Term
| What are the four sets of standards that make up the DRIs? |
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Definition
The estimated average requirement(EAR)
The Recommended Dietary Allowance(RDA)
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range(AMDR)
The Dietary Guideline for Americans
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Term
| What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance? |
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Definition
| The avergae daily amount of any one nutrient an individual needs to protect against nutritional deficiency |
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Term
| What is the Estimated Average Requirement? |
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Definition
| The amount of nutrients needed by any one age group |
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Term
| What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range? |
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Definition
| Intake ranges that provide adequate nutrition and that are associated with reduced risk of chronic disease |
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Term
| What are the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? |
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Definition
| Set of scientifically based recommendations designed to promote health and reduce the risk for many chronic disease through diet and physical activity |
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Term
| What are the essential macronutrients and the essential micronutrients? |
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Definition
Macronutrients- water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins
micro- vitamins and minerals |
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Term
| What functions does water perform in the body? |
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Definition
| Temperature control, digestion, transport of materials, absorb nutrients, and lubricate body parts |
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Term
| How much water does a person need per day, on average? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of drinking bottled water? |
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Definition
Advantages- Regulated by the FDA
Disadvantages- price and waste |
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Term
| What are the functions of carbohydrates in the body? |
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Definition
| Provide energy and provide structural molecules |
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Term
| What is the difference in metabolism between simple and complex carbohydrates? |
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Definition
Simple sugars are readily absorbed
Complex have to be broken down before absorbtion |
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Term
| Why is fiber unlike other carbohydrates? What is its role in body function? |
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Definition
| It can't be digested. It aids in digestion |
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Term
| What functions does a protein play in the body? |
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Definition
| Repairs and builds muscles, bones, and other body tissues |
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Term
| What is a complementary protein? |
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Definition
| Foods that have different levels of amino acids that when combined give you all neccessary amino acids |
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Term
| Why is fat important in the diet? |
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Definition
| The principle form stores energy and produces vitamin D |
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Term
| What are the AMDR's for carbs, proteins, and fats? |
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Definition
Carbs- 45%-65%
Proteins-10%-35%
Fats-20%-35% |
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Term
| What are the circumstances under which a person might need a vitamin or mineral supplement? |
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Definition
| nutrient deficiencies, vegetarians, small calcium intake, people in certain stages of life, low energy intake, women who bleed excessively during menstration |
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Term
| What are the effects of antioxidants in the body? |
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Definition
| Neutralize the effect of free radicles |
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Term
| What is the key message of the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the daily recommendations for the 5 food groups at the 2,000 calorie level? |
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Definition
Grains: 6oz
Vegetable: 2.5 cups
Fruits: 2 cups
Milk: 3 cups
Meat: 5.5 oz |
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Term
| What are the Daily Values? |
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Definition
| Values of how food fits into a 2,000 calorie diet |
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Term
| What are the nutritional problems associated with soft-drinks and high-sodium diets? |
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Definition
Soft drinks provide no nutritional value but fill you up.
high sodium increases blood pressure |
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Term
| What are the foods responsible for the vast majority of allergic food reactions? |
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Definition
| Milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, soy, and wheat |
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Term
| What are some of the concerns associated with energy bars and energy drinks? |
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Definition
| High in calories and sugar |
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Term
| What are some smart choices you can make at a fast food restaurant? |
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Definition
| Choose a salad, yogurt or fruit, water or juice |
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Term
| What are food additives and what are their uses? |
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Definition
| substances that maintain or improve nutritional value, aid in food prep, improve taste or appearance |
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Term
What are advantages of organic foods?
