Term
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Definition
| The end part of metabolism produced when there is a limited supply of oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| High-energy compound that can regenerate ATP in seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| With oxygen; lower intensity exercise |
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Term
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Definition
| Without oxygen; high-intensity exercise |
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Term
| Vitamin B12 requires ________ for absorption |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following stimulates the thirst mechanism? |
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Definition
| Reduced blood volume and increased solute concentration |
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Term
| Which water soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is a function of Vitamin E? |
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Definition
| Protecting PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) in cell membranes from oxidation |
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Term
| The deficiency disease or symptoms associated with vitamin C is |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| People in Alaska may require supplementation of this nutrient during the winter |
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Term
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Definition
| Deficiency results in microcytic, hypochromic anemia |
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Term
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Definition
| Essential for proper differentiation of epithelial cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood levels carefully maintained by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D |
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Term
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Definition
| Vegan diet must include reliable supplemental source |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone that reduces urine output |
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Term
| Hyponatremia is associated with: |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ refers to the coupled process of bones resorption and formation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following hormones are released when blood calcium levels fall? |
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Definition
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Term
| Insufficient vitamin D during childhood is associated with: |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin K's primary role in the body is: |
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Definition
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Term
| In which phase of the life cycle is bone loss the greatest? |
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Definition
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Term
| Folate deficiency during pregnancy is associated with: |
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Definition
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Term
| Macrocytic anemia results from a deficiency of: |
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Definition
Folate and Vitamin B12
Both A and B |
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Term
| In which of the following types of exercise would CP (creatine phosphate) be an important source of energy? |
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Definition
| Sprinting in the 100-meter race in 12 seconds |
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Term
| Where do we synthesize vitamin D? |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin D plays a critical role in maintaining calcium balance by actively: |
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Definition
-Increasing calcium absorption in the small intestines
-increasing bone resorption
-increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidney |
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Term
| The best time to replenish glycogen stores is: |
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Definition
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Term
| A limitation in using the body mass index is that: |
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Definition
| it does not take body composition into account |
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Term
| Which component of energy expenditure is the most variable from one individual to another? |
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Definition
| Energy cost of physical activity |
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Term
| What BEST describes the type of weight loss that an individual will experience by restricting calories AND increasing his or her level of physical activity? |
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Definition
| The individual will lose adipose tissue and preserve or increase lean body tissue |
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Term
| The type of eating disorder characterized by episodes of bingeing and purging is: |
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Definition
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Term
| The embryo is most vulnerable to teratogens during which stage of pregnancy? |
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Definition
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Term
| A low birth weight infant will weigh: |
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Definition
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Term
| Fetal demand for iron is highest during the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following hormones is responsible for breast milk synthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT associated with the female athlete triad? |
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Definition
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Term
| When someone with anorexia nervosa believes they are heavier than they appear in a mirror, they are demonstrating _________ of their body size |
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Definition
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Term
| The very first milk that a newly lactating mother produces is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following fatty acids is critical to fetal brain and eye development? |
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Definition
| Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) |
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Term
| Breast feeding benefits an infant because |
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Definition
-of the presence of immune cells and antibodies in colostrum.
-of the presence of appropriate amounts of protein and lactose in mature breast milk
-It allows the infant and mother to bond |
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Term
Consider there two people:
1- A 30 year old male competitive body builder who weighs 235 pounds and is 5'10''
2- A 50 year old male office worker and weekend bowler who weighs 235 pounds and is 5'10''
Who has the higher BMI? |
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Definition
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Term
| Basal metabolic weight describes |
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Definition
| The energy expenditure associated with maintaining one's heartbeat, respiration, and body temperature. |
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Term
| Good fluid sources for infants during their first year of life are: |
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Definition
-Breast milk
-Infant formulas |
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Term
| Inadequate intake of which vitamin is linked to cognitive decline in elderly? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Salivary production decline (dry mouth) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal taste perseption |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduction in gastric hydrochloric acid production |
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Term
| The fetus accumulates body fat and mineral stores |
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Definition
| during the third trimester |
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Term
| Infants born after normal gestation length and weighing less than 5.5 pounds are labeled |
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Definition
| small for gestational age (SGA) |
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Term
| On average, a full-term infant at birth |
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Definition
| weighs about 7 to 8 pounds and is about 20 inches long |
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Term
| Weight gain in pregnancy should be about |
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Definition
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Term
| Spina bifida and anencephaly are examples of neural tube defects. Women who have had a pregnancy resulting in the birth of an infant with a neural tube defect are being urged to take supplements of __________ before a second conception to decrease the risk of these birth defects. |
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Definition
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Term
| The main carbohydrate in human milk is |
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Definition
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Term
| The milk ejection reflex in breast feeding is controlled by |
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Definition
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Term
| Cow's milk differs from human milk because |
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Definition
-cows milk is higher in minerals
-cows milk is higher in casein
-cows milk is too low in carbohydrate for infants needs |
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Term
| Measurement of height, weight, and head circumference in infants and children |
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Definition
-are used to assess an infant's growth and development
