack of which vitamin can cause anemia |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common type of anemia in the US |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 factors that contribute to anemia in women |
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Definition
Menstrual blood loss
inadequate intake
poor absorption |
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Term
| Pernicious Anemia is due to a lack of which substance in the body? |
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Definition
| Intrinsic factor, disrupts the ability to absorb Vitamin B12 |
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Term
| Treatment of Pernicious Anemia |
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Definition
| Sublingual/Parenteral vitamin supplements |
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Term
| 3 causes of Hemolytic anemia |
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Definition
| Infections Medications or autoimmune |
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Term
| Which body organ removes old and damaged RBCs from the blood |
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Definition
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Term
| Accumulation of which hemoglobin breakdown product 'causes' jaundice |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for anemia caused by the premature destruction of RBCs |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for anemia caused by an inefficiency to make enough RBCs due to bone marrow damage |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 causes of Aplastic Anemia |
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Definition
| Viral infection, toxic chemicals, medications, radiation |
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Term
| How is Sickle Cell Hemoglobin different from normal Hb? |
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Definition
| a mutation in one amino acid on the beta chain causes a sickle shape |
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Term
| What causes HbS (sickle cell) to distort into the characteristic shape |
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Definition
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Term
| Inheritance pattern of sickle cell disease |
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Definition
| Recessive, defect is co-dominant |
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Term
| 7 signs of sickle cell disease in a child |
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Definition
| Fatigue, breathlessness, rapid heart rate, delayed growth/puberty, susceptibility to infections, chest pain, decreased fertility |
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Term
| In Sickle Cell dz how does the retina respond to microvascular occlusions |
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Definition
| Makes shunt vessels between arterioles and small veins |
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Term
| How is a shunt vessel different from a collateral? |
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Definition
| Shunt=artery to vein, Collateral= artery to artery |
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Term
| Sea fan neo is associated with which disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Laser photocoagulation is a treatment for what sign of retinal disease |
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Definition
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Term
| What is primary polycythemia |
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Definition
| When the bone marrow overproduces blood cells (abnormal) |
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Term
| What is secondary polycythemia |
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Definition
| Overproduction of erythropoeitin by the kidneys causes increased production of erythrocytes |
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Term
| Some symptoms/signs of polycythemia |
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Definition
| fatigue, headaches, forgetfulness, vertigo, vascular congestion, red complexion, hypertension, hepatosplenomegaly, skin/mucous membrane hemorrhages |
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Term
| Ocular presentation of polycythemia |
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Definition
Bilateral amaurosis fugax
hemianopia
unformed hallucinations
blur |
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Term
| Clinical term for sudden, painless, temporary loss of vision |
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Definition
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Term
| What RBC count indicates risk for retinal changes in terms of polycythemia |
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Definition
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Term
| Polycythemia-how does this condition affect the appearance of BV in the retina |
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Definition
| Veins are more dilated than normal, vasculature appears tortuous |
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Term
| Clinical term for neoplastic proliferation of WBCs in bone marrow |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Myeloblastic or lymphoblastic |
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Term
| Which age ranges are mostly affected by lymphoblastic anemia |
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Definition
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Term
| Which age ranges are mostly affected by megaloblastic anemia |
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Definition
| Mostly adults, but can happen in all ages |
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Term
| What proportion of leukemia cases have ocular findings? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which form of leukemia has more ocular findings, acute or chronic? |
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Definition
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Term
| 7 vascular manifstations of leukemia |
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Definition
Venous dilatio
venous tortuosity
retinal hemorrhages
retinal exudates
cotton wool spots
optic nerve filtration
roth spots |
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Term
| Another term for pre-retinal hemorrhages |
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Definition
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Term
| Cancer involving increased IgM fraction of plasma |
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Definition
| Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia |
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Term
| Systemic findings associated with Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia |
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Definition
| Weakness, weight loss, recurrent infections, retinal hemorrhages, blurred vision |
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Term
| Retinal vascular disorder associated with increased triglyceride levels |
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Definition
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Term
| Approx. fasting glucose levels in lipemia retinalis |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal range of fasting glucose |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal range of serum cholesterol levels |
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Definition
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Term
| Approx cholesterol levels in Lipemia Retinalis |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal range of triglyceride levels |
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Definition
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Term
| Approx. triglyceride levels in Lipemia Retinalis |
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Definition
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Term
| Distinctive appearance of vessels associated with lipemia retinalis |
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Definition
| Salmon pink to ivory colored vessels due to high cholesterol levels |
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Term
| The only retinal change noted with lipemia retinalis |
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Definition
| change in color of vasculature |
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Term
| How does lipemia retinalis affect VA |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment of Lipemia Retinalis |
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Definition
| Diet and meds to reduce triglyceride levels |
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Term
| Which vascular disease tends to affect individuals from Japan and the Meditteranean area |
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Definition
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Term
| Triad associated with Behcet's Disease |
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Definition
Aphthous stomatitis
genital ulcers
recurrent hypopyon iritis |
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Term
| Posterior involvement of Behcet's Dz |
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Definition
| Disc Hyperemia, Cystoid Macular Edema, Ischemic Vasculitis, Deep exudation |
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Term
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Definition
| topical/periocular steroids, oral steroids or immunosuppresives, photocoagulation |
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Term
| Description of uveitis associated with Behcet's dz |
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Definition
| chronic, bilateral and recurrent |
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Term
| 2 organs mostly affected by sarcoidosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common initial symptoms of sarcoidosis |
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Definition
| persistent dry cough, fatigue, shortness of breath |
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Term
| Indicated diagnostic test of sarcoidosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Calcium levels in sarcoidosis |
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Definition
| Abnormal calcium metabolism results in hypercalcemia |
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Term
| Sarcoidosis: 8 forms of ocular involvement |
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Definition
| chronic dacryoadenitis, granulomatis anterior uveitis, conjunctival lesions, vitiritis (pearl strings), periphlebitis/candle wax drippings, retinal vein occlusions/hemorrhages, disc edema, ON granulomas |
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Term
| 3 characteritics of granulomatous uveitis in sarcoid |
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Definition
| Bilateral , mutton fat KPs, iris nodules |
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Term
| 6 important complications to manage in sarcoid pt |
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Definition
| Dry Eye, Cataracts (uveitis and steroids), Anterior Uveitis, Seondary Glaucoma,Disc edema, neo |
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Term
| What proprotion of sarcoidosis cases are fatal |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 ethinicities that have a higher incidence of SLE than Caucasians |
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Definition
| African, American Indian, Asian |
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Term
| 7 diagnostic features of SLE |
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Definition
4+ of
Malar Rash
Discoid rash
Photosensitivity/sun rash
oral ulcers
arthritis
serositis
renal disorder/proteinurea |
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Term
| Most diagnostic test for SLE currently available |
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Definition
| ANA (Anti-nuclear Antibody) |
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Term
| 6 drug types used in treatment of SLE |
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Definition
NSAIDS
Acetaminophen
Steroids
Antimalarials
Immunomodulators
Anticoagulants |
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