Term
| Absence of disease is which model? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The World Health Organization describes health as what? |
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Definition
| Positive state of physical, social, emotional and spiritual well-being. |
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Term
| What are the three sanitation triumphs that the US has had in the 20th century? |
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Definition
1. Clean water
2. Waste disposal
3. Personal Hygiene (soap) |
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Term
| What are the 2 infectious disease triumphs that the US has had in the 20th century? |
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Definition
1. sterilization and infection control
2. antibiotic medication |
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Term
| What are the 6 economic and political development triumphs that the US has had in the 20th century? |
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Definition
1. Regulation of working hours and conditions
2. Improvements in nutrition
3. Mechanization of work and transportation
4. Universal education
5. Economic development and the rise of the middle-class
6. Industrial and transportation safety regulation |
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Term
| Why is aging a huge problem in the 21st century? |
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Definition
1. Caring for the elderly is very expensive
2. End of life care is very expensive
3. As a society, we have been underfunding social programs that will support the upcoming bulge of older people |
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Term
| What are the diseases of ease? |
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Definition
1. Heart Disease
2. Cancer
3. Obesity
4. Lung Disease
5. Liver Disease
6. Unintentional injury from motor vehicles
7. HIV/AIDS |
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Term
| What is the definition of obesity? |
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Definition
| Having a very high amount of body fat in relation to lean body mass or BMI of 30 or over |
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Term
| What is a Body Mass Index (BMI)? |
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Definition
| A measure of an adult's weight in relation to his or her height. |
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|
Term
| What is the equation for calculating BMI? |
|
Definition
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Term
| All types of diabetes involve elevated levels of _____ _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pancreas fails to produce insulin due to autoimmune disease |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| body becomes resistant to insulin and cannot produce enough |
|
|
Term
| Which type of diabetes is the most common? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do we use cognitive frameworks? |
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Definition
| to help us understand, interpret, and navigate the world. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a set of methods for answering questions |
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Term
| What are the goals of science? |
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Definition
| understanding, prediction, control |
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Term
| Science is a method, ___ a body of knowledge. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is theory Descartes' theory? |
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Definition
| mind-body dualism (separate realms of existence) |
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Term
| What are the two theories that believe that all can be explained through simple physical laws? |
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Definition
| Materialism and reduction |
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Term
| What are the two theories that believe that all can be explained through simple physical laws? |
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Definition
| Materialism and reduction |
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Term
| What is radical behaviorism? |
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Definition
| There is no mind, only stimulus-response links |
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Term
| How do reductionist look at problems? |
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Definition
| They see complex problems and try to break them down into smaller ideas |
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Term
| Materialist believe that ______ and ______ are the only realities in the universe |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In radical behaviorism, all behavior is viewed in terms of _________ and _______ conditioning |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the premise of complex systems science? |
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Definition
| Properties of complex systems are more than the sum of their parts |
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Term
| How and why does one study adpative multilevel systems? |
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Definition
| Must study the system as a whole since you cannot predict the adaptive behavior of the complex system from the properties of its parts |
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Term
| Reduction science is better at isolating ______ causes |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Complex science systems are better at understanding how ________ causes interact |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the three broad approaches to behavior? |
|
Definition
| organismic, environmentalism, interactionism |
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|
Term
| What is the equation for the organismic approach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the equation for the environmentalism approach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the equation for interactionism? |
|
Definition
| Behavior= (f) Person and environment. |
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|
Term
| What are the four organismic models? |
|
Definition
1. Medical
2. Biogenetic
3. Psychosomatic
4. psychodynamic |
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|
Term
| What is the model under environmentalism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does psychosomatic medicine do? |
