Term
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Definition
Ability of cardio muscles to depolarize spontaneously w/out external electrical stimulation from nervous system.
Occurs in myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
Venous return that builds up during diastole.
Length to which the ventricle muscle is stretched at the end of diastole just before contraction |
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Term
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Definition
opposing pressure that the ventricle must generate to open the aortic valve against higher aortic pressure.
Resistance against which the ventricle must pump its blood. |
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Term
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Definition
Point of maximal impulse, PMI.
Pulsation created as the left ventricle rotates against the chest wall during systole.
normally at the 5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line |
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Term
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Definition
Ectopic beats.
Common increase with aging.
any of a group of conditions in which the electrical activity of the heart is irregular or is faster or slower than normal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blowing, swishing sound indicating blood flow turbulence |
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Term
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Definition
SV x = CO
Amount of blood pump from the heart each minute |
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Term
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Definition
Hearts pumping phase
Contraction of the ventricles where blood is pumped from ventricles and fills pulmonary and systemic arteries
Takes up 1/3 of the cardiac cycle |
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Term
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Definition
Hearts filling phase
Relaxation of the ventricles. Allowing them to fill with blood
Takes up 2/3 of the cardiac cycle
Normal silent sound |
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Term
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Definition
| The need to assume a more upright position to breath |
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Term
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Definition
| Signals a weak contraction of ventricles and occurs with arterial fibrillation, premature beats, and hear failure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| The normal beating of the heart. Measured by EKGs |
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Term
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Definition
| Rhythm caries with the persons breathing, increasing at the peak of inspiration and slowing with expiration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Valves are not shutting all the way so there is back flow of blood, causing other sounds to be heard. Usually the mitral valve |
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Term
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Definition
| Atrium – fills up like a balloon and stretches, because it is so inflated there is a larger kick or contraction of the atrium. the priming force contributed by atrial contraction immediately before ventricular systole that acts to increase the efficiency of ventricular ejection due to acutely increased preload. |
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Term
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Definition
| Closure of the AV valves and thus signals the beginning of systole |
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Term
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Definition
| Closure of the semilunar valves and signals the end of systole |
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Term
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Definition
| Acute chest pain that occurs when myocardial demand exceeds oxygen supply |
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Term
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Definition
(aortic insufficiency)
incompetent aortic valve that allows backward flow of blood into the left ventricle during diastole |
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Term
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Definition
| Calcification of aortic valve cups that restricts forward flow of blood during systole |
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Term
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Definition
| The left semilunar valve separating the left ventricle and the aorta |
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Term
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Definition
| Tip of the heart pointing down towards the fifth left intercostal space |
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Term
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Definition
(point of maximal impulse, PMI)
pulsation created as the left ventricle rotates against the chest wall during systole, normally at the 5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line |
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Term
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Definition
| Broader area of the heart’s outline located at the 3rd right and left intercostal space |
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Term
| Bell (of the stethoscope) |
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Definition
| Cup-shaped end-piece used for soft, or low-pitched heart sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| Slow heart rate, less than 50 beats per minute in the adult |
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Term
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Definition
| Bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occurs with chronic cyanotic heat and lung conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| Severe narrowing of the descending aorta, is a congenital heart defect |
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Term
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Definition
| Right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension |
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Term
| Diaphragm (of the stethoscope): |
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Definition
| Flat end-piece of the stethoscope used for hearing relatively high-pitched heart sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| Difficult, labored breathing – shortness of breath |
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Term
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Definition
| Transitional auscultatory area in the 3rd left intercostal space |
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Term
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Definition
| S4 gallop; atrial gallop. Very soft, low-pitched, ventricular filling sound that occurs in late diastole |
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Term
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Definition
| The addition of a 3rd or 4th heart sound makes the rhythm sound like the cadence of a galloping horse |
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Term
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Definition
| Technique of moving the stethoscope incrementally across the pre-cordium through the auscultatory areas while listening to the heart sounds. |
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Term
| LVH – Left ventricular hypertrophy |
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Definition
| : Increase in thickness of myocardial wall that occurs when the heart pumps against chronic outflow obstructions; e.g. aortic stenosis |
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Term
| MCL – mid-clavicular line |
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Definition
| Imaginary vertical line bisecting the middle of the clavicle in each hemi-thorax |
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Term
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Definition
Mitral insufficiency;
incompetent mitral valve that allows regurgitation of blood back into the left atrium during systole |
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Term
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Definition
| Calcified mitral valve impedes forward flow of blood into the left ventricle during diastole |
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Term
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Definition
| Left AV valve separating the left atria and ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| Uncomfortable awareness of rapid or irregular heart rate |
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Term
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Definition
| Opposite of a normal split S2 so that the split is hear in expiration, and inspiration the sounds fuse to one side |
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Term
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Definition
| High-pitched scratch extra-cardiac sound heard when the precordium is inflamed |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal variation in S2 heard as two separate components during inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| Area of the chest wall overlying the heart and great vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| Pulmonic insufficiency; backflow of blood through incompetent pulmonic valves into the right ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| Calcification of pulmonic valve that restricts forward flow of blood during systole |
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Term
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Definition
| Right semilunar valve separating the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs with closure of the semilunar valves, aortic and pulmonic, and signals the end of systole |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal mid-diastolic heart sound heard when both the pathologic S3 and S4 are present |
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Term
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Definition
| Temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased cerebral blood flow (fainting), caused by ventricular asystole, pronounced bradycardia, or ventricular fibrillation |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid heart rate, greater than 100 beats per minute in the adult |
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Term
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Definition
| Soft, low-pitched, ventricular filling sound that occurs in early diastole (S3 gallop) and may be an early sign of heart failure |
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Term
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Definition
| Palpable vibration on the chest wall accompanying severe heart murmur |
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Term
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Definition
| Right AV valve that is separating the right atria and the ventricle |
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