Term
| the ? system delivers oxygenated blood to tissues in the body and removes waste products from these tissues |
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Definition
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Term
| the ? system controls how the heart pumps |
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Definition
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Term
| ? keep the heart filled with blood and maintains blood pressure |
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Definition
| vascular network (arteries and veins) |
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Term
| the thoracic cavity lies within the thorax and is separated from the abdominal cavity by the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| the sternum has 3 parts, what are they? |
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Definition
1. manubrium
2. body (corpus sterni)
3. xiphoid process |
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Term
| ? pleura, adhere to each lobe of the lung |
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Definition
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Term
| ? pleura, adheres to the inner surface of the chest wall |
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Definition
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Term
| when pleural fluid accumulates, its most common location is where ? |
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Definition
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Term
| the ? side of the heart is the most anterior portion (R or L) |
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Definition
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Term
| does the apex tilt anterior, posterior, medial, lateral |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the most posterior chamber? |
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Definition
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Term
| what forms the right border of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| the base of the heart is formed by the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| the apex of the heart is formed by ? |
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Definition
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Term
| the heart and great vessel roots lie within the ? sac |
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Definition
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Term
| the pericardium of the heart is divided into what two layers |
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Definition
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Term
| the ? layer of the pericardium is reflected around the roots of the great vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| the ? layer of the pericardium is very closely applied to the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| the ? layer of the pericardium is often called the epicardium |
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Definition
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Term
| pericardial sac is useful for what ? |
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Definition
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Term
| ? layer of the heart forms the AV valves and the semi-lunar valves |
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Definition
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Term
| the atria work at high/low pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| the ? chamber has the greatest muscle mass |
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Definition
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Term
| the LV pumps blood to the ? whereas the RV pumps blood to the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| the posterior wall of the RA is directly related to the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| the pulmonary veins flow from the ? to empty into the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| the IVC is guarded by a fold of tissue called the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| the coronary sinus is guarded by a fold of tissue called the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| the coronary sinus drains the blood supply from the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| ? valve separate the RA from the RV |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are the leaflets of TV |
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Definition
1. anterior
2. septal (may be maldeveloped)
3. inferior |
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Term
| the ? connect the leaflets to the papillary muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| as the ? contract with ventricular contraction, the leaflets are pulled together to prevent being pulled into the atrial cavity. |
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Definition
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Term
| the base of the RV lies on the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| extends from the TV to the PV |
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Definition
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Term
| the PV lies at the upper anterior aspect of the ? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. anterior
2. right
3. left |
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Term
| the pulmonary trunk bifurcates into the ? |
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Definition
| right and left pulmonary arteries |
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Term
| two pulmonary veins enter anterior/posterior/medial/lateral into the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| the absence of Pulmonary veins entering the LA cavity is know as |
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Definition
| total anomalous pulmonary venous return |
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Term
| separates the LA from the LV |
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Definition
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Term
| how many leaflets does the MV have |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the names of the MV leaflets |
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Definition
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Term
| the anterior leaflet of the MV is much longer/shorter and smaller/larger than the posterior |
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Definition
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Term
| the ? leaflet of the MV projects downward into the LV cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| leaflets are attached to the ? by chordae tendineae |
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Definition
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Term
| the anterior leaflet of the MV is continuous with the ? ? wall |
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Definition
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Term
| left side of the IVS is continuous with the ? ? wall |
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Definition
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Term
| the LV wall thickness is ?-?x thicker |
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Definition
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Term
| muscular IVS makes up about ? of the septal length whereas the membranous septum takes up about ? |
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Definition
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Term
| the membranous IVS is located just ? to the aortic root |
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Definition
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Term
| most IVS defects occur in which layer of the septum |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| name the leaflets of the AV |
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Definition
| right, left, and posterior |
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Term
| Arantius' nodule is what? |
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Definition
| aids in preventing leakage of blood from the LV when the AV is closed |
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Term
| forceful contraction of the cardiac chamber |
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Definition
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Term
| relaxed phase of the cardiac cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| during diastole, blood enters the ? from the ? and ? |
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Definition
RA
superior and inferior vena cavas |
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Term
| at the same time as blood is entering the RA the LA is receiving oxygenated blood from ? |
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Definition
| from the lungs through the PV to enter the LA |
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Term
| when in diastole, the AV valves (tricuspid and mitral) are open/closed |
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Definition
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Term
| atrial contraction and increased pressure drain the atrial blood into the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| ventricles contract (ventricular systole/diastole) rising the pressure in the ventricular cavity which closes ? |
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Definition
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Term
| as pressure increases in the ventricles, the semilunar valves (pulmonic and aortic) ? |
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Definition
