Muscular strength

Muscular endurance

Flexibility

Body Composition

Cardiorespiratory

Educate about health status, comparison

Individualized Ex Rx

Data for follow up, eval progress

Motivation, attainable goals

Reliable

Valid

inexpensive

Easily administered

Results = actual fitness level

Comparable to norm

Organize documents

Calibrate equipment

Organize equipment for sequence

Informed consent form

Maintenance of temperature

Anthropometric

   BMI

   Circumfrences

   Skinfold Measurements

Densitometry

   Hydrodensitometry Weighing

   Plethysmography

Weight (kg)/ Height (m²)

>30kgm^2 = obese

Doesn't distinguish between fat, muscle or bone

Android obesity: fat on trunk

Gynoid/Gynecoid obesity: fat on hips/thighs

Waist measurement: above iliac crest

Subcutaneous fat is proportional to total fat

1/3 of fat is subcutaneous

Uses ratio of human mass to human volume

Hydrodensitometry (underwather)

Underwater Weighing

Bone and muscle are DENSER than water

Fat is LESS DENSE 

Air instead of water

DEXA (dual energy X-ray Absorptionometry)

TOBEC (total body electrical conductivity)

Ability to perform large muscle, dynamic, moderate-to-vigorous intesity exercise for prolonged periods of time. 

Low levels = increased risk of premature death (CVD)

Increases in CRF = reduce death from all causes

High levels of CRF = habitual exercise = health benefits

Product of maximal cardiac output Q and arterial-venous oxygen difference. 

Related to function/capacity of heart

Limit = plateau

• Steady HR obtained for each exercise work rate
• Linear relationship exists between HR and work rate
• Difference between actual and predicted max HR is minimal
• Mechanical efficiency is same for everyone. (VO_2max at given work rate) 
• Subject is not on medications, caffeine, stress, ill, 

Field tests

   Cooper 12 minute

   1.5 mile test for time

   Rockport 1 mile

Motor driven treadmills

Mechanically braked cycle ergometers

   Astrand-Rhyming cycle ergometer test

   YMCA

Step testing

   Astrand-Rhyming step test

   YMCA step test

Objective: Cover greatest distance in allotted time period

Objective: Run distance in shortest period of time 

Objective: Walk 1 mile as fast as possible

Get HR during last minure of walk

Single stage test lasting 6 minutes

Pedal rate at 50 rpm

Obtain HR 125-170 (measured during 5-6 mins)

Use nomogram to determine VO_2max

2-4 stages, stage = 3 minutes

Raise steady state HR to 110-85%of age predicted HR_max

Raise for at least two consecutive stages

Keep test a submax

Plot results, generate line,

Predict VO_2max using HR_max estimate (220-age, SD +/- 12)

Step height: 16.25 inches

22/24 steps per minute

up-up-down-down

3 minutes long

Take HR for 15 seconds

30 reps per minute

Men: 36.3 kg bar

Women: 15.9 kg bar

Highly reliable

Muscle Endurance

1. Warm up with submax reps

2. Determine within 4 trials, 3-5 minute rest

3. Initial weight (50-70% of capacity)

4. Increase by 2.5-20 kg

5. Final weight is 1-RM

Muscular endurance

Women: girl push ups

Men: regular push ups

Chin touch mat

Straight back

Max # consecutively 

Muscle endurance test

Tape 12 cm apart

40 beats per minute

1st beat: touch tape

2nd beat: return

Stop: 75 curl ups, broken cadence

Sit and Reach

Box (canadian)

Yardstick @ 15 inches (YMCA)

warm up

Remove shoes

Reach with both hands and hold 2 seconds

• Prescreening/risk classification
• Resting HR, BP, height, weight, BMI, and (ECG)
• Body Composition
• Waist circumfrence
• Skinfold assessment
• Cardiorespiratory fitness
• Submax or max test
• Muscular Strength
• 1 RM upper body (bench press)
• 1 RM lower body (leg press) 
• Muscular Endurance
• Curl up test
• Push up test
• Specific motion using appropriate equipment to fatigue
• Flexibility
• Sit and reach
• Goniometric of isolate anatomic joints