Disadvantages? |
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Definition
Advantages: beneficial to the environment, contains less pesticides
Disadvantages: place consumers at high risk for foodborne illness |
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Term
| What are three examples of food pathogens? |
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Definition
| E.Coli, Salmonella, and campylobacteria. |
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Term
| What practices reduce the risk of foodborne illness? |
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Definition
| Cooking food to correct temperature, using clean sponges and towel, washing produce, seperation of food during prep. |
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Term
| What arguments are made for and against genetically modified foods? |
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Definition
For: helps meet consumer demand
Against: destroys ecosystem, creates new viruses, increases cruelty to animals, and reduces biodiversity. |
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Term
| What is the target heart rate zone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is physical fitness? |
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Definition
| The Ability of the body to respond to the physical demands placed upon it |
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Term
| What is skill related fitness? |
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Definition
| Ability to perform specific skill associated with various sports and leisure activities. |
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Term
| What is health related fitness? |
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Definition
| Ability to perform daily living activities with vigor |
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Term
| What is physical activity? |
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Definition
| Activity that requires any type of movement |
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Term
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Definition
| Structured, planned physical activity, often carried out to improve fitness |
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Term
| What are physical benefits of excerise? |
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Definition
longer lifespan
improved body system functioning |
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Term
| What are cognitive benefits of exercise? |
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Definition
process information more quickly.
slow the loss of cognitive ability |
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Term
| What are pyschological and emotional benefits of exercise? |
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Definition
| decrease risk of depression and anxiety, relieve stress, improve overall quality of life |
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Term
| What are spiritual benefits of exercise? |
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Definition
| types of exercise gives the oppurtunity to meet and connect with other people |
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Term
| What is an example of moderate exercise? |
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Definition
| Walking 3.0 mph, cycling leisurely, golf with no cart, table tennis, slow swimming, Boat sailing, Housework/lawnwork, calithenics, tennis doubles, yoga, playing with children |
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Term
| What are examples of light exercise? |
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Definition
| slow walking, canoeing, golf with cart, croquet, fishing-sitting, billiards, darts, playing cards, walking the dog, grocery shopping, laundry |
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Term
| What are examples of vigorous exercise? |
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Definition
| Walking 4.5 mph, cycling moderately, jogging 7 mph, tennis singles, moderate swimming, volleyball, basketball, competitive soccer, Rope Skipping, Martial arts, snowboarding |
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Term
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Definition
F- frequency
I- Intensity
T-time
T-Type of activity |
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Term
| How is the FITT plan related to cardiovascular health? |
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Definition
| It is how you develop a cardiorepiratory traning program by designating how often you exercise, the intensity of the exercise, The amount of time of the exercise, and the type of exercise |
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Term
| What is passive stretching? |
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Definition
| Where a partner applies pressure to your muscles producing a stretch beyond which you can do |
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Term
| What is static stretching? |
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Definition
| Where one stretches until tightness in felt in the muscle and then holds the position for a set period of time without bouncing or forcing movement |
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Term
| What is ballistic stretching? |
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Definition
| Stretching where muscles are stretched in a series of bouncing movements designed to increase range of motion |
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Term
| What proportion of americans are currently overweight? obese? |
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Definition
overweight- 68%
obese- 34% |
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Term
| What does body mass index measure? |
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Definition
| Measure of body weight in relation to height |
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Term
| What factors are not taken into account by the BMI? |
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Definition
| Muscular build, bone mass |
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Term
| What methods are used to evaluate body composition? |
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Definition
| BMI calculation, Body fat percentage via immersion in water and x-ray, measure of body fat distribution |
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Term
Is it better to be pear shaped or apple shaped?
Why? |
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Definition
| Pear shaped. fat in the thighs less active than fat above the waist |
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Term
| What are some health effects of overweight or obesity? |
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Definition
| Increased risk for high blood pressure, diabetes, elevated cholesterol levels, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, lung problems, certain cancers, increase risk of having a baby with birth defects. |
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Term
What weight changes do women undego during puberty?
