Term
| What are the funding agencies? |
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Definition
| Government, Private Insurers, Social Insurers (Sick Fund) |
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Term
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Definition
| reimbursement of costs, contracting, case-based, performance-based, direct, |
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Term
| What are the three modalities? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of regulation does 'state' have? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of regulation does 'societal' have? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of regulation does 'private' have? |
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Definition
| Private-competitive regulation |
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Term
| What is the provision in 'societal'? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the financing in a 'private' modality? |
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Definition
| private insurance, out of pocket |
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Term
| What is another name for National Health Service? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for Societal Health Insurance? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the principle of National Health Service? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the principle of Societal Insurance System? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the principle of Private Insurance System? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a value and give an example |
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Definition
General normative principles that give direction to policymaking
Examples: solidarity, universal access, equity, freedom of choice, integrity of the body, privacy, efficiency…….. |
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Term
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Definition
Policy without leading values |
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Term
Explain the Modified problem pressure model hypothesis
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Definition
It assumes that all different health systems cope with the same type of policy problems (aging, rising costs, progressing medical technology) but the way a healthcare system deals with these problems may be different. The healthcare system is an important intervening variable between driving forces and the dependent variable (the outcome) |
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Term
| Explain functional equivalence and structural variation |
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Definition
· Functional equivalence: three functions (financing, regulation and provison) should be performed in any health care system. They are equal. However, the way the healthcare system performs these functions may vary
Same functions but three different modalities to perform these functions in varying ways |
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Term
| What are the three streams in the Kingdon Model? |
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Definition
| Problem stream, policy steam, politics stream |
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Term
| Explain the concept of non-decision making |
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Definition
The policy makers use their power to avoid something going on the agenda, this is agenda power not in a positive way |
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Term
| What are the three styles of policy making? |
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Definition
liberal-democratic system: political parties, free elections, free media, interest groups, involvement public and private sector
authoritarian system: opposite of liberal-democratic state, quasi liberal-democratic state; often single political party system; suppression of opponents
populist system: single or dominant political party, nationalist orientation, personalized leadership |
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Term
| what are some factors that influence the success and failure of policy implementation? |
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Definition
- clarity of the policy objectives
- financial, human and other resources
- socio-political support for policy
- information and communication
- organization and coordination
- power structure
- context: economy, history, legal system, and so on |
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Term
| Explain a moderately structured (ends) problem and give an example |
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Definition
high knowledge, low consensus
example: abortion |
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Term
| what is the demarcation problem? |
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Definition
Where to begin and where to stop? Which actors to include?
You can get easily drowned so you would have to demarcate where to start and who to include |
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Term
| what are the policy instruments? |
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Definition
•authority-based: e.g. command and control, regulatory framework
•treasury-based: e.g. finances, (dis)incentives, co-payments
•organization-based: e.g. privatisation, outsourcing, reorganization
•information-based: e.g. communication, marketing, quality
information |
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Term
| what is definition power? |
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Definition
| You are able to influence how a problem is defined, what kind of solutions might be taken into considerations |
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Term
| what is intervention power? |
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Definition
What can you do? Are you able to influence behaviour? Are you able to implement strategies to help resolve problems? |
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Term
| what is the objective of the rational model? |
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Definition
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Term
| does the rational model utilize horizontal or vertical decison making? |
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Definition
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Term
| policy making as 'mutual adjustment' is related to which model? |
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Definition
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Term
| policy making as 'muddling through' is related to which model? |
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Definition
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Term
| when public policymaking influences the institutional setting, what is this called? |
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Definition
| institutional change (reform) |
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Term
According to Pierson, Politics of retrenchment is not simply the mirror image of the politics of expansion.
Why?
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Definition
| once a policy has been expanded, there are many vested interest groups and associations that will fight for it. it will no longer be easy to take it away |
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Term
| what are the three mechanisms in institutional reproduction according to Kiupers? |
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Definition
The efficiency mechanism: change too expensive
The power mechanism: vested interests fight against change
The legitimacy mechanism: proposed changes are discredited as illegitimate |
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Term
| what type of governance is at the meso level? |
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Definition
| organizational. governance of a provider organization |
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Term
| what are the strengths and weaknesses of self-regulation? |
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Definition
Strengths: it is created by the people themselves and best adapted to their interests. There is a moral code.
Weaknesses: it is not officially sanctioned by the government, there are no formal sanctions. If the hospital doesn’t abide by the self regulated code, it’s not legally binding, it has an element of voluntary. |
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Term
| what is the subsidarity principle? |
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Definition
The government should not do what local government or not for profit organizations can do. So it should only intervene where societal organizations cannot or do not fulfill a role. |
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Term
| what is the problem with global governance? |
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Definition
Everything is being globalized except politics (David Singh Grewal).
We have a lot of global problems but we don’t have a governance structure that enables us to deal with these problems effectively |
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Term
| what is global governance? |
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Definition
Global governance represents a half-way house between the international anarchyunderlying realist analysis and a world state (Weiss) |
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Term
what is the solution to tackling global problems?
(hint: it is a type of governance) |
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Definition
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Term
| can governance exist without government? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of decision-making does network governance utilize? |
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Definition
| horizontal decision making |
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Term
| what are the stengths of network governance? |
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Definition
- highlights social responsibility
- highlights need for collective action
- may increase legitimacy/improve implementation |
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Term
| what are the weaknesses of network governance? |
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Definition
- covenant may only be concrete on objectives but not on instruments. Declaration on intents
- compliance/ enforceability |
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Term
| If a policy has been formulated, why is it not being implemented? |
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Definition
| lack of resources (technical, financial, political, personnel, managerial), lack of motivation, top down vs. bottom up approach, level of autonomy, too complex (too many actors are involved), takes too much time to implement, type of political system in place, low consensus and support, cause and effect relationship is not direct, |
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Term
what are some barriers to implementation?
(related to thesis on HIV/AIDs in Cartegena) |
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Definition
| stigma and discrimination, role of religious institutions, financial resources, decentralization of government (conflicting interests), lack of monitoring and evaluation |
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Term
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Definition
| responsibility and authority is passed down to regional or municipal governments with independent authority |
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Term
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Definition
| shifting power from central offices to peripheral offices of same administrative structures |
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Term
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Definition
| shifts responsibility and authority to semi-autonmous agencies |
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Term
| what is fiscal deconcentration? |
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Definition
| certain expenditures and/or fundraising are better performed by lower levels (regional or municipal) than central or national level governments |
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Term
| what are the motives for decentralization? |
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Definition
| more local or 'for the people', promotes democracy and acountability, creates more competition, citizens have leverage on their own situation (more local decisions) |
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Term
| what are the disadvantges of decentralization? |
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Definition
| lack of uniformity (health inequalities), federal government loses power, alot of small service providers, widens existing gap inequities, creates coordination problems among administrative levels |
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Term
| explain how lack of uniformity is a pro and con to decentralization |
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Definition
pro: each province can be tailored to their own needs
con: causes health inequalites between provinces |
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Term
| what type of health insurance does the principle of acturarial fairness apply to? |
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Definition
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Term
| explain substitutive VHI and what country does it relate to |
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Definition
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