Term
| Describe clinical symptoms of anemia: |
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Definition
decreased O2 capacity-tissue hypoxia
physiological effects:
decreased Hgb oxygen affinity
decreased tissue perfusion
increased cardiac output
increased RBC production
increased erythropoietin
increased HR and RR |
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Term
| List the procedures that are commonly performed for the detection & diagnosis of anemia |
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Definition
1)CBC: WBC, RBC, Hgb, Hct, Platelet
RBC Indices-> MCV, MCH, MCHC
RDW (red cell distribution width- degree of anisocytosis)
2)Reticulocyte count- increases w/ increased RBC production
-Ass. w/ bone marrow activity
-circulate 1-1.5 days
3)Blood Smear examination- looking at red cell morphology (size, color, shape, inclusions)
4)Bone marrow examination- only done if pt. is not responding to therapy
-morphologic patterns of RBC's & WBC's
-megakaryocytes
-myeloid to erythroid ration (norm. 4:1)
-special stains (ex. Prussian blue- papenheimers-iron) |
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Term
| Explain the two general classifications of anemic states |
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Definition
Morphologic- size of red cell
Pathophysiologic-describes basic mechanism causing anemia |
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Term
| Characterize the three morphologic groups of anemia that are based on the mean cell volume & give one example of each. |
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Definition
1)Normocytic- Normal MCV, MCH, MCHC (ex. G6PD def.)
2)Microcytic- Decreased MCV, MCH, MCHC (ex. iron def. anemia)
3)Macrocytic- Increased MCV, MCH, MCHC (ex. aplastic anemia) |
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Term
| Calculate the erythrocyte indices: |
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Definition
MCV=Hctx10/RBC=fl
Norm. 80-90fl
(size)
MCH=Hgbx10/RBC=pg
Norm. 27-32pg
(color)
MCHC=Hgbx100/Hct=% or g/dl
Norm. 32-36%
(average concentration of Hgb in RBC's |
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Term
| Classify erythrocytes according to size and hemoglobin content, using results of RBC indices |
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Definition
Decreased MCV, MCH, MCHC
microcytic, hypochromic
Normal MCV, MCH, MCHC
normocytic, normochromic
Increased MCV, MCH, normal MCHC
macrocytic normochromic
increased MCH & MCHC->ass. w/ only spherocytosis |
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Term
| Describe the use of the red blood cell distribution width in the classification of anemias |
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Definition
-measures the degree of anisocytosis
(variation in diameter/vol/size) |
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Term
| Describe the three major categories on the basis of pathology |
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Definition
1)Decrease production of RBC
>stem cell disorder/Hgb synthesis (ex. b12 def.)
2)Increase destruction of RBC
>membrane defect/enzyme deficiency/globin abnormality (ex. G6PD def./thalassemia)
3)Blood loss
>acute/chronic |
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