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Definition
| Looks at how psychological factors lead to health problems |
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|
Term
| What do psychodynamic believer think? |
|
Definition
| Behavior arises from within the person, driven by unconscious forces |
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|
Term
| What do psychodynamic believer think? |
|
Definition
| Behavior arises from within the person, driven by unconscious forces |
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|
Term
| What is reciprocal determinism? |
|
Definition
| cause and effect goes both ways |
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|
Term
| Why is the biopsychosocial model so important? |
|
Definition
1. Incoporates systems thinking
2. Allows for multiple sources of causality
3. Encourages interdisciplinary work.
4. Allows a problem to be approached at multiple levels of analysis
5. Encourages creating more comprehensive understanding of health and behavior |
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|
Term
| What do social cognitive models do? |
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Definition
| Understand how individuals interact with environment. |
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Term
| In the social ecological model, health is a function of what? |
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Definition
| Health is a function of how the individual interacts with and is influenced by these larger environmental systems. |
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Term
| Public health outlets commonly use this type of model |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of the occurrence and distribution of diseases and other health related conditions in populations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of the occurrence and distribution of diseases and other health related conditions in populations |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of the diagnosis and treatment of disease in individuals |
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|
Term
| What is behavior epidemiology? |
|
Definition
| it involves studying how lifestyle and behavior influence health and disease in populations |
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Term
| What is the incidence of a disease? |
|
Definition
| number of new cases that appear during a specific period of time |
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|
Term
| What is the prevalence of a disease? |
|
Definition
| total number of cases of a disease at a particular point in time. |
|
|
Term
| prevalence= incidence x ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you express prevalence? |
|
Definition
| number of people with the disease/size of population. |
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|
Term
| How do you measure mortality rate? |
|
Definition
| number dead/population size |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Usual course of a disease |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a confounding variable? |
|
Definition
| a variable that associated with the cause of a disease, but is not really the cause |
|
|
Term
| What are the four epidemiological research methods? |
|
Definition
1. Surveillance data
2. Cross-sectional
3. Cohort studies (retrospective and prospective)
4. Case-control |
|
|
Term
| What is surveillance data? |
|
Definition
| It is a method used to track changes in incidence and prevalence of diseases over time. |
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|
Term
| Characteristics of a cross-sectional |
|
Definition
1. Data is collected from a sample at a single point in time
2. Study the association between risk factors and diseases
3. Often uses multivariate analysis to try to eliminate confounding variables |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of people who start at the same time. |
|
|
Term
| What is the goal of cohort studies? |
|
Definition
| To identify risk factors for different health outcomes |
|
|
Term
| What do prospective cohort studies do? |
|
Definition
| collect data now and predict future disease |
|
|
Term
| What do retrospective cohort studies do? |
|
Definition
| looking into the past and try to predict current disease |
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|
Term
| ______ _______ always compare rates of disease in two groups of people |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Main 4 characteristics of a case control study |
|
Definition
1. Identify people who have the disease
2. Select a matched control group of people without the disease
3. Determine exposure to the risk factor in the past
4. Compare the proportions of cases exposed to the proportion of controls exposed |
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|
Term
| What are the 8 levels of data and proof? |
|
Definition
1. Anecdotes
2. Testimonials
3. Case Studies
4. Descriptive, correlational studies
5. Epidemiological Research designs
6. Treatment studies, without a control group
7. Treatment studies with a matched control group
8. Clinical trials |
|
|
Term
| What are clinical trials? |
|
Definition
| randomized treatment studies with one or more control groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the proportion of people without the disease who have a negative test result |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the proportion of people with disease who have a positive test result |
|
|
Term
| What are the four core assumptions of the Health Belief model? |
|
Definition
1. Feels susceptible to a negative health condition
2. Believes that the health problem is enough to warrant action.
3. Perceives a benefit from taking action
4. Can overcome barriers to take action |
|
|
Term
| What are the three parts to the theory of reasoned action? |
|
Definition
1. Attitudes
2. Subjective or social norms
3. Behavioral intentions |
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 stages in the Trans-theoretical approach? |
|
Definition
1. Pre-contemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance
6. termination |
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|
Term
| What is the primary appraisal in the Lazarus coping model? |
|
Definition
| Is it a threat or a challenge? |
|
|
Term
| What is the secondary appraisal in the Lazarus coping model? |
|
Definition
| Am I able to cope with the threat or challenge? |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 types of coping? |
|
Definition
1. Problem focused coping
2. Emotion focused coping
3. Avoidant coping
4. Seeking Information
5. Seeking social support |
|
|
Term
| What is problem focused coping? |
|
Definition
| Is there a way to solve the problem or fix it? |
|
|
Term
| What is emotion focused coping? |
|
Definition
| Is there a way to feel better about it? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Denial or refusal to acknowledge stress |
|
|
Term
| What is seek information? |
|
Definition
| Learning more about the problem |
|
|
Term
| What is seeking social support? |
|
Definition
| Turning to others for comfort and aid |
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