Term
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Definition
| lack of shortage of basic foods needed to provide the energy and nutrients that support health |
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Term
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Definition
| learned psychological desire to eat that may or may not having anything to do with being hungry. |
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Term
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Definition
| science that investigates the relationship between physiological function and the essential elements of the food we eat |
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Term
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Definition
| constituents of food that your body requires to sustain proper functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| unit of measure (1 kilocalorie=1000 calories); indicates the amount of energy obtained from a particular food. |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which the body breaks down foods and either absorbs or excretes them. |
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Term
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Definition
| a potentially serious health problem in which a person drinks too much water. |
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Term
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Definition
| essential constituents of nearly all body cells |
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Term
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Definition
| nitrogen-containing building blocks of proteins (20) |
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Term
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Definition
| 9 amino acids that must by obtained from food to ensure health |
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Term
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Definition
| dietary proteins that supply all the essenial amino acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins that lack one or more of the essential amino acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| nutrients that supplyus with the energy we need to sustain normal daily activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| major type of carbohydrate which provides short-term energy |
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Term
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Definition
| provides sustained energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| simply sugars that only contain one molecule of sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| combination of two monosaccharides |
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Term
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Definition
| complex carbs formed by the combination of long chains of saccharides. |
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Term
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Definition
| polysaccharide that is the storage form of glucose in plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| polysaccharide form in which gluclose is stored in the liver and to a lesser extent in muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
| indigestible portion of plant fods that helps move food through the digestive system and softens stools by absorbning water. |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of the effect of particular carbohydrates on blood glucose levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of te carbs content of a portion of food multiplied by its glycemic index. |
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Term
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Definition
| basic nutrients composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms; need for functioning of cells, fight shock in body organs, body temp, and healthy skin and hair. |
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Term
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Definition
| most common form of fat in body; colries consumed in excess of energy needs are converted into these and stored as body fat. |
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Term
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Definition
| form of lipid circulating in blood that can accumulate on inner walls of arteries,causing a narrowing of challen through which blood flows. |
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Term
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Definition
| cholesterol buildup of the inner walls of arteries; major cause of atherosclerosis. |
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Term
| high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) |
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Definition
| compounds that facilitate the transport of cholesterol in the blood to the liver for metabolsm and elimination from the body. |
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Term
| low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) |
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Definition
| compounds that facilitate the transport of cholesterol in the blood to the body's cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| fats that are unable to hold any more hydrogen in their chemical structure; derived from animal sources, solid. |
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Term
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Definition
| fats that do not have room for more hydrogen in their chemical structure; derived from plants, liquid. |
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Term
| monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fats |
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Definition
| relative number of hydrogen atoms that are missing in a fatty acid chain. |
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Term
| trans fatty acids (trans fat) |
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Definition
| fatty acids that are produced when hydrogen atoms are added to polyunsaturated oils to make them more solid. |
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Term
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Definition
| essential organic compounds that promote health and reproduction and help maintain life and health |
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Term
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Definition
| substances believed to protect against oxidatie stress and resultant tissue damageat the cellular leve. |
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Term
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Definition
| fat-soluble compounds with antioxidant properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| inorganic, indestructible elements that aid physiological processes. |
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Term
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Definition
| minerals that the body needs in fairly large amounts -- sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur. |
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Term
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Definition
| minerals that the body needs in only very small amounts -- iron, zinc, selenium, iodine, copper, maganese, fluoride, and chronium. |
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Term
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Definition
| degenerative bone disorder characterized by increasingly porous and fragile bones that are prone to fracture. |
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Term
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Definition
| iron-deficiency disease that results from the body's inability to produce hemoglobin |
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Term
| recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) |
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Definition
| average daily intakes of energy and nutrients considered adequate to meet the needs of most healthy people in the US under usual conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| percentage listed at "%DV" on food and supplement labels; made up of the RDIs and DRVs together. |
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Term
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Definition
| vitamins and minerals taken by mouth that are intended to supplement existing diets. |
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Term
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Definition
| live microorganisms found in or added to fermented foods; they are intended to optimize the bacterial environment in our intestines. |
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Term
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Definition
| term that refers to individuals who avoid eating a range of animal products. |
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Term
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Definition
| treating foods with gamma raditaion from radioactive cobalt, cesium or some other source of X rays to kill microorganisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| overreaction by the body to normally harmless proteins, which are perceieved as allergens; in response, the body produces antibodies, trigerring allergic symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| adverse effects resulting when people who lack the dgestive chemicals neded to break down certain substances eat those substances. |
