hematuria

squamous cell carcinoma of bladder

8-13 mm F

2-5 mm M

pin worm

human is only host

tape test to diagnose (applied overnight)

tx: pyrental pamoate

3-5 cm

whipworm

via ingestion of embryonated egg (takes 10 days to embryonate outside of host)-> hatch in SI ->mature and establish as adults in LI/Colon ->  anterior end embeds in cecal mucosa -> prolapsed rectum (IBD-like)

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large roundworm (muscular)

20-35 cm F

15-25 cm M

transmission req embryonation

ingestion of eggs -> hatch -> invade intestinal mucosa -> portal system -> systemic circulation to lungs -> maturation in lungs -> coughed up then back into GI -> as adults, live in SI but do not attach to intestinal wall

7-11 mm (F>M)

hookworm (suck blood)

may live in host 8-16 yrs

iron deficiency anemia, depending on worm burden

path to SI via lungs 

8-13 mm (F>M)

hookworm (sucks blood)

can cause iron deficiency anemia from blood loss

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small roundworm

lives as both parasite and free --> causes autoinfection

filariform larvae enters thru skin -> lungs -> SI

tx: ivermectin or thiabendazole 

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pork worm

3.5 mm x 60 micro-m

ingestion of undercooked, raw pork with encysted larvae

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muscle encystment

possible complications: myocarditis & encephalitis (from vasculitis)

tx: steroids + mebendazole (or albendazole) 

filarial parasites

vector: mosquitoes

elephantiasis

filarial parasite

insect vector: mosquitoes

elephantiasis

 filarial nematode

vector: simulium species of black flies

causes SQ nodules -> dermatitis

causes river blindness 

vector: chrysops species of mango flies

asymptomatic except when worm crawls over eyeballs of host 

up to 1 m long

guinea worm

esp W. Africa

ingestion of crustacean with larvae -> release of larvae -> penetrate GI wall into abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space -> mature and mate -> F moves to SQ tissue near distal extremity -> makes blister which ruptures at contact with water -> emerge and release larvae 

mechanical removal (no anti-helminthic tx available)

-local cleaning of wound + application of abx 

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blood flukes

entry through skin by cercariae

rectal and colonic polyps

entry through skin by motile cercariae form  -> veins -> portal vein -> mature into adults -> paired adults -> migrate to mesenteric venules of bowels/rectum

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blood fluke

far east

entry through skin by motile cercariae form  -> veins -> portal vein -> mature into adults -> paired adults -> migrate to mesenteric venules of bowels/rectum

blood fluke africa and middle east

causes hematuria (inc bladder cancer?)

cestodes tapeworm (scolex/proglottids) - proglottids hermaphrodites

ingestion of raw, undercooked pork with cysticercus

cysticercosis -> blindness and neuro disorder

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[image][image]

cestode tapeworm (scolex/proglottids) - proglottids hermaphrodites

human definite host

mild abdom sxs 

small tapeworm

dogs definite host

causes fluid-filled cysts in liver & lungs