Shared Flashcard Set

Details

HEENT
final review
62
Nursing
Graduate
06/27/2013

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
1) Anterior fontanel closes at _____.
2) Posterior fontanel closes at ______.
Definition
1) begins @ 9 months
2) 6 weeks to 2 months
Term
Caput succedaneum vs cephalhematoma
Definition
Caput succedaneum- swelling over sagittal suture, often noted @ birth

Cephalhematoma- soft, fluctuating effusion of blood trapped beneath pericranium; CONFINED to one cranial bone AND DOES NOT CROSS SAGITTAL SUTURE LINE.
Term
Is thyroid gland palpable in infant?
Definition
Most likely not.
Term
Craniosynostosis
Definition
premature closure of sutures; asymmetrical skull
Term
Suture lines normally not palpable after ___ months
Definition
6
Term
What is a craniotabes? What are they associated with?
Definition
Abnormal softness of cranium upon palpation.
Associated with hydrocephalus or rickets.
Term
Head lag is normal when pulling infant to sitting position until ___ months.
No head lag should be present after ____ months
Definition
3-4 months
6 months
Term
Persistent head tilt may indicate:
Definition
hypotonia, congenital torticollis, muscular/GI abnormalities, vision/hearing deficits.
Term
S/S of meningitis
Kernig
Brudzinski
Definition
Flexion of the neck causes pain, irritability
Kernig- resists extension of knees/hips
Brudzinski- when neck flexed, knees/hips flex
Term
Facies of FAS
Definition
microcephaly, short palpebral fissures, wide/flattened philtrum/thin lips, DD
Term
Plagiocephaly
Definition
asymmetrical head shape from position positioning of infant on one side for first 6 months of life
Term
Torticollis
Definition
Contraction of sternocleidomastoid; Can be sequela of URI
Term
Lymph nodes: normal description
Definition
Mobile, nontender, and not warm to touch
3 mm in head, 1 cm in neck/inguinal area
Term
Mono lymphnode characteristics
Definition
tonsillar hypertrophy, cervical adenopatht +3-+4; viral
Term
Hyperopic= ?
Myopic= ?
Miosis= ?
Definition
Hyperopic= farsighted
Myopic= nearsighted
Miosis= pupil contriction
Term
1) Fully fixates and follows object @ ____ months
2) Color discrimination present @ ____ months
3) Eye color established @ ___ months
4) Intermittent convergence/strabismus common until ____ months
Definition
1) 3-4 months
2) 3-5 months
3) 6 months
4) 6 months
Term
Tear production present @ ____ of age
Definition
6- 12 weeks
Term
Ptosis- causes? when to refer?
Definition
Eyelid droop or absent or faint lid crease; may be from brachial plexus injury during delivery
Refer- if extends over the pupil and causes infant to tilt head to see
Term
Arteries vs veins in eye:
1) color
2) ratio
Definition
1) arteries- thinner, more orange-red
veins- larger and darker

