Term
| What is diabetes and what are the different types? |
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Definition
Diabetes is an inability of the body to regulate the glucose level in blood.
Type 1: Begins early in life and arises when the pancreas produces insufficient insulin
Type 2: Begins later in life and arises when cells resist the effects of insulin |
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Term
| What are the parts of the cardiovascular system? |
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Definition
Arteries: Vessels flowing away from the heart
Veins: Blood vessels that flow towards the heart
Myocardium: Hearts muscle tissue
Atria: Two upper chambers of the heart which receive blood from body periphery and lungs
Ventricles: Two lower chambers of the heart which pump blood to body and lungs
Coronary Arteries: Blood vessels that feed the heart
Capillaries: Smallest blood vessels, deliver blood to individual cells and picking up wastes
Sinus Node: Group of cells in right atrium that generate the electricity that keeps the heart beating evenly |
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Term
| What are the different cardiovascular diseases? |
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Definition
Atherosclerosis: Narrowing of the arteries
Hypertension: High blood pressure
Coronary Heart disease: AKA coronary artery disease, result of plaque buildup in arteries
Myocardial Infarction: Heart attack resulting from low blood flow to area of heart
Ventricular Fibrillation: A life threatening arrhythmia marked by ineffective pumping of ventricles
Sudden Cardiac arrest: Loss of heartbeat and conciousness
Congestive Heart Failure: The heart can no longer pump enough blood to meet bodys needs
Stroke: A emergency in which blood flow to or in the brain is impaired |
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Term
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Definition
Angina Pectoris (chest pain)
Shortness of breath
Heart attack |
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Term
| What is CMR and what are the risk factors associated with it? |
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Definition
Cardiometabolic risk is a cluster of 9 modifiable factors that identify individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Abdominal Obesity
Elevated Blood Pressure
Elevated fasting blood glucose
Elevated Blood triglycerides
Low HDL Cholesterol
High LDL cholesterol
Smoking
Inflammatory Markers
Insulin restistance |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of disease marked by the uncontrolled multiplication of abnormal cells and in some cases the spread of these cells to other sites in the body |
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Term
| Key terms associated with cancer? |
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Definition
Carcinogen: A substance known to trigger DNA mutations that can lead to cancer
Tumor: An Abornormal growth of tissue with no physiological function
Oncogene: A mutated gene that encourages the uncontrolled cell division that results in cancer
Benign tumor: a tumor that grows slowly does not spread and isn't contagious
Malignant Tumor: A tumor that grows aggresively, invades surrounding tissue, and can spread to other parts of the body, all cancers are malignant
Metastasis: The process by which a malignant tumor spreads to other body sites
Relative risks: a measure of the strength of the relationship between known risk factors and a particular disease |
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Term
| Different classifications and types of cancer? What area of the body does each affect? |
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Definition
Carcinoma: Cancer of tissues that line or cover the body
Sarcoma: Cancer of muscle or connective tissue
Central Nervous system cancer: Cancer of the brain or the spinal cord
Leukemia: Cancer of blood forming tissue
Lymphoma: Cancer of the lymph system |
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Term
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Definition
| An agent that causes disease |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of disease marked by the uncontrolled multiplication of abnormal cells and in some cases the spread of these cells to other sites in the body |
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Term
| Key terms associated with cancer? |
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Definition
Carcinogen: A substance known to trigger DNA mutations that can lead to cancer
Tumor: An Abornormal growth of tissue with no physiological function
Oncogene: A mutated gene that encourages the uncontrolled cell division that results in cancer
Benign tumor: a tumor that grows slowly does not spread and isn't contagious
Malignant Tumor: A tumor that grows aggresively, invades surrounding tissue, and can spread to other parts of the body, all cancers are malignant
Metastasis: The process by which a malignant tumor spreads to other body sites
Relative risks: a measure of the strength of the relationship between known risk factors and a particular disease |
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Term
| Different classifications and types of cancer? What area of the body does each affect? |
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Definition
Carcinoma: Cancer of tissues that line or cover the body
Sarcoma: Cancer of muscle or connective tissue
Central Nervous system cancer: Cancer of the brain or the spinal cord
Leukemia: Cancer of blood forming tissue
Lymphoma: Cancer of the lymph system |
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Term
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Definition
| An agent that causes disease |
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Term
| What are the five main types of pathogens? |
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Definition
Viruses: Microscopic infectious agents that are composed of genetic material with a protein coat, can't multiply outside of a host.(common cold, flu, hepatitis, AIDS)
Bacteria: Single celled microorganism with genetic material but lack nucleus, they invade and reproduce inside host (meningitis, staph, toxic shock syndrome)
Fungi: Organisms with sophisticated cellular structures that have nucleus and flexible cell wall, feed on organic matter and includes yeasts and molds (yeast infection, thrush, diaper rash)
Protozoa: single celled parasites that rely on other living things for food and shelter (malaria, trichomoniasis)
Parasitic Worms: Multicellular parasitic creatures that are ingested as eggs or burrow through the skin and compete with the host body for nutrients (tapeworm, pinworm, hookworm) |
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Term
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Definition
| A person plant or animal in or on in which pathogens can survive and reproduce |
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Term
| How does bacteria move from host to host? |
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Definition
2 ways
Direct Transmission: Close person to person contact with someone who is infected, people living/working closely with certain animals, Bites from infected vectors (mosquitoes = malaria disease, deer ticks = lyme disease)
Indirect Transmission: Bacteria surviving on various surfaces, contact with airborne pathogens, drinking or eating contaminated water or food |
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Term
| Why is immunization so important? |
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Definition
| Because without vaccines we will still face diseases like polio, higher childhood mortality rates. It also allows a person to be exposed to a pathogen that will cause an immune response without actually infecting the individual. Vaccines also lead to a phenomenon called herd immunity |
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Term
| What defenses do you have against infection? |
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Definition
Nonspecific Front Line Defenses: Skin, mucus, cilia, tears, saliva, stomach acid, vagina secretions.
