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Definition
originally a nonprofit health insurance established in 1929 offering comprehensive plans. Most BCBSplans switched to for-profit status in the 1990s.
BC-hospital coverage
BS-physician and other medical services coverage |
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Definition
| Medical care facilaties in the 19th century that house impoverished pts who had no friends or relatives to care for them. These institutions provided pts with only the bare necessities. The public generall perceived these institutions as places to die; professonals saw them as places to develop clinical experience. |
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Childrens' Health Insurance Program
(CHIP) |
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Definition
| program that expanded health insurance to atleas 1/2 of the 11 million U.S. children lacking health insurance |
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Definition
| illness that lasts a long time, affecting pts either continuouslt or episodically. Chronic illness such as hearth disease and cancer began to appear with greater frequency in the early 20th century. |
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| seperate, freestanding institutions in urban neighborhoods designed to provide medical care for the poor, usually employing a physician and/or pharmacist. |
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Definition
| report on the state of medical education in the United States sponsered by the Carnegie Foundation and prepared by Abraham Flexner in 1910. The report examined such factors as entrance requirements, teaching, labs, financing. and clinical status. Recommendations of the report resulted in closure of inadequate medical schools and new emphasis on scientific,lab-based medical education. |
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Health Insurance Portabililty and Accountability Act
(HIPPA) |
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Definition
| law enacted by Congress in 1996 that limits the amount of time a preexisiting condition may be excluded from coverage to 1 year, requires insurance companies to sell health insurance policies to small employers and individuals who lose coverage withour regard to their health history, requires insurance companies to renew policies they seel to groups and individuals, and outlines standards for pt confidentiality. |
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Term
Health Maintenance Organization
(HMO) |
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Definition
| type of managed care organization that shares risk with a network of healthcare providers by requiring that the providers assume some risk, either directly or indireclty,and that generally does not provide coverage for medical care that is recieved outside the network. The risk arrangement can take many forms, such as capitation or risk pools. The gatekeeper is a central compnent of most HMOs. The four basic types of HMO models are staff models, group models, network models, and independent practice associations. |
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Term
| Health Maintenance Organization Act |
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Definition
| federal law enacted in 1973 that set standardsd and provided start-up funds for health maintenance organizations-specialized insurance plans that involve restrictive provider networks and primary care gatekeepers that are responsible for refferals to other healthcare services and risk sharing with providers. This act also required employers with more than 25 employees to offer an HMO plan. |
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Definition
| aggresive type of pt care that used depletive and strenghtening measures to return the pts diseased body to eqm. Methods used included leeches, tonics, medical instruments, and medicinees to bleed, purge, puke, or sweat pts. |
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Hill Burton Act
National Hospital Survey and Construction Act |
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Definition
| federal law passed in 1946 that established hospitals in rural, town, and city aresa that were previously underserved and provided renovations and extensions to already-exisiting hospitals. This act contributed to the growth of major medical centers, which are now widespread in the US. |
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Definition
| Galen's second-century concept that saw the human bosy as interrelated and in natural balance. Health equaled a human body in balance; disease mwant the body's system was in disequilibrium. |
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Term
| Incremental healthcare reform |
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Definition
| step-by-step, slow passage of individual pieces of health legislation. Doesn't cahnge the strucute of the health care system. |
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Term
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Definition
| communicable, contagious disease that historically killed large numbers of people. These disease are always present (endemic) or appear occasionally with great intensity (epidemic). The include pneumonia, gastritis, measles, smallpox, and scarlet fever. |
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Definition
| Title XVIII (18) os Social Security Act; a federal social health insurance program for individuals 65 years of age and older, individuals who recieve disability benefits from Social Security or the Railroad Retirement Board, or individuals with end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis or kidney transplant. |
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| provision that created a new voluntary outpatient prescription drug benefit for Medicare recipients; it became available in 2006 |
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Definition
| Title XIX (14) of the Social Security Act; a joint program between the federal and state governments that pays for medical care for indiciduals who receive case asistance through the Ssupplemental Security Income program and certain low-income pregnant women, children, and other vulnerable groups. |
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Term
Medication therapy management services
(MTMS) |
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Definition
| borad range of activities within the scope of practice of pharmacists and other qualified healthcare providers intended to ensure that pts with multiple disease and on many medication get the greatest benefit possible from their medication regimen. |
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Orthodox physician
(allopathic, regular, mainstream) |
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Definition
| physician who possessed some didactic medical education and underwent apprenticeship to develop his/her clinical skills. H/she practiced heroic medicine. |
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Term
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Definition
| cheap concoction in tonic or pill that was widely advertised in newspapers and popular magazines and sold in pharmacies or by traveling tradesmen. |
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Definition
| model in which the focus of the practioner shifts from disease orientation (the body) to the person as a while. Practioners are encouraged to view the illness from the pts eyes. |
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Term
Patient Protections and Affordable Care Act
(ACA)
aka Affordable Care Act of 2010 |
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Definition
| the largest reform passed by congress to the healthcare delivery system since Medicare and Medicaid were passed in 1965. The law expands Medicaid to cover more individuals, expands access through the creation of state based insurance exchanges and non-profit insurance companies, and creates a pt-centered outcomes research insitute. |
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Definition
| the responsible provision of drug therapy for achieving specific outcomes that improve a pts QOL. A pharmacy's mission in taking resonsibility for pts medication-related outcomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| false medical knowledge or credentials used to defraus the public; manufacture or sale of nontherapeutic nostums or medical devices that generally cause harm. |
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Sectarians
(irregular physicians) |
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Definition
| rivals to orthodox physicians who sought education or training outside the orthodoxox medical educational system. They represented carious beliefs, therapies, or medical systems that competed with the orthodox practice of medicine and included homeopaths and eclectics. |
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Term
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Definition
| do-it-yourself medicine. It uses traditional practices, family recipes, and fold and herbal medicines to treat oneself and one's family. |
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Term
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Definition
| usuallt female healers who treated friends and neighbors in rural and small-town communities in the 18th and 19th centuries. pts sought simple medicines and treatments for boils or wounds as well as advice. Social healers were often also midwives. |
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