Males? |
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Definition
Women- increase in body fat( geared toward child bearing)
Men- Decrease in body fat(geared toward muscle development) |
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Term
| What weight changes do men and women undergo ages 20-40? |
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Definition
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Term
| What weight change do men and women go through entering their 50's? |
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Definition
| Increase weight in the abdominal area |
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Term
| What is an obesogenic environment? |
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Definition
| an environment that increases the chances of obesity |
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Term
| What are components of an obesogenic environment? |
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Definition
| Fast food chains, and large portion sizes |
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Term
| How does television viewing influence obesity patterns? |
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Definition
| It has shown to increase obesity |
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Term
| What is the relationship between weight gain and weight loss to stress? |
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Definition
Stress that is acute physical stress will release fat.
stress that is constant and chronic will release hormones to store fat |
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Term
| What components are used to determine daily energy requirements? |
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Definition
| The thermic effect of food, adaptive thermogenesis, basal metabolic rate, and physical activity |
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Term
| Why does a higher fat intake result in a higher caloric intake? |
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Definition
| because high fat foods take less energy to process and have more energy available to store as fat |
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Term
| How do weight management organizations help people lose weight? |
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Definition
| by offering group support, nutrition education, dietary advice, exercise counseling. |
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Term
| What are the uses of very-low calorie diets? |
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Definition
| To help moderately to severely obese patients lose weight rapidly |
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Term
| What types of prescription medications are used for weight loss? |
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Definition
Sibutramine- appetite suppressant
Orlistat- blocks absorption of fat
Phentermine- appetite suppressant |
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Term
| What are some strategies for weight loss individuals can use? |
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Definition
eating a balanced diet, goal of 150 min if moderately intense exercise a week, goal of overall health improvement, Inclusion of peer support, self-acceptance of body size.
setting realistic goals, managing behavior |
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Term
| What are some ways society can reverse the obesity trend? |
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Definition
| support consumer awarness, encourage health insurers to cover obesity prevention programs, Promote healthy foods, Support active lifestyles through community planning |
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Term
| What are some examples of media and cultural influence on body image for men and women? |
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Definition
Men- muscle tone
women- skinny, beautiful, |
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Term
| What are some explanation for the greater incidence of eating disorders amoung women than in men? |
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Definition
| The belief that women are supposed to be thin and the body dissatisfaction that women have. |
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Term
| What sports are associated with eating disorders and why? |
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Definition
| wrestling, dance, gymnastics, swimming, cycling, distance running, and horse racing. the leaner the athlete is the better they seem to be |
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Term
| What is the difference between an eating disorder and disordered eating? |
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Definition
| Eating disordered is severe enough to reach an unhealthy level. disordered eating is not severe enough to reach an unhealthy level to be called an eating disorder |
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Term
| What factors contribute to the development of an eating disorder? |
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Definition
| exposure to thin ideal, social pressure to conform, and recognition of discrepancy between thin ideal and one's own body image. |
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Term
| What thinking patterns are associated with eating disorders? |
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Definition
| low self esteem, self critical attitude, belief in the importance of thinness, black and white thinking, feeling of emptiness, need for power and control, difficulty expressing feelings, lack of trust in self or others, perfectionism |
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Term
| What are diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa? |
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Definition
refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight.
intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat.
disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is experienced.
Amenorrhea |
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Term
| What are diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa? |
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Definition
reccurent episodes of binge eating, reccurent inappropriate compensatory behavior to reduce weight gain,
episodes occur atleast 2 a week for 3 months
self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight
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Term
| What are diagnostic criteria for binge eating disorder? |
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Definition
reccurent episodes for binge eating.
distress about binge eating
occurs atleast 2 days a week for 6 months
the binge eating is not assciated with behaviors to reduce weight gain |
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Term
| What are the criteria for recovery from an eating disorder? |
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Definition
| weight is stabilized and the problem has been treated pyschologically |
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Term
| How is body dysmorphic condition different from normal concern about appearance? |
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Definition
| one's mind is preoccupied with imagined or exaggerated defects of the body |
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Term
| What are the risks and benefits of cosmetic surgery? |
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Definition
Risks: can cause somone to be more unhappy with their appearance or search for more imperfections
Benefits: Can cause people to be happy with the way they look |
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Term
| What are the components of the female athlete triad? |
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Definition
| Disordered eating patterns, amenorrhea, and premature osteoporosis |
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Term
| How is activity disorder different from normal exercising? |
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Definition
| Activity disorder persons control their bodies to alter their moods by being overly involved in exercise or addicted to exercise. |
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