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Term
| ventricles relax when contraction is complete (ventricular systole/diastole) |
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Definition
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Term
| the blood in the Ao is under very high pressure and the decreased pressure in the ventricles would cause backflow, how does this not occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| the semilunar valves close because blood fills sinuses of ? and forces them to close |
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Definition
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Term
| during ventricular contraction, the atria relax and what happens? |
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Definition
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Term
| when the ventricles are completely relaxed, the ? open so blood can fill the ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
| what is known as the pacemaker of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the SA node located |
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Definition
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Term
| once the SA node is activated where does it go |
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Definition
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Term
| the AV node is located where? |
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Definition
| right posterior portion of he inter-atrial septum (RA) |
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Term
| the AV bundle is continuous with the ? |
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Definition
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Term
| ? spread to all parts of the ventricular myocardium |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the heart is innervated by ? fibers from the ? nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| tachycardia causes increased/decreased strength of contraction |
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Definition
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Term
| impulse initiated by the SA node and spreads over the atria is what section of the PQRST complex? |
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Definition
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Term
| electrical depolarization/activity of the atria is what in the PQRST complex |
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Definition
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Term
| the activation/electrical activity of the ventricles is what in the PQRST complex? |
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Definition
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Term
| ventricle repolarization is what in the PQRST complex? |
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Definition
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Term
| calcium ions are stored and released in response to electrical activity is called ? |
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Definition
| excitation contraction coupling |
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Term
| ventricular systole/diastole = closing of the AV valves and opening of the semilunar valves |
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Definition
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Term
| in ventricular systole the AV valves are ? while the semilunar valves are ? |
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Definition
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Term
| lubb is lower/higher in pitch and longer/shorter in duration |
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Definition
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Term
| lubb is heard most clearly in what part of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| dupp is sharper/weaker in tone, is longer/shorter in duration, and higher/lower in pitch |
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Definition
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Term
| dupp is caused by the closing of the ? valves during ventricular systole/diastole |
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Definition
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Term
| abnormal heart sounds (turbulence/regurg) is called a ? |
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Definition
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Term
| a rumble is heard, what is happening to the vessel? |
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Definition
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Term
| begins with or after the time of the second heart sound and ends at or before the time of the first heart sound |
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Definition
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Term
| beins with or after the time of the first heart sound and ends at or before the tome of the second heart sound |
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Definition
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Term
| begins in systole and continues without interruption through the time of the second heart sound into all or part of diastole |
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Definition
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Term
| blood moves in smooth layers that slide against each other and has similar velocities and directions |
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Definition
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Term
| blood cells move in different directions with varying velocities |
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Definition
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Term
| fluid moves through a tube, fluid layers in the center have a higher velocity than those on outer surfaces |
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Definition
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Term
| as flow accelerates and converges, more fluid travels at velocities closer to peak velocity as layers in the center |
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Definition
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Term
| in systole/diastole, the ventricles eject blood into the Ao and pulmonary artery |
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Definition
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Term
| in systole/diastole ventricles fill with blood from the atria and flow to body organs |
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Definition
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Term
| a vessel has stenosis, where is the highest velocity |
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Definition
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Term
| the right and left coronary arteries arise from the apex/base of the ? |
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Definition
| base of the ascending aorta |
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Term
| the left coronary artery flow is mainly systolic/diastolic |
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Definition
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|
Term
| echo uses a ? MHz probe on adults |
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Definition
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|
Term
| color flow mapping has a fast/slow frame rate |
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Definition
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|
Term
| as the pitch gets higher, the velocity is higher/lower? |
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Definition
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Term
| spectral has ? on its x axis and ? on its y axis |
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Definition
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Term
| flow in the MV should be ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| flow in the TV should be ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| flow in the pulmonary artery flow is ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| flow in the LV should be ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| flow in the Ao should be ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| during systole/diastole, the mitral leaflets close and the ventricle contracts to push blood through L ventricle |
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Definition
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|
Term
| LVOT is scanned in what imaging plane |
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Definition
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|
Term
| RVOT is scanned in what plane? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the SVC enters the upper anterior/posterior/medial/lateral border whereas the IVC enters the posterolateral/posteromedial |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the coronary veins drain into where? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the coronary arteries deliver oxygen rich/deficient blood to the myocardium |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The vessels that remove the deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle are known as |
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Definition
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|
Term
| As the right ventricle contracts, the tricuspid valve ? and the pulmonary valve ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the contraction of ? closes the MV and TV |
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Definition
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