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Health Span I
MOD 5 Respiratory
40
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
09/23/2019

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Term
Atelectasis
Definition
- is an acute process that develops when secretions or mucous plugs obstruct the flow of air into the alveoli.
- Postoperative patients are most at risk for developing.
- Prevention is an important nursing intervention to minimize or manage it and includes turning the patient frequently, encouraging early ambulation, and practicing respiratory hygiene activities such as deep breathing, coughing, or use of an incentive spirometer.
Term
Pneumonia
Definition
- is an inflammation of the lower respiratory tract as a result of exposure to microorganisms or the aspiration of food or irritating gases into the lungs.
- Immunization with the ___ vaccine can help prevent community acquired ____.
- Meticulous hand hygiene can help prevent hospital acquired _____
Term
Acute tracheobronchitis
Definition
- is the inflammation of the mucous membranes of the trachea and bronchi and often follows an upper respiratory infection in children and adults
Term
Aspiration
Definition
- occurs when protective airway reflexes are impaired or absent, allowing the abnormal entry of secretions from the upper airway or the stomach into the trachea and lungs.
- Recognizing the patient at risk for it is the best means to prevent this problem
Term
Pleurisy
Definition
- is characterized by the inflammation of the parietal and visceral pleura.
- The inflamed membranes rub against each other during inspiration causing pain as the inflation of the lung forces the inflamed membranes together.
Term
Pleural effusion
Definition
- is an abnormal collection of fluid in the space between the parietal and visceral pleura that can cause progressive dyspnea and pleuritic pain.
- It can be an indication of heart failure, pneumonia or a malignant tumor
Term
Acute respiratory failure
Definition
- is a sudden, life threatening inability of the lungs to provide adequate amounts of oxygen to the patient.
Term
Acute Respiratory Distress
Syndrome (ARDS)
Definition
- is a sudden and progressive form of acute respiratory failure.
- Patients require the expertise of the critical care team or multidisciplinary team.
Term
Blunt trauma
Definition
is the most common form of chest trauma.
- Flail chest is a form of ______ that causes paradoxical breathing.
- The outcome of management is to support ventilation and manage pain.
Term
Penetrating trauma
Definition
- can result in a pneumothorax or a hemothorax.
Term
A pneumothorax
Definition
- is a hole in the parietal or visceral pleura that causes the lung to collapse.
Term
A hemothorax
Definition
is a collection of blood in the pleural space.
- A chest tube is inserted to allow the removal of air or fluid and allows the lung to expand
Term
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Definition
is a progressive disease that limits air flow.
- There are 2 components, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
- A patient may have one component or both.
- Pulmonary rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary approach to manage ____ and improve quality of life
Term
Bronchodilators
Definition
- Sympathomimetics
- Anticholinergics
Term
Sympathomimetic - Beta-adrenergics (beta2 agonist) – administered by inhalation
- Less severe side effects
- Increased heart rate, nervousness, tremors
Definition
- Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
- Metaproterenol (Alupent)
- Tiotropium (Spiriva)
- Salmeterol (Serevent)
Term
Drugs for COPD
Definition
- bronchodilators
- anti-inflammatories
- mucolytics
- antimicrobials
Term
anti-inflammatory drugs for COPD
Definition
- leukotriene modifiers
- glucocorticosteroids
Term
Leukotriene Modifiers
Definition
– reduce inflammatory symptoms that are a result of allergic or environmental stimuli
- Zafirlukast (Accolate)
- Montelukast (Singulair)
Administered orally
Term
pneumonectomy
Definition
drainage tubes not used for
Term
the pt does this right before a chest tube is removed
Definition
take a deep breath, exhale, and bear down
Term
Acute Respiratory Failure
Definition
- PaO2 < 60 (hypoxemia)
- PaCO2 > 50 (hypercapnia)
- arterial pH < 7.35
Term
Pleural Effusion
Definition
- dyspnea
- pain
- assumption of position that dec pain
- absent breath sounds
- dec fremitus
- a dull, flat sound upon percussion
- dec chest wall excursion
Term
Grade I
Definition
- mild COPD
- FEV1, >= 80% predicted
Term
Grade 2
Definition
- FEV1 50-80% predicted
Term
Grade 3
Definition
- FEV1 < 30-50% predicted
- respiratory failure or
- clinical signs of right-sided heart failure
Term
Grade 4
Definition
FEV1 < 30% predicted
Term
COPD
Definition
Three primary characteristics
- cough
- exertional dyspnea
- sputum production
Term
respiratory distress and pneumonia
Definition
treat first with antibiotics
Term
anticholinergics for COPD
Definition
Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
Ipratropium with albuterol (Combivent)
Term
Leukotriene modifiers - anti-inflammatory drugs for COPD
Definition
Zafirlukast (Accolate)
Montelukast (Singulair)
Administered orally
Term
glucocorticoids– decrease the inflammation of the lower airways.
Definition
Inhaled:
- Budesonide (Pulmicort)
- Fluticasone (Flovent)
- Mometasone furoate (Asmanex Twisthaler)
- Triamcinolone (Azmacort)
Oral/Intravenous:
- Dexamethasone (Decadron)
- Methylprednisone (Medrol, Solu-Medrol)
Combined with beta 2 agonist (inhaled):
- Fluticasone propionate (Flovent)
- salmeterol (Serevent) – Advair Diskus
Term
mucolytics
Definition
Liquefy and loosen secretions
- Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Administered by inhalation
If used with a bronchodilator, the bronchodilator should be administered 5 minutes before the mucolytic.
Term
Antimicrobials
Definition
Used for infections as a result of retained mucus secretions.
- Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
- Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
Term
inhale bronchos and mucolytics
Definition
before postural drainage
Term
SS of acute atelectasis
Definition
- inc dyspnea, cough, sputum
- tachycardia, tachypnea
- pleural pain
- central cyanosis
Term
SS of chronic atelectasis
Definition
- same as acute, plus
- ss of a pulmonary infection
Term
the hallmarks of the severity of atelectasis
Definition
- tachypnea, dyspnea, mild to moderate hypoxemia
Term
Complications from Pneumonia
Definition
- continuing symptoms after initiation of therapy
- sepsis and septic shock
- respiratory failure
- atelectasis
- pleural effusion
- delirium
Term
Two causes of chronic respiratory failure
Definition
- COPD
- neuromuscular diseases
Term
Acute Respiratory failure
Definition
- ventilation failure mechanisms
- oxygenation failure mechanisms
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