Term
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Definition
Class: HF drugs, ACE-I
Mechanism: inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, increase bradykinin (vasodilator) by inhibiting kininase II
Indication: mandatory for HF (reduce preload and afterload, decrease ALD levels, decrease sympathetic activity, reduce interstitial fibrosis, reduce myocardial and vascular remodel, anti-apoptotic); reduce morbidity and mortality
Adverse effect: hypotension, persistent cough (switch to ARB), angioedema (larynx and upper airway), fetal pathology, HYPERKALEMIA |
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Term
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Definition
Class: HF drugs, ACE-I
Mechanism: inhibits angiontensin converting enzyme, decreases Angiotensin II production, reduces breakdown of bradykinin (by ACE), bradykinin --> vasodilation
Indication: mandatory for HF (reduce preload and afterload, decrease ALD levels, decrease sympathetic activity, reduce interstitial fibrosis, reduce myocardial and vascular remodel, anti-apoptotic); reduce morbidity and mortality
Adverse effects: hypotension, persistent cough (switch to ARB), angioedema (larynx and upper airway), fetal pathology, HYPERKALEMIA |
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Term
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Definition
Class: HF drugs, ACE-I
Mechanism: pro-drug, inhibits angiontensin converting enzyme, decreases Angiotensin II production, reduces breakdown of bradykinin (by ACE), bradykinin --> vasodilation
Indication: mandatory for HF (reduce preload and afterload, decrease ALD levels, decrease sympathetic activity, reduce interstitial fibrosis, reduce myocardial and vascular remodel, anti-apoptotic); reduce morbidity and mortality
Adverse effects: hypotension, persistent cough (switch to ARB), angioedema (larynx and upper airway), fetal pathology, HYPERKALEMIA |
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Term
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Definition
Class: HF drugs, ARB
Mechanism: bind membrane bound R, displace angiotensin II from AT1 receptors
Indication: HF ~effective as ACE-I, reduce morbidity and mortality
Adverse effects: angioedema, dizziness, increased liver enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
Class: HF drugs, ARB
Mechanism: bind membrane bound R, displace angiotensin II from AT1 receptors
Indication: HF ~effective as ACE-I, reduce morbidity and mortality
Adverse effects: angioedema, dizziness, increased liver enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
Class: HF drugs, diuretic, ALD-R antagonist
Mechanism: ALD-R antagonist
Indication: reduction of mortality (arrhythmetic and pump-failure) in HF
Adverse effects: HYPERKALEMIA, gynecomastia, impotence, menstual irrgeularities |
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Term
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Definition
Class: HF drugs, beta-R blockers
Mechanism: antagonist at beta receptors; SELECTIVE FOR BETA1, no alpha activity
Indication: reduce CV mortality in HF, improve symptoms of HF, reduce transplants needed in HF
Indication: reduce CV mortality in HF, improve symptoms of HF, reduce transplants needed in HF
Contraindication: obstructive airway disease, decomensated HF, sinus node or conduction disease |
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Term
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Definition
Class: HF drugs, beta-R blockers
Mechanism: antagonist at beta receptors; controlled release, long-acting, SELECTIVE FOR BETA1, no alpha activity
Indication: reduce CV mortality in HF, improve symptoms of HF, reduce transplants needed in HF
Contraindication: obstructive airway disease, decomensated HF, sinus node or conduction disease |
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Term
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Definition
Class: HF drugs, beta-R blockers
Mechanism: antagonist at beta receptors; not very selective, high-affinity alpha1 block (vasodilation)
Indication: reduce CV mortality in HF, improve symptoms of HF, reduce transplants needed in HF
Contraindication: obstructive airway disease, decomensated HF, sinus node or conduction disease |
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Term
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Definition
Class: HF drugs, sympathomimetic amine
Mechanism: agonist of Beta1 and beta2 receptors; improves cardiac contractility and relaxation
Indication: hospital only IV only, short term management of severe HF (hypotension, renal failure)
Adverse effects: tachycardia, ARRHYTHMOGENIC |
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Term
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Definition
Class: HF drugs, phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Mechanism: inhibit PDE3, increases cAMP; IV only; increases contractility, vasodilation in venous and arterial circulation
Indication: short term management of of severe heart failure
Adverse effects: thrombocytopenia, ARRHYTHMOGENIC (KILLRINONE) |
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Term
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Definition
Class: HF drugs, digitalis glycoside
Mechanism: inhibit Na+/K+ ATPase --> increase intracellular [Na+] --> reverse Na+/Ca++ exchanger --> increase intracellular [Ca++] store --> increase Ca++ release in cardiac cycle --> INCREASE CONTRACTILITY; direct INCREASE VAGAL TONE, possible reduction in tubular Na+ reabsorption through inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase in kidney
Indication: increase CO, decrease SNS (dec arterial and venous presssure), increase diuresis (reduce blood volume and edema)
Adverse effect: NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX, CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA, anorexia, V/D/N, HA, fatigue, diorientation, delirium, blurred vision (halos or white border)
Management of Toxicity: d/c med, d/c diuretics, K+ infusion, antibodies specific to med
Drug interactions: diuretics, quinidine |
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Term
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Definition
bradykinin-breakdown inhibitor
when combined with an ARB === ACE-I - same effects and side effects |
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Term
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Definition
increased sodium and water retention
renal potassium and magnesium loss
reduced baroreceptor sensitivity
promotion of myocardial fibrosis and ventricular arrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
digoxin
dobutamine
milrinone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
NTG
diuretics - fursemide, bumetanide, hydrochlorothiazie |
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Term
| preload and afeterload drugs |
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Definition
nitrates (nitroprusside)
alpha blockers
ACE-I
ARBs |
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