Term
| Health Educators as Change Agents: Internal |
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Definition
| When health educator works within own organization to implement programs and policies to improve employee health |
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Term
| Health Educators as Change Agents: External |
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Definition
| health educator works to get organizations to adopt new programs/policies that affect health of employees/students |
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Term
| Planned Organizational Change directed toward: |
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Definition
People--training
Technology--programs and policies used
Organizational Structure--work relations, descriptions and rewards--hardest to achieve, strongest to impact |
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Term
| Organizational Structure: Centralized |
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Definition
pyramid/hierarchy
--clear chain of command/military in structure |
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Term
| Organizational Structure: Decentralized |
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Definition
power delegated to units within organization
--branch offices |
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Term
| Organizational Structure: Dispersed |
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Definition
All members are equal in power to one another
--joint decisions possible
--ex. university faculty and researchers |
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Term
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Definition
extent that rules and procedures are written
--distinguish responsibilities
--inhibit creativity of how to change
--but can uphold change that is implemented |
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Term
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Definition
group's basic assumptions about perceiving, thinking and feeling in relation to problems
--slow forming, often unnoticed |
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Term
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Definition
mood or personality of organization
--individual and collective perceptions |
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Term
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Definition
Organization’s ability to function efficiently and effectively
-Production
-Maintenance
-Support
-Adaptation
-Management
-Coordination and linkages with other organizations
-Linkage between social organizations and local
citizens |
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Term
| Stages of Organizational Change |
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Definition
-Initial Assessment
-Pre-initiation
-Initiation
-Implementation
-Institutionalization |
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Definition
-Analyze problem
-select goal-difference between how things are and how things should be
-choose strategy |
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Definition
choose change agent
prepare organization for change
increase awareness of need for change |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| top-down change strategies |
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Definition
| where top management support change and it is adopted promptly |
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Term
| bottom up change strategies |
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Definition
| if key decision maker not supportive, can foster support from members with less authority and 'grass roots' effort for change |
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Definition
| communication channels, administrative procedures, analyze drives and restraints, monitor changes |
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Term
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Definition
change has become part of system
indicators:
-change in strategic plans
-new job descriptions
-permanent staff
-stable funding source
-evaluate change outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
-E.M. Rogers
-process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among members of a social system |
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Term
| Stages of Innovation Process |
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Definition
1.Knowledge
2.Persuasion
3.Decision
4.Implementation
5.Confirmation |
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Term
| Knowledge characteristics |
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Definition
socio-economic characteristics
personality variables
communication behavior |
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Term
| Persuasion Characteristics |
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Definition
1.Relative Advantage--better than current
2.Compatibility-consistent with life
3.Complexity-ease of use
4.Trialability-experimented with
5.Observability-visible results
6.Reversibility-termination/revert back to original |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
first 2.5%
independent, ahead of their time/not to influential, research on own, try new ideas, first tests |
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Term
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Definition
second 13.5%
opinion leaders, influential
higher SES, extensive networks, always current with the ne good thing
targeted by change agents |
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Term
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Definition
third 34%
influenced by opinion leaders, adopt over time, large number and social norm regarding innovation begins to shift |
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Term
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Definition
fourth 34%
skeptics, wait until innovation is a norm, when it's seen as necessity, motivation greatly due to peers |
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Definition
fifth 16%
laggards, traditional and conservative, restricted communication networks
suspicios of innovations and adverse to risk |
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Term
| Two-Step flow of communication |
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Definition
interpersonal and mass media
1st opinion leaders pay close attention to media, receive info
2nd convey their own interpretations, as well as media content to others |
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Term
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Definition
Individuals
Groups
Institutions
Top Down
Grass Roots |
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Term
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Definition
Innovation doesnt work
ineffective communication
innovation not adopted
innovation not carried out properly
after implementation once or twice innovation no longer used |
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Definition
| group of individuals bound together by what they have in common |
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Term
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Definition
| community groups helped to identify common problems or goals, mobilize resources, develop and implement strategies for collectively set goals |
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Definition
| orientation to ways people who identify as members of shared community engage together in process of community change |