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Term
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Definition
| grown without use of pesticides, chemicals or hormones. |
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Term
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Definition
| person who primarily eats food grown or produced locally. |
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Term
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Definition
| increased body weight in relation to height. |
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Term
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Definition
| technique of weight assessment based on the relationship of weight to height. |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation of fat beyond that considered normal for a person based on age, sex and body type; generally defined as a body mass index of 30 or mre. |
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Term
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Definition
| ration that indicates increased health risks due to unhealthy fat distribution. |
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Term
| basal metabolic rate (BMR) |
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Definition
| energy expenditure of the body under resting conditions at normal room temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| cycles n which people repeatedly gain weight and then starve themselves to lose weight. |
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Term
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Definition
| theoretical mechanism by which the brain regulates metabolic activity according to caloric intake. |
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Term
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Definition
| theory of obesity causation that suggests that fat storage is determined by a thermostatic mechanism in the body that acts to maintain a specific amount of body weight. |
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Term
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Definition
| point in a weight-loss program at which the dieter finds it difficult to lose more weight. |
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Term
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Definition
| feeling of fullness or satisfaction at the end of a meal. |
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Term
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Definition
| condition characterized by an excessive number of fat cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| act of swelling or increasing in size, as with cells. |
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Term
| resting metabolic rate (RMR) |
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Definition
| energy expenditure of the body under BMR conditions plus other daily sedentary activities. |
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Term
| exercise metabolic rate (EMR) |
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Definition
| energy expenditure that occurs during exerice. |
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Term
| very low-calorie diets (VLCDs) |
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Definition
| diets with a daily caloric value of 400 to 700 calories. |
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Term
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Definition
| body's process of converting body fat into ketones to be used as fuel. |
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Term
| social physique anxiety (SPA) |
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Definition
| desire to look good that has a destructive effect on a person's ability to function effectively in social interactions and relationships. |
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Term
| body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) |
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Definition
| psychological disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation with a real or imagined defect in one's physical appearance. |
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Term
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Definition
| syndrome of three interrelated health problems seen in some female athletes; disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction or amenorrhea, and bone weakening or osteoporosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| any bodily movement that is produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles and that substantially increases energy expenditure. |
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Term
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Definition
| planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement done to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness. |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to perform regular moderate to vigoroud levels of physical activity without excessive fatigue. |
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Term
| cardiorespiratory fitness |
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Definition
| ability of the heart, lungs and blood vessels to supply oxygen to skeletal muscles during sustained physical activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| any type of exerices that increases heart rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| current functional status of a person's cardiovascular system. |
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Term
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Definition
| test of aerobic capacity administered by a physician, exercies physiologist, or other trained person; two common forms are treadmill running test and stationary bike test. |
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Term
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Definition
| percentage of maximum heart rate (220-age); heart rate taken during aerobic exericse to check whether exercise intensity is at the desired level. |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of force that a muscle is capable of exerting. |
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Term
| one repetition maximum (1RM) |
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Definition
| amount of weight or resistance that can be lifted or moved only once. |
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Term
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Definition
| muscles ability to exert force repeatedly without fatiguing. |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of the range of motion, or the amount of movement possible, at a particular joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| techniques that gradually lengthen a muscle to an elongated position (to the point of discomfort) and holding that position for 10 to 30 seconds. |
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Term
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Definition
| indian traditions geared toward self-discipline and realization of unity; promote balance, coordination, flexibility and meditation thr postures and breathing exercies. |
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Term
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Definition
| ancient chinese form of exercies; promotes balance, coordination, flexibility and stress reduction thru series of flowing postures and movements. |
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Term
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Definition
| exerice program developed that combines stretching with movement against resistance. |
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Term
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Definition
| relative proportions of lean tissue (muscle, bone, water, organs) and fat tissue in the body. |
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Term
| resistance-training program |
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Definition
| regular program of exerices designed to improve muscular strength and endurance in the major muscle groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| injuries that result from the cumulative effects of day-after-day stresses placed on tendons, muslces, and joints. |
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Term
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Definition
| injuries that are accidental and occur suddenly and violenty |
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Term
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Definition
| rest, ice, compression, and elevation -- standard first aid treatment for traumatic and overuse injuries. |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle cramps that occur during of following exercise in warn or hot weather. |
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Term
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Definition
| heat stress illness caused by significant dehydration resulting from exercise in hot or warm conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| deadly heat stress illness resulting in dehydration and overexertion in warm or hot conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| potentially fatal condition caused by abnormally low body core temperatures. |
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