Term
| What are the causes of the first and second heart sounds? |
|
Definition
| vibration of the taut valves immediately following closure along with vibration of the adjacent walls |
|
|
Term
| _______ valves are more taut than _____ valves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What valves are the semilunar valves? |
|
Definition
| pulmonary and aortic valves |
|
|
Term
| What valves are the AV valves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which side is the tricuspid valve located on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which side is the mitral valve located on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the first or second sound a higher frequency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the atrial heart sound (4th sound) caused by? |
|
Definition
| in rush of blood into the ventricles |
|
|
Term
| what causes the greatest number of valvular lesions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what valves is most severely damaged from rheumatic fever? |
|
Definition
| mitral than aorta then the right heart valves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood cannot flow through |
|
|
Term
| what does regurgitation mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens during scarring of the valves? |
|
Definition
| lesions become scar tissue and permanently fuse portions of adjacent valve leaflets |
|
|
Term
| systolic murmur of aortic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diastolic murmur of aortic_______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| systolic murmur of mitral ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diastolic murmur of mitral _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes the loudest murmur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes the weakest murmur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| aortic stenosis and regurgitation cause: |
|
Definition
hypertrophy of the left ventricle
increased blood volume
eventual failure of the left ventricle and pulmonary edema |
|
|
Term
| mitral stenosis and regurgitation cause: |
|
Definition
pulmonary edema in mitral valvular disease
enlarged left atrium and atrial fibrillation
compensation in early mitral valvular disease |
|
|
Term
| with aoritc valvular lesion, exercise can cause ______ failure followed by _________ |
|
Definition
| acute left ventricular failure; acute pulmonary edema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ductus arteriosus allows what? |
|
Definition
| bypassing the lungs; closes after birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens in tetralogy of fallot |
|
Definition
| aorta originates from right ventricle; pulmonary artery is stenosed; blood passes directly into the aorta |
|
|
Term
| tetralogy of fallot leads to an enlarged _______- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as muct as ____% of the venous blood passes directly from the right ventricle into the aorta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most common cause of congenital anomalies |
|
Definition
| viral infecton in mother during the first trimester |
|
|
Term
| what are methods for oxygenating blood? |
|
Definition
bubbling oxygen through the blood and removing the bubbles
dripping the blood downward over the surfaces of plastic sheets ni the presence of oxygen
blood over surfaces of rotating discs
blood between thin membranes or tubes that are permeable to oxygen |
|
|
Term
| what is extracorpeal circulation? |
|
Definition
| a pump and an oxygenating device |
|
|
Term
| What mechanism does the heart use to increase workload |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of cardiac hypertrophy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the effects of the late stages of hypertrophy |
|
Definition
coronary vasculature does not increase to the same rate
fibrosis in the muscle
anginal pain |
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