Term
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Definition
always maintains the characteristics of where it started
spreads by direct invasion into surrounding tissues
spreads through lymphatic system
spreads through the blood
the LUNGS, LIVER, AND BONES are the most common sites of distant metastases |
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Term
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Definition
breaks tumor into 3 components:
T (Tumor)
N (lymph Nodes)
M (distant Metastases)
overall stage is determined by a combination of the various combinations of the individual components
0 = carcinoma in situ
I = small tumor (T1 or T2, N0, M0)
II = larger tumor (T3 or T4, N0, M0)
III = lymph node involvement (Tany, N1-3, M0)
IV = distant metastasis (Tany, Nany, M1) |
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Term
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Definition
I = T1-2, N0, M0
II = T3-4, N0, M0
III = Tany, N1-2, M0
IV = Tany, Nany, M1 |
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Term
| known medications to prevent cancer |
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Definition
tamoxifen (breast cancer)
raloxefene (breast cancer)
aspirin and NSAIDs (colorectal cancer)
HPV vaccine (cervical, anal, head/neck cancer) |
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Term
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Definition
biggest questions for screening are:
does it impact survival?
is it cost effective?
American Cancer Society recommends:
prostate cancer
breast cancer
colorectal cancer
cervical cancer |
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Term
| treatment terminology: intent |
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Definition
curative: goal is to totally eliminate any cancer
palliation: goal is to improve symptoms and prolong life |
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Term
| treatment terminology: response |
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Definition
complete response: no signs of any remaining tumor after completion of therapy = remission
partial response: tumor has decreased in size, but some cancer remains (at least 50% decrease)
stable disease: tumor decreased minimally (<50% decrease) or not at all, no increase in tumor size
no response: tumor has grown despite therapy = refractory |
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Term
| important surgery concepts |
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Definition
complete resection = no visible remaining tumor
partial resection = some tumor remains after surgery
margins = area around the visible tumor (looks normal, but do not know for sure until pathologic evaluation) |
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Term
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Definition
external beam radiation (EBRT): use linear accelerator to produce high energy X-rays or gamma rays; outside source of radiation which is directed at the patient; most common form of radiation
internal radiation (brachytherapy)
systemic radiation (radio pharmaceuticals)
energy comes from breakdown of radioactive isotopes |
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Term
| origin and immunogenicity: mu |
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Definition
human
very low immunogenicity |
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Term
| origin and immunogenicity: zu |
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Definition
humanized
low immunogenicity |
|
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Term
| origin and immunogenicity: xi |
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Definition
chimeric
high immunogenicity |
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Term
| origin and immunogenicity: mo |
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Definition
mouse
very high immunogenicity |
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