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Term
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Definition
| degree to which individual identifies and socializes with members of same cultural group and consciously participates in traditional practices |
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Term
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Definition
| awareness of differences b/w your own and others cultural perspective. |
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Definition
ability to respectfully interpret behaviors and promote health within context of community's culture
assuming vs knowing compared to stereotyping |
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Term
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Definition
-community characteristics affecting its ability to identify, mobilize and address problems
-how actively do members participate in the life of their community through leadership and social networks |
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Term
| Partnerships and coalitions |
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Definition
mutual trust formed based on openness and equal opportunity
-needed b/c, increases perpective, reduces burden, increase resources and awareness etc. |
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Term
| Principles of good community partnerships |
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Definition
agreement on mission, goals and outcomes
trust and respect and commitment
communication
evolve with feedback
strength building
agreed upon norms and roles |
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Term
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Definition
process whereby there is a change of some kind in structure and function of a social system
-change can be provoked by politics, innovations, new ways of thinking |
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Term
| Planned v Unplanned Change |
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Definition
planned-results from deliberate, organized efforts
(women in workforce)
unplanned-unintended consequences
(farmers market growth)
change happens along a continuum, can switch b/w the two |
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Term
| Rothmans Typology of community Organization |
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Definition
Community/Locality Development
Social Planning
Social Action |
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Term
| Community/Locality Development |
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Definition
| heavily processed, consensus and cooperation, identify and solve problems, health educators coordinate efforts |
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Term
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Definition
heavily task oriented
rational-empirical problem solving
sets goals
solves problems |
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Term
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Definition
task and process oriented
problem solving ability of community
concrete changes |
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Term
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Definition
-awareness of problem
-identify problem as priority
-institute steps to change problem
-establish structures to implement and maintain |
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Term
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Definition
social action processes for people to gain mastery over their lives and community
-community members assume greater control or exert power to facilitate change |
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Definition
Consciousness based on reflection and action in making change
-people engage in dialogue that links root causes and community actions |
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Definition
identify winnable and specific targets of change that strengthen, unify and build strength
-issues identified set as part of larger strategy |
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Definition
community organizing that starts "where the people are"
-community members create their own agenda based on needs, shared power and awareness of resources |
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Term
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Definition
community characteristics affecting its ability to identify, mobilize and address problems
-members actively participate in the life of their community through leadership and social networks |
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Term
| 7 Functions of Change Agents |
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Definition
-develop needs for change
-establish info exchange
-diagnose problem
-creates intent to change
-translates intent into action
-stabilizes adoption/prevents discontinuance
-achieves terminal relationship |
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Term
| Change Agent Success due to |
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Definition
1.client orientation---credible/trustworthy
2. # and variety of contacts--all client types
3.client involvement
4. Client Education
5. Marketing--fit target pop |
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Term
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Definition
| several epidemics that exist together b/c conditions promote their coexistence |
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Term
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Definition
| adaptation that enables the species to survive or thrive in an environment |
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Term
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Definition
| shared and learned aspects of thought and behavior that underline our ability to interpret the world and take meaningful action |
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Term
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Definition
networks, norms and trust people need to cooperate with each other, in a reciprocal way, for benefit of all
--available resources by virtue of relationships with others in networks
---trust and reciprosity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| relationships b/w people who see each other as similar in terms of social identity, origin and status-----families and groups |
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Definition
| networks of people who come together as acquaintances----sports teams, group projects |
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Definition
| weakest form, interactions across power/authority lines representing formal institutions-----teacher/student or physician/patient |
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Term
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Definition
explain behavior and suggest ways to achieve behavior change
-factors
-relationships b/w factors
-testable generalizable |
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Term
| theories assist with interventions by |
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Definition
Planning--why questions
Implementation--How Questions
Evaluation--did it do well
Reformulation and generalization--tweaks |
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Term
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Definition
why--why dont they choose healthy
how--how should we make best reach program
what--what should we measure |
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