-are typically divided into percentiles
-are used by pediatricians to look for health problems |
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Term
| Infant iron stores are depleted by _______ of age and need to be replaced in their diet. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nutrients that may be low in infant vegetarian diets are |
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Definition
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Term
| What factor contributes to childhood obesity? |
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Definition
-TV watching or playing video games
-Genetics
-High-fat, high-energy snack
-Little physical activity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Many elderly people avoid social contact because they |
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Definition
-Are experiencing hearing loss
-Have trouble seeing so they avoid going out
-have problems with urinary incontinence |
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Term
| Anaerobic glycolysis is the |
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Definition
| breakdown of glucose to lactic acid |
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Term
| The only fuel that can be used in anaerobic glycolysis is |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucose is stored in muscle tissue as |
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Definition
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Term
| In order to build up maximum stores of muscle glycogen for long-distance marathons, one should consume a ___________ diet. |
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Definition
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Term
| Physical activity can ______ blood glucose levels for a person with diabetes |
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Definition
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Term
| The suggested carbohydrate intake for athletes should be ________ or energy. |
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Definition
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Term
| The majority of stored energy in the body is in the form of |
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Definition
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Term
| Aseptic packaging is a method of food preservation |
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Definition
| in which the product and container are separately sterilized, then the container is filled with the sterilized food and sealed |
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Term
| Cross-contamination occurs when |
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Definition
| a utensil contaminated with a microorganism from previously handled food contacts a second food |
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Term
| For food safety, always keep perishable foods above ___ F or below ___ F |
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Definition
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Term
| To combat salmonella bacteria infections, never serve |
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Definition
-runny eggs
-undercooked chicken
-sprouts to children, elderly, and persons with weakened immune systems |
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Term
| Foods not to give infants because they harbor botulism spores include |
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Definition
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Term
| The parasite most likely to be found in uncooked and undercooked pork is |
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Definition
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Term
| In third world countries, blindness in children is usually caused by a lack of |
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Definition
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Term
| Prolonged nutrition is dertrimental in all stages of life but especially during |
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Definition
-fetal and infant stages
-early childhood
-pregnancy
-the senior years (60 and above) |
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Term
| The extreme form of hunger that may be associated with crop failure or war is |
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Definition
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Term
| In children, iron deficiency anemia is often linked to |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following activities raise HDL-cholesterol levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| A diet designed to reduce elevated serum LDL-cholesterol levels |
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Definition
-is low in saturated fats
-is reduced in dietary cholesterol
-Provides adequate amounts of soluble fiber |
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Term
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Definition
-Increases serum HDL-cholesterol levels
-Is beneficial in body weight regulation
-reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| While __________ suppresses gluconeogenesis, _________ increases glycogen breakdown. |
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Definition
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Term
| Symptoms of diabetes mellitus include |
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Definition
-heart problems and weight change
-excessive thirst and polyuria
-blurred vision and neuropathy |
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Term
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Definition
| decreases blood sugar levels |
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Term
| The most common type of diabetes mellitus is |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| increases blood sugar levels |
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Term
| Minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals in many plant foods interact to provide additional cancer protection. This concept is referred to as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Genetic variations and nutrients interact to influence health and disease of an individual. This concept is referred to as? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| are cells that break down bone |
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Term
| Bone remodeling is defined as a coupled process of |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| are cells that secrete a collagen protein matrix that can be mineralized to form a new bone |
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Term
| In addition to proper growth and development, bone remodeling is critical in maintaining: |
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Definition
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Term
| Bloos calcium is critical for |
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Definition
-transmission of nerve impulses
-muscle contraction
-maintenance of blood pressure |
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Term
| What is our primary dietary source of vitamin D? |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin D toxicity is associated with: |
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Definition
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Term
| Individuals who have diseases that result in malabsorption of __________ are at risk for a vitamin D deficiency. |
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Definition
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Term
| Newborn infants receive a single injection of vitamin K at birth due to the fact that: |
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Definition
| newborns do not have enough bacteria in their large intestine to make vitamin K. |
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Term
| Vitamin K is produced in our |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fibrous protein that provides strength to bone tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Dense tissue found on the outer surface all bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone that is secreted in response to high blood levels of calcium |
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Term
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Definition
| Porous tissue found inside bones |
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Term
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Definition
| Vitamin D deficiency in adults |
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Term
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Definition
| The oxygen-carrying protein found in our red blood cells |
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Term
| A folate deficiency may lead to |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: Heme iron is absorbed better than non-heme iron. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is vitamin K synthesized? |
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Definition
| By bacteria in the large intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxygen-carrying protein found in the muscle. Contains iron. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Primary iron-transport protein in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Iron storage protein in cells |
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Term
| Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to: |
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Definition
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Term
| How many weeks does a full-term pregnancy last? |
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Definition
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Term
| From the third month to term, the developing human is called a(n): |
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Definition
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Term
| Recommended weight gain during pregnancy is based on the: |
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Definition
| mother's pregnancy body mass index |
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Term
| During the first trimester, woman are advised to gain no more than: |
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Definition
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