Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Health care delivery in America: Historical and Policy
UFCOP
28
Other
Professional
09/10/2011

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Blue Cross

Blue Shield

Definition

originally a  nonprofit health insurance established in 1929 offering comprehensive plans. Most BCBSplans switched to for-profit status in the 1990s.

BC-hospital coverage

BS-physician and other medical services coverage

Term
Charitable hospitals
Definition
Medical care facilaties in the 19th century that house impoverished pts who had no friends or relatives to care for them. These institutions provided pts with only the bare necessities. The public generall perceived these institutions as places to die; professonals saw them as places to develop clinical experience.
Term

Childrens' Health Insurance Program

(CHIP)

Definition
program that expanded health insurance to atleas 1/2 of the 11 million U.S. children lacking health insurance
Term
Chronic Disease
Definition
illness that lasts a long time, affecting pts either continuouslt or episodically. Chronic illness such as hearth disease and cancer began to appear with greater frequency in the early 20th century.
Term
Dispensary
Definition
seperate, freestanding institutions in urban neighborhoods designed to provide medical care for the poor, usually employing a physician and/or pharmacist.
Term
Flexner report
Definition
report on the state of medical education in the United States sponsered by the Carnegie Foundation and prepared by Abraham Flexner in 1910. The report examined such factors as entrance requirements, teaching, labs, financing. and clinical status. Recommendations of the report resulted in closure of inadequate medical schools and new emphasis on scientific,lab-based medical education.
Term

Health Insurance Portabililty and Accountability Act

(HIPPA)

Definition
law enacted by Congress in 1996 that limits the amount of time a preexisiting condition may be excluded from coverage to 1 year, requires insurance companies to sell health insurance policies to small employers and individuals who lose coverage withour regard to their health history, requires insurance companies to renew policies they seel to groups and individuals, and outlines standards for pt confidentiality.
Term

Health Maintenance Organization

(HMO)

Definition
type of managed care organization that shares risk with a network of healthcare providers by requiring that the providers assume some risk, either directly or indireclty,and that generally does not provide coverage for medical care that is recieved outside the network. The risk arrangement can take many forms, such as capitation or risk pools. The gatekeeper is a central compnent of most HMOs. The four basic types of HMO models