an estimate of the state of an individual’s health derived from one or more anatomic, functional, adaptive and subjective indices

One’s health status today usually predicts one’s health status tomorrow. But is it always the same as one ages?

transitional probabilities of moving from one level of health status to any other level over a period of time

one's data on genetic inheritance, environmental exposures, health habits, and by identifying asymptomatic conditions and diseases known to significantly increase the risk of illness and untimely death

personal health services, provided within the context of clinical medicine

maintain health and reduce the risk of disease and untimely death

Proactive intervention that either maintains or improves an individual’s health as contrasted with the treatment of disease

1. Health Promotion
2. Disease Prevention
3. Medical Care

• ability to motivate action
• the availability of data to measure their progress
• their relevance as broad public health issues

To illuminate:

• individual behaviors
• physical and social environmental factors 
• important health system issues that greatly affect the health of individuals and communities

Pre-contemplation

Contemplation

Decision/Determination

Action

Maintenance

Unaware of problem, hasn’t thought about change; Not likely to change in 6 months

Increase awareness of need for change, personalize information on risks and benefits

Motivate, encourage to make specific plans

Making a plan to change within 30 days

Assist in developing concrete actions plans, setting gradual goals

Implementation of specific behavior action plans for less than 6 months.

Assist with feedback, problem solving, social support, reinforcement

Continuation of desirable actions, or repeating periodic recommended steps for more than 6 months.

Assist in coping, reminders, finding alternatives, avoiding slips/relapses

1. Perceived Susceptibility
2. Perceived Severity
3. Perceived Benefits
4. Perceived Barriers
5. Cues to Action
6. Self-Efficacy

One’s opinion of chances of getting a condition

Define population at risk, risk levels; personalize risk based on a person’s behavior; heighten perceived susceptibility if too loww

One’s opinion of how serious a condition and its sequelae are

Specify consequences of the risk and the condition

One’s opinion of the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk or seriousness of impact

Define action to take; how, where, when; clarify the positive effects to be expected

One’s opinion of the tangible and psychological costs of the advised action

Identify and reduce barriers through reassurance, incentives, assistance.

Strategies to activate “readiness”

Provide how-to information, promote awareness, reminders

Confidence in one’s ability to take action

Provide training, guidance in performing action

What is Conceptual Model for 

Health-related Behavior based on? 

At what stage of the Stages of Change model would a smoker be, who is thinking about stopping sometime in the near future?

What is the most effective approach to providing patient information and changing behavior?