Term
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Definition
loudness
timing
duration
pitch
description
location |
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Term
| High-pitched sounds are best heard with the... |
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Definition
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Term
| Low-pitched sounds are best heard with the... |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes the heart sounds? |
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Definition
| vibrations that result from the stoppage of blood against closed valves and the walls of the heart |
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Term
| Blood hitting the walls of the heart and vessels causes them to ______. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| turbulence of the blood flowing through the valve |
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Term
| First and second heart sounds correspond to... |
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Definition
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Term
| Vibrations associated with valve closure are best heard... |
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Definition
| reflecting back from the valve area |
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Term
| Vibrations of turbulence are usually heard best... |
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Definition
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Term
| The first heart sound corresponds to the closure of the _______ and _______ valves. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
M1+T1
(1st sound of mitral valve + 1st sound of tricuspid valve) |
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|
Term
| The second heart sound corresponds to closure of the _______ and ________ valves. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
A2+P2
(2nd sound of aortic valve + 2nd sound of pulmonic valve) |
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|
Term
| Third and fourth heart sounds correspond to... |
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Definition
| blood entering and striking against the walls of the ventricles |
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Term
| Third and fourth heart sounds are NOT caused by.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Third and fourth heart sounds are both _____. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| immediately prior to S1 and systole |
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|
Term
| When auscultating, you need to listen with the _____ and the _________. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| five areas of ausculation |
|
Definition
aortic
pulmonic
2nd pulmonic
tricuspid
mitral |
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|
Term
| Describe the first heart sound in terms of pitch and duration. |
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Definition
| high-pitched and short duration |
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|
Term
| The first heart sound is typically heard best at _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The first heart sound is typically louder than the second heart sound at ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the second heart sound in terms of pitch and duration. |
|
Definition
| high-pitched and short duration |
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|
Term
| The second heart sound is heard best at ______. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The second heart sound is typically louder than the first heart sound at ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three ways to determine the first heart sound from the second? |
|
Definition
1. duration of time between S1 and S2
2. loudness (S1 at apex, S2 at base)
3. palpate carotid pulse while auscultating (pulse corresponds with S1) |
|
|
Term
| What two things need to be considered when you hear a split of S1? |
|
Definition
1. heart disease
2. noisy opening of a valve may be confused with splitting of S1 |
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|
Term
| Physiologic splitting of S2 is related to pressure changes that occur during __________. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What sounds are actually being heard in a split S2? |
|
Definition
| delayed closure of P2 compared to A2 |
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|
Term
| Splitting of S2 during inspiration is ________ _______; whereas splitting of S2 during expiration is ________ _______. |
|
Definition
| physiologic splitting (normal); paradoxical splitting |
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|
Term
| Splitting of S2 is best heard at... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What conditions need to be considered when paradoxical splitting of S2 is heard? |
|
Definition
conduction defects
pulmonary hypertension |
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|
Term
| Splitting of S2 during both inspiration and expiration is called _______ _______. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What condition needs to be considered when persistent splitting of S2 is heard? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another term for third and fourth heart sounds? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What causes the S3 sound? |
|
Definition
| filling of the ventricles with blood |
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|
Term
| Where is the third heart sound heard best? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Describe the third heart sound. |
|
Definition
short duration
low-pitched
dull, thud-like quality |
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|
Term
| What conditions need to be considered with an S3? |
|
Definition
heart disease (always this until you prove it wrong)
stiff/non-compliant ventricular wall |
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Term
| The intensity of S3 varies according to ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| If no cardiovascular disease is present, S3 can be a _____ finding. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What causes the S4 sound? |
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Definition
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Term
| S4 is heard best at _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the fourth heart sound. |
|
Definition
short duration
low-pitched
-dull, thud-like quality |
|
|
Term
| S4 is almost always associated with _________. |
|
Definition
disease
non-compliant ventricular wall
consider HTN, CHF, CAD, others
intensity varies with etiology |
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|
Term
| What is the fourth heart sound often confused with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Split S1 is ________-pitched than S4. |
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Definition
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Term
| Opening snap is ______-pitched than S4. |
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Definition
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Term
| What sounds are heard in a gallop rhythm? |
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Definition
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Term
| A gallop is always considered ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient with a gallop needs to be evaluated for _________. |
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Definition
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