Fist fight

Edema, depression of knuckle or prominent

comminuted, intra-articular (harder to heal)

located at the base of the thumb MCP

angulate volarly

normally pretty simple fractures

type II salter fracture: not good

epiphyseal base of #5

displaced into abduction

baseball finger or drop finger

loss of active DIP extension

residual permenant extensor lag

deformity of PIP hyperextension with DIP flexion

etiology: ligament and joint laxity, fractures, spastic conditions

deformity in PIP flexion and DIP hyperextension

button hole

ulnar collateral injuries

game keepers

usually result from trauma

issues: self-image, employment, limitations in roles, exercise

emotions: anxiety, depression, pain, discouragement, non-compliance

flexor pronator group

FCR, FDS, FCU

medial epicondylitis

signs and symptoms

resisted wrist/finger flexion and pronation

passive wrist extension

fall on head or neck of radius

FOOSH with elbow extension

sling cast at 90 degrees

FOOSH with elbow extension

olecranon displaced backward, invovles ligament

 immobilization, splint in 90 degrees

1st dorsal compartment

pain and tenderness on radial side

crepitis

edema, decreased ROM

 thumb spica splint

test: finkelstein

distal end of ulna has a significant amount of arthritis between itself and the radius

treatment requires shaving off part of the ulna

FOOSH involves displaced distal radius dorsally and radially

most common!

silver fork position and cock up splint

opposite of colles

displaced distal radius volarly and ulnarly

most prone

FOOSH 

reconstructive surgery

dominant hand:fused in 10 degrees of extension

non-dominant: fused in neutral

thickening and shortening of palmar aponeurosis

 affects digits 4 and 5

fascia and flexor deformity

inflammation of flexor tendon with reduced gliding

common in digits 3 and 4

A1 pulley

snapping, nodular formation

small fracture near a joint that causes ligament/tendon to tear

"chip"

no open wound in skin

"simple"

fracture of growth plate

usually in the long bones in children

"compound"!

open wound of the skin

luxation

disruption of the continuity of a joint - humerus head falling out

fracture dislocation - fracture occurs with dislocation

partial disruption in continuity of a joint

doesnt fully dislocate

hungtingtons

where is the mutation?

huntington's

what are the signs and symptoms?

early signs: affecting cognition or mobility - depression, mood swings, irritable, angry, forgetfull, clumsy, twitching, poor coordination and balance

juvenille HD: decreased school performance, handwriting changes, movement problems, seizures

later signs: STM diminishes, violent outbursts, trouble recognizig family, involuntary movements, walking speaking swallowing becomes difficult, tracking difficulties

huntington's

prognosis? complications?

prognosis is poor... early death 10-30 years after diagnosis.

usually die from a complication:

falls, suicide, chorea/rigidity, dysphagia, psychosis, pnemonia, and choking

treacher collin's

affects bone growth of face

SS: downward slanting eyes, underdeveloped eye sockets and cheek bones, small lower jaw, malformed ears, cleft palate

normal IQ, happy healthy normal lives!

if complications are treated properly no cognitive impairments will occur

happy puppets: motor, speech, behvioral issues

chromosome 15!

ataxic gait, balance issues, frequent laughter, severe DD, minimal use of words, hand flapping, short attention span, seizures, hyperactivity, microcephaly, love water, wide mouth, widely spaced teeth

lifespan can be shorted by 10-15 years

dandy walker

pathophysiology and S&S

congenital brain deformity of cerebellum and ventricles!

large 4th ventricle, no cerebellar vermis, and cysts in internal base of skull

slow motor development, enlarged skull, bulge at back of skull, abnormal breathing patterns, slow HR, increased ICP, malformaiton of face, fingers and toes, hydrocephalus, jerky eye movements

affects girls more often

unknown cause

complications: cleft palate, pancreatic disease, polydactyly

treatement: shunting, therapies

frost bite, burns, circulation problems, congenital limb deformities, infections, trauma, diabetes, PVD, tumors

chronic airborne bacterial infection in lungs

chronic cough, fever, loss of weight, failure to gain weight, loss of appetite, gastrointestinal symptoms, chills, shortness of breathe, flulike symptoms, urine discoloration

tonic clonic - grand mal, loss of consciousness, rigidity and clonis phase

absense - petit mal, breif LOC, quiet and twitches, doesnt remember episode

myoclonic - brief spasms, normally dont lose conciousness

parasites: pubic lice, crabs

bacteria: gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia

viruses: HIV, herpes

can only be controled, not cured

AIDs, genital warts, genital herpes

treated with antibiotics

clamidia is most common, gonorrhea, and the syph

treated with over the counter medications

crabs! no rash...just itchy

includes TBI, can also occur when there has been no direct blow to the head, toxic exposure infection, oxygen loss to the brain, and tumors

MS, CP, stroke, encephalitis

leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults!

acute care: medically stable

acute rehab: level 4 RLA, maximize function

sub-acute rehab: functionally maintain self

traditional/residential: community reintegration

outpatient: maintenence and transition to home

long term: psychosocial!

bacteria lodges! tissue necrosis! absess forms!

yuck!

swelling, inflammation, edema, pain, redness, heat, puss, febrile

bacteria in the blood stream = sepsis = death

joint infections from fracture or puncture

puss forms, destroys CT perminantly 

treated with antibiotics, surgical lysis

typically age-related hearing loss, toxic drugs, genetics, excessive noise exposure, trauma, aging

cant hear faint sounds, shouting in a loud voice, poor word recognition

sound waves are conducted inefficiently through outer and inner ear

impacted ear wax, fluid in ear, allergies, ear infection, poor eustachian tubes

normal word recognition, soft speech

typical gradual hearing loss, chronic condition

degeneration of sensory cells, sensorineural 

trouble with "s" and "th", tinnitis, hard to follow conversations 

ear infection - inflammation of middle ear from fluid buildup

conductive type of hearing loss

can be caused by viral or bacterial infection and chemical irritation

S&S: nystagmus, eyes cant follow parents,

convergence, large pupils, cloudy film over pupils, rubbing eyes, covers one eye when looking at details, squinting

 1/2 of child blindness cases are hereditary, ROP, hydrocephaly, asphyxia, infections

external pressure causing ischemia and tissue necrosis

external: tissues are externally compressed

internal: shearing, skin layers removed in opposite directions

stage I: intact skin with redness and change of temp

stage II: partial thickness, looks like a blister, presents as an abrasion, blister, and shallow crater

stage III: full thickness, necrosis of subcutaneous tissue, and deep crater

stage IV: full thickness skin loss, extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, damage to muscle bone or supporting structures such as tendons or joints capsule

children have thinner skin which leads to a deeper burn and dehydration easier

more likely to die... under3, 40% of life

possible abuse?

 scald burns and inhalation more common

 2nd leading causes of death

color

type and shape

location and size

depth and circumference

TBSA

smell, puss, ect

emergency: treat infection, dehydration, temp control

acute: treat complications, surgery, skin graft, wound care, splinting

rehabilitative: regain functioning, ROM, scarring! psychosocial issues