Term
|
Definition
- is an acute process that develops when secretions or mucous plugs obstruct the flow of air into the alveoli.
- Postoperative patients are most at risk for developing.
- Prevention is an important nursing intervention to minimize or manage it and includes turning the patient frequently, encouraging early ambulation, and practicing respiratory hygiene activities such as deep breathing, coughing, or use of an incentive spirometer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- is an inflammation of the lower respiratory tract as a result of exposure to microorganisms or the aspiration of food or irritating gases into the lungs.
- Immunization with the ___ vaccine can help prevent community acquired ____.
- Meticulous hand hygiene can help prevent hospital acquired _____ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - is the inflammation of the mucous membranes of the trachea and bronchi and often follows an upper respiratory infection in children and adults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- occurs when protective airway reflexes are impaired or absent, allowing the abnormal entry of secretions from the upper airway or the stomach into the trachea and lungs.
- Recognizing the patient at risk for it is the best means to prevent this problem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- is characterized by the inflammation of the parietal and visceral pleura.
- The inflamed membranes rub against each other during inspiration causing pain as the inflation of the lung forces the inflamed membranes together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- is an abnormal collection of fluid in the space between the parietal and visceral pleura that can cause progressive dyspnea and pleuritic pain.
- It can be an indication of heart failure, pneumonia or a malignant tumor |
|
|
Term
| Acute respiratory failure |
|
Definition
| - is a sudden, life threatening inability of the lungs to provide adequate amounts of oxygen to the patient. |
|
|
Term
Acute Respiratory Distress
Syndrome (ARDS) |
|
Definition
- is a sudden and progressive form of acute respiratory failure.
- Patients require the expertise of the critical care team or multidisciplinary team. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is the most common form of chest trauma.
- Flail chest is a form of ______ that causes paradoxical breathing.
- The outcome of management is to support ventilation and manage pain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - can result in a pneumothorax or a hemothorax. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - is a hole in the parietal or visceral pleura that causes the lung to collapse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is a collection of blood in the pleural space.
- A chest tube is inserted to allow the removal of air or fluid and allows the lung to expand |
|
|
Term
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
|
Definition
is a progressive disease that limits air flow.
- There are 2 components, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
- A patient may have one component or both.
- Pulmonary rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary approach to manage ____ and improve quality of life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Sympathomimetics
- Anticholinergics |
|
|
Term
Sympathomimetic - Beta-adrenergics (beta2 agonist) – administered by inhalation
- Less severe side effects
- Increased heart rate, nervousness, tremors |
|
Definition
- Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
- Metaproterenol (Alupent)
- Tiotropium (Spiriva)
- Salmeterol (Serevent) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- bronchodilators
- anti-inflammatories
- mucolytics
- antimicrobials |
|
|
Term
| anti-inflammatory drugs for COPD |
|
Definition
- leukotriene modifiers
- glucocorticosteroids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
– reduce inflammatory symptoms that are a result of allergic or environmental stimuli
- Zafirlukast (Accolate)
- Montelukast (Singulair)
Administered orally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drainage tubes not used for |
|
|
Term
| the pt does this right before a chest tube is removed |
|
Definition
| take a deep breath, exhale, and bear down |
|
|
Term
| Acute Respiratory Failure |
|
Definition
- PaO2 < 60 (hypoxemia)
- PaCO2 > 50 (hypercapnia)
- arterial pH < 7.35 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- dyspnea
- pain
- assumption of position that dec pain
- absent breath sounds
- dec fremitus
- a dull, flat sound upon percussion
- dec chest wall excursion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- mild COPD
- FEV1, >= 80% predicted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- FEV1 < 30-50% predicted
- respiratory failure or
- clinical signs of right-sided heart failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Three primary characteristics
- cough
- exertional dyspnea
- sputum production |
|
|
Term
| respiratory distress and pneumonia |
|
Definition
| treat first with antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| anticholinergics for COPD |
|
Definition
Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
Ipratropium with albuterol (Combivent) |
|
|
Term
| Leukotriene modifiers - anti-inflammatory drugs for COPD |
|
Definition
Zafirlukast (Accolate)
Montelukast (Singulair)
Administered orally |
|
|
Term
| glucocorticoids– decrease the inflammation of the lower airways. |
|
Definition
Inhaled:
- Budesonide (Pulmicort)
- Fluticasone (Flovent)
- Mometasone furoate (Asmanex Twisthaler)
- Triamcinolone (Azmacort)
Oral/Intravenous:
- Dexamethasone (Decadron)
- Methylprednisone (Medrol, Solu-Medrol)
Combined with beta 2 agonist (inhaled):
- Fluticasone propionate (Flovent)
- salmeterol (Serevent) – Advair Diskus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Liquefy and loosen secretions
- Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Administered by inhalation
If used with a bronchodilator, the bronchodilator should be administered 5 minutes before the mucolytic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Used for infections as a result of retained mucus secretions.
- Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
- Levofloxacin (Levaquin) |
|
|
Term
| inhale bronchos and mucolytics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- inc dyspnea, cough, sputum
- tachycardia, tachypnea
- pleural pain
- central cyanosis |
|
|
Term
| SS of chronic atelectasis |
|
Definition
- same as acute, plus
- ss of a pulmonary infection |
|
|
Term
| the hallmarks of the severity of atelectasis |
|
Definition
| - tachypnea, dyspnea, mild to moderate hypoxemia |
|
|
Term
| Complications from Pneumonia |
|
Definition
- continuing symptoms after initiation of therapy
- sepsis and septic shock
- respiratory failure
- atelectasis
- pleural effusion
- delirium |
|
|
Term
| Two causes of chronic respiratory failure |
|
Definition
- COPD
- neuromuscular diseases |
|
|
Term
| Acute Respiratory failure |
|
Definition
- ventilation failure mechanisms
- oxygenation failure mechanisms |
|
|