Cells involved in Nonspecific Immune Responses (White blood cells): Neutrophil (most common type), macrophage which eat bacteria and foreign substances along with damaged/dead cells, Dendritic cells (macrophages of lymph system), Natural killer cells (killer of foreign cells)
Inflammatory response: Response by damaged body tissues designed to kill pathogens, promote healing, and prevent the spread of infection
Acquired immunity: Bodies ability to recongnize and attack a pathogen that it recongnizes from a previous experience
Antigens: Substance, typically a protein, capable of inducing a specific immune response
Antibodies: Proteins released by B cells that bind tightly to infectious agents and mark them for destruction
Immunization Through Vaccines |
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Term
| Know the differences between different types of sexualities? |
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Definition
Hetero: Opposite sex
Homo: Same sex
Asexual: likes noone
Transgender: their identity does not match their assigned birth sex
Transsexual: A transgender individual who lives as the opposite gender of his/her sex |
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Term
| What is HIV? How is it transmitted? Why is it so deadly? |
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Definition
Human immunodeficiency virus is a virus which attacks the bodies immune system and is the most serious of all sexually transmitted pathogens. HIV is transmitted through blood, semen, body fluids, needle sharing, sexual interactions (hetero or homo), through mother to child during childbirth if the mother is infected.
Deadly because it attacks and significantly weakens the bodies immune system to fighting diseases. |
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Term
| Main STI's discussed in class? What pathogen causes each? |
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Definition
Hepatitis B: Caused by the hepatitis B virus, spread through unprotected sex
Genital Herpes: Caused by of 2 herpes simplex viruses HSV-1 or HSV-2, transmitted sexualy
Human Papilomavirus (HPV): Wart causing virus on different parts of the body, some strains can lead to throat, cervix, vagina, penis, and anus cancer, caused by HPV virus
Genital Warts: warts on ya dik
Syphillis: Caused by the bacterium treponema pallidum
Gonorrhea: Caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Chlamydia: caused by bacterium chlamydia trachomatis
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: when bacteria travel up the vagina and spread caused by variety of microorganisms
Pubic Lice and scabies: caused by tiny 6 and 8 legged creatures that live in pubic hair and burrow into the top layer of skin
Trichomoniasis: caused by a protozoan called trichomonas vaginalis |
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Term
| Natural contraception methods and pro/con of each? |
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Definition
Pull out method: Pro is it does not cost, con is that it does not prevent against STI's.
Fertility Awareness Method: understanding the fertile days of menstrual cycle and not having sex on those days, Pro is it is free, Con is it doe not protect against STI's and isn't always completely accurate. |
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Term
| Artificial contraception methods and a pro con of each? |
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Definition
Birth Control Pill: Pill taken daily that releases progesterone and estrogen which prevent pregnancy, pro is it's convenient and can lead to milder cramps and periods, con is it costs monthly and offers no protection against STI's as well as it's required daily
Male Condom: covering over penis prevents sperm from going in vagina, Pro is it does not require medical exam and prevents many STI's, Cons are it is only 80-94% effective and can be inconvenient in the moment and costs
Spermicide: kills sperm, pro is it is easy to obtain with no exam, con is it doesn't prevent STI's and has a high failure rate when used alone. |
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Term
| What does it mean to have a barrier contraceptive? Hormonal? Surgical? |
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Definition
| Barriers are a physical barrier in some sort or another that are placed on the penis or in the vagina that prevent pregnancy (condom, diaphragm, cervical cap). Hormonal is something that releases hormones that help prevent pregnancy (birth control pill, shot, transdermal patch).Surgical methods are vasectomies for males which prevent sperm from reaching ejaculate, or tubal litigation where the fallopian tubes are tied off or sealed preventing the ovum and sperm from making contact. |
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