2) A:V ratio-> 2:3
Term
What is papilledema?
Causes?
Definition
Bilateral optic disk edema
Increased ICP
Term
What is a coloboma?
Definition
Tear-drop shaped iris
Term
Causes of absent red light reflex?
Definition
Leukokoria (whitish opacity of pupil)
Retinoblastoma
Congenital cataracts
Term
Initial test to assess alignment of EOM in infant and young child?
In older children?
Definition
Corneal light reflex (Hirschberg test)
Six cardinal fields of gaze
Term
Cover/uncover test looks for?
Earliest you can use this test?
Definition
Eye deviations
4 months
Term
1) inward deviation of uncovered eye
2) Outward deviation of uncovered eye
3) What is phoria?
Definition
1) esotropia
2) exotropia
3) deviation of covered eye
Term
Congenital esotropia occurs _____ and accommodative esotropia occurs _____.
Definition
1) first 6 months
2) 12 months to 7 yrs
Term
Strabismus causes?
What id strabismus goes undiagnosed?
Definition
Double vision and loss of depth perception
Amblyopia develops
Term
Pseudoesotropia is?
Definition
Crossed appearance of eyes
Term
What is nystagmus?
Cause in preterm baby?
In adolescent?
What do you do about it?
Definition
Spontaneous, involuntary movement of the eyes indicating poor visual acuity
In premies- ROP, intracranial hemorrhage, tumor
In teens- drug OD or chemical toxicity
Thorough neuro exam and evaluation by opthalmologist
Term
Begin visual acuity testing at age _____.
Testing with Snellen Tumbling E begins _____ and is used until ?
Definition
2-3 years
Pre-K
Until child knows standard letters
Term
Refer when accurate visual testing yields ___ difference refraction between eyes
Definition
> 20
Term
Visual testing for color begins at age____.
Definition
4
Term
Congenital glaucoma triad of symptoms:
Definition
1) photopobia
2) epiphora (excessive tearing)
3) blepharospasm (eyelid squeezing)
Term
1) Most common location of retraction pockets and congenital or acquired cholesteatoma?
2) What is a cholesteatoma?
Definition
1)Prussak's space
2) Symptomatic white mass in middle ear
Term
TORCH-
Definition
T-toxoplasmosis
O- other (congential syphillis and viruses)
R- rubella
C- CMV
H- Herpes
Term
Pull ear ___ and back for child.
Pull ear ___ and back for adolescent/adult.
Definition
down
up
Term
Tympanic membrane is usually:
1) convex
2) concave
Definition
2) concave
Term
What does the mobility of the TM tell us?
Definition
No mobility- increased negative pressure in middle ear, ear retracted; fluid/effusion
Term
Color of TM can be affected by?
Definition
Crying, irritation, fever
Term
Irrigation of the ear is contraindicated with:
Definition
Ruptured TM, ear tubes
Term
True or false: Cerumen is only yellow and flaky.
Definition
False- depends on ethnicity
Term
Hearing testing should be performed when?
Definition
Before 3 months of age
Yearly with audiometry starting at age 3
Term
Weber Tests looks for ________.
Rhine test looks for _________.
Definition
Lateralization.
air vs bone conduction; normal 2:1
Term
What is conductive hearing loss? Causes?
Definition
Conductive hearing loss- abnormal transmission of sound waves through canal, TM, middle ear; no problems with nerve-> impulses do not reach it

Conductive hearing loss causes: cholesteatoma, chronic/recurrent otitis (but never alone), OI
Term
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
Causes?
Definition
Hearing loss caused by abnormalities of cochlea, auditory nerve or pathways.

Often congenital and unknown etiology, infections, TORCH, premies (ECMO and persistent PHTN), meningitis, chemo 'platins, radiation
Term
True or False:
Calcification of dentition and tooth eruption occurs earlier in Caucasian boys.
Definition
False.
Girls and in African American and Native American
Term
Which sinuses are present at birth?
When do the others form?
Definition
At birth- maxillary and ethmoid
Sphenoid- starts developing at age 5
Frontal- starts developing between age 4-8
Term
What size are the tonsils?

1) Tonsils visible midway between tonsillar pillars?
2) Tonsils touching at midline?
3) Tonsils nearly touching uvula?
Definition
1) +2
2) +4
3) +3
Term
1) Which erupt first: mandibular central incisors? Mandibular lateral incisors? Cuspids?
2) What age do you get first tooth?
3) When do maxillary incisors erput?
Definition
1) Central incisors 1st, then lateral, then first molars, then cuspids.
2) 4-6 months
3) 1-2 months after mandibular incisors
Term
How many teeth should you have at 24-30 months?
Definition
20
Term
How many permanent teeth should you have?
Definition
32
Term
True of False:
Trauma, low birth weight, infection has been associated with delayed eruption of permanent teeth?
Definition
True.
Term
CN ___ innervates the tongue for sensation and taste.
CN ___ innervates the tongue for motor function.
Definition
IX glossopharyngeal and X vagus
XII hypoglossal
Term
Sensation of taste is not fully functional until age ___.
Definition
2
Term
Wharton's ducts are located?
Definition
Base of tongue by frenulum
Term
What is an allergic salute?
Definition
Transverse crease across nose r/t constant upward swipe of hand r/t chronic drainage.
Term
What color are the turbinates with allergies?
What color are the turbinate with URI's?
Definition
Allergies- pale, swollen
URI- inflamed and red
Term
True or false:
Anticonvulsants may cause hyperplasia of the gums.
Definition
True.
Term
True or false:
Candidiasis lesions will easily wipe off tongue.
Definition
False
Term
What is a geographic tongue?
Definition
Benign inflammation of dorsal surface of tongue causing reddened areas with absent papillae and surrounding whitish border.
Term
True or false:
Dark pink enlarged tonsils may indicate chronic respiratory allergies or infections.
Definition
True
Supporting users have an ad free experience!