Term
| What is healthcare epidemiology |
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Definition
| any activity designed to study and/or improve patient care outcomes in any type of healthcare institution or setting |
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Term
| What are two ways that data is collected and analyzed? |
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Definition
| epidemioloically or laboratory investigations |
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Term
| How does healthcare epidemiology |
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Definition
| surveillance, risk reduction programs, policy development and implementation, education, cost-benefit assessment of control programs |
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Term
| Who is the mother of modern nursing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are nosocomial infections? |
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Definition
| hospital-acquired infections (community acquired infections that are brought into the hospital) |
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Term
| What are latrogenic infections |
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Definition
| "doctor generated" device is contaminated and makes patient sick |
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Term
| What are the sources of nosocomial pathogens |
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Definition
| hospital environments, patients |
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Term
| Nosocomial pathogens: antimicrobial resistance: problems |
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Definition
| multi-drug resistance, selective pressure |
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Term
| Gram positive Cocci: Slide 8, review |
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Definition
staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRSE)
Enterocuccus Spp. (vangromicin resistant) |
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Term
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Definition
| Escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter spp, klebsiella spp |
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Term
| Most common nosocomial infections 5 |
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Definition
| UTIs, Surgical wound infections, lower respiratory tract infections, bloodstream infections and clostridium difficile-related diseases |
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Term
| What is connected to clostridium difficile-related diseases? |
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Definition
| antibiotic-associated diarrhea and it can lead to pseudomembranous colitis |
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Term
| What patients are most likely to develop nosocomial infections? |
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Definition
| ICU, elderly, women in labor, premie infants, surgical/burn patients, diabetic, cancer, immunosuppressed patients, treatment with steroids, anticancer drugs, antilymphocyte drugs, radiation, paralysed, renal dialysis patients |
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Term
| What are teh contributing factors to nosocomial infections? |
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Definition
| increase in drug-resistant pathogens, increased in immunocompromised patients, inpatients are the most ill |
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Term
| What is the main contributing factor of nosocomial infections |
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Definition
| failure of healthcare workers to follow infection control guidelines |
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Term
| What additional factors can affect nosocomial infections |
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Definition
| lengthy, more complicated surgeries, hospital overcrowding, staff shortages, use of less highly trained healthcare workers, increased use of anti-inflammatory immunosupressive agents, over/misuse of indwelling medical devices |
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Term
| How can we reduce nosocomial infections? |
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Definition
| Strict compliance with infection control guidelines and handwashing |
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Term
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Definition
| there was puerperalfever and he suggested to wash hands with chlorinated lime, maternity mortality dropped dramatically |
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Term
| How is infection controlled? |
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Definition
| measures are taken to prevent them in the first plate, reservoirs of infection are eliminated, transmission is interrupted |
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Term
| Why is infection control important? |
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Definition
| it protects personnel and patients |
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Term
| Joseph Lister was mainly known for |
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Definition
| antisepsis (using antiseptics to eliminate microorganisms) |
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Term
| What types of antiseptics did Joseph Lister use? |
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Definition
| dilute phenol solution, phenol mist, steam steralization, surgical clothing, steriole drapes |
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Term
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Definition
| everything outside of the ER |
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Term
| What is the main goal of medical asepsis? |
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Definition
| reduce the number and spread of pathogens |
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Term
| What are some medical asepsis techniques? |
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Definition
| handwashing, personal grooming, cleaning of supplies/equipment, disinfection, proper disposal of infectious waste, steralization |
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Term
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Definition
| practices used to keep objects and areas sterile |
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Term
| Surgical aseptic techniques |
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Definition
| "scrubbing up", surgical clothing, sterile solutions, dressings, surgical drapes, steralized instruments, disinfection |
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Term
| What is the mindset of people's health according to the CDC? |
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Definition
| Everyone is infected with pathogens |
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Term
| Who sets up guidelines to prevent transmission of communicable pathogens? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the CDC put into place to protect staff |
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Definition
| standardized institutional procedures |
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Term
| What are standard precautions set up by the CDC |
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Definition
| handwashing, gloves, masks, eye protection, face shields, gowns, patient-care equipment, environmental control, linens, occupational health and blood-borne pathogens, patient placement |
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Term
| When are transmission-based precautions used? |
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Definition
for patients known or suspected to be infected with highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogens
(In addition to standard precautions) |
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Term
| What types of pathogen transmission are present in the hospital? |
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Definition
| airborne, droplet, and contact transmission |
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Term
| What can airborne particles cause? |
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Definition
| TB, rubeola, virus, varicella virus |
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Term
| How are air pressures in the room significant? |
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Definition
| creating negative/positive pressure allows airborne particles to remain in the room |
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Term
| What are droplet precautions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does droplet danger start form? |
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Definition
| coughing, sneezing, talking |
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Term
| What diseases can start from droplets? |
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Definition
| meningococcal, pheumococcal meningitis, bacterial pheumonia, whooping cough, strep throat, influenza |
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Term
| What is the most important precaution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of contact transmission are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| What diseases can be caused by contact pathogens? |
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Definition
| MRSA, enterococci, clostridium difficile, respiratory syncytial virus, scabies, impetigo, varicella virus, viral hemorrhagic fever |
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Term
| How is the MCB lab important in infection control |
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Definition
| they work with the infection control nurse and monitor types and numbers of pathogens, they notify infectious control about unusual findings |
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Term
| Comparison of suspected epidemic strains: biotype |
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Definition
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Term
| Comparison of suspected epidemic strains: antibiogram |
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Definition
| are their resistancies the same? |
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Term
| Comparison of suspected epidemic strains: molecular epidemiology |
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Definition
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Term
| What is directed environmental sampling? |
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Definition
| looking only for a particular bug |
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Term
| What three things do all health people need to aid in infection control? |
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Definition
1) fully comprehend the problem of nosocomial infections
2) be completely knoledgeable about infection control practices
3) personally do all in their power to prevent nosocomial infections from occuring |
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