Term
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Definition
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Term
Proportional Changes
Weight |
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Definition
1.8 to 2.7 lb per year
Average weight at 2 years is 26.5 lbs
birth weight x4 by 2 1/2
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Term
Proportional Changes
Height |
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Definition
3 inches per year (legs more than trunk)
average height of 2 year old is 34 inches
steplike growth curve |
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Term
Proportional Changes
Toddler
Posture |
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Definition
| Toddler's retain pot bellies because of less developed abdominal musculature and short legs. The legs retain a slightly bowed of curved appearance during the second year from the weight of the relatively large trunk. |
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Term
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Definition
20/40 vision acceptable
persisten strabismus requires professional attention
Depth perception still developing (risk for falls)
less likely to taste something new |
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Term
When and how does voluntary control occur?
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Definition
myelination of the spinal cord, controlof the anal and urethal sphincters
between ages 18 months and 24months |
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Term
| What occurs as a result of neurobehavioral organization in a toddler? |
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Definition
greater regularity of sleep-wake cycle
diminishing of crying and unexplain fussyness
enhanced predictability of mood |
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Term
Gross Motor Development
Toddler
12-13 months |
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Definition
| walk alone using a wide stance for extra balance |
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Term
Gross Motor Development
Toddler
age 2 |
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Definition
| can walk up and down stairs |
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Term
Gross Motor Development
Toddler
2 1/2 years |
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Definition
| they can jump using both feet, stand on one foot for a second or two, manage a few steps on tiptoe. |
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Term
Gross Motor Development
Toddler
end of 2nd year |
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Definition
| stand on one foot, walk on tiptoe and climb stairs with alternating footing |
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Term
Fine motor development
Toddler
12 months |
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Definition
| toddlers are able to grasp a very small object but are unable to release it at will. |
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Term
Fine motor development
Toddler
15 months |
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Definition
can drop a raison into a narrow-necked bottle
Casting or throwing objects and retreiving them become almost obsessive.
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Term
Fine motor development
Toddler
18 months |
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Definition
| can throw a ball overhand without losing balance |
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Term
Fine motor development
Toddler
2 years |
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Definition
| toddlers use their hands to build towers |
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Term
Fine motor development
Toddler
3 years |
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Definition
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Term
Psychosocial development of a Toddler
Some specific tasks |
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Definition
Differentiation of self from others
Toleration of separation from parent
Ability to withstand delayed gratification
Controlover bodily functions
Acquisition of socially acceptable behavior
Verbal means of communication
Ability to interact with other ina less egocentric manner. |
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Term
Erikson
Stage?
Explain Stage |
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Definition
Acquiring a sense of autonomy while overcoming a sense of doubt and shame.
Continued dependence creates a sense of doubt regarding their potential capacity to control actions. Feel shame for feelings of revolt. Skillful monitoring and balance of controls by parents allows realistic successes and emergence of autonomy |
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Term
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Definition
| persistent negative response to requests |
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Term
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Definition
| maintain sameness and reliability, provides comfort. |
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Term
| Tertiary Circular Reactions |
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Definition
| (13-18 months)- fifth stage- the child uses active experimentation to achieve previously unattainable goals. Further differentation of oneself from objects. Evident in venturing away from parents and tolerating longer period separation. |
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Term
| Toddler- Causual relationships |
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Definition
| (13-18 months)- between events is apparent. light switch but are not able to transfer knowledge to new situations. |
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Term
| Toddler spatial relationships |
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Definition
| (13-18 months)- recognize shapes and relationships to each other (nesting dolls, own height) |
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Term
| Toddler Object Permanance |
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Definition
| (13-18 months)- increasingly aware of existence of objects behind closed doors, drawers and under tables. |
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Term
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Definition
| (19-24 months)- invention of new means through mental combination. Prepared for the more complex mental operations of peroperational thought. Toddlers will now actively search for an object in several potential hiding places. |
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Term
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Definition
| (19-24 months)- Children are acutely aware of others' actions and attempt to copy them in gestures and words (Domestic mimicry) |
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Term
Toddler
Preoperational Phase |
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Definition
| Age 2- lasts until about 4- implies that children cannot think in terms of operations- the ability to manipulate objects in relation to each other in a logical fashion. Problem solving isbasedon what they see or hear rather that what they recall. |
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Term
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Definition
| age 2- the "why" and "how" of things. (needle something that hurts) |
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Term
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Definition
| Second year- recognize self in mirror and make verbal references to self. Gender differences. important personal space. |
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Term
| Toddler- Social development |
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Definition
| Major task of toddler is differentiation of the self from significant otheres. (Separation and individualizatiom)have some ability to withstand delayed gratification and toleratemoderate frustration. Verbal and visual reassurance from the parents gradually replaces some of the previous need to be physically close for comfort. |
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Term
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Definition
| as a toddler separates from the mothere and begins to make sense of experiences in the enviroment, he or she is drawn back to the mother for assistance in verbally articulating the meaning of the experiences. (insecurity and confusion if bad reaction by parent.) |
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Term
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Definition
| blanket/toy- use especiallly when they are separated from their parents, dealing with a new stress, or just fatigued. |
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Term
| Toddler-Language Gestures vs speech |
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Definition
| Gestures precede or accompany each of the language milestones up to 30 months of age. After sufficient language development, gestures phase out, and the pace of word learning increases. |
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Term
| When should parents be taught about toilet training? |
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Definition
| Anticipatory guidance and clincal intervention for families surrounding toilet training should begin during routine well-child visits before the child's developmental readiness. reveal and allay misconceptions. |
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Term
| Fiver markers signal child readiness for toilet training |
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Definition
bladder readiness
bowel readiness
cognitive readiness
motor readiness
physiological readiness |
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Term
| When can I start using time outs for temper tantrums? |
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Definition
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Term
| How approach a child to take vitals? |
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Definition
| Do not ask. Tell the child what you are doing and do it. If you ask and the child says no then you a building mistrust because you have to take the vitals anyway. |
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Term
| What should I do if the child starts to show regression? |
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Definition
| ignore it while praising existing patterns of appropriate behavior. Do not attempt new areas of learning when an additional crisis is present or expected. |
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Term
| Serving size for a toddler? |
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Definition
| 1 tbsp of solid food per year of age, or one fourth to one third of the adult portion size. |
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Term
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Definition
| about 11 to 12 hours a day. Children reach an adult pattern of sleep by 3 years of age. |
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Term
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Definition
| first visit by 6 months of age |
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Term
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Definition
| all infants and toddlers ridein a rear-facing care safety seat until they reach age of 2 years. (usually max 35lb) |
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Term
| what temp should water heaters be set for |
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Definition
| 120 degrees (usual setting 130- 30seconds to cause full thickness burn and 10 minutes for water 120 degrees) |
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Term
| Piaget's sensorimotor and preoperational phases of development |
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Definition
| the toddler experiements by incorporating the old learning of secondary circular reations with new skills and applies this knowledge to new situation. there is a beginning of rational judgement, an understanding of causal relationships, and discovery of objects as objects. Preoperational through is characterized by egocentriscism, centration, global organization of thought processes, animismand irreversitbility. |
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Term
| major cognitive achievement in toddlerhood |
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Definition
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Term
| The most striking characteristic of language development |
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Definition
| increasing level of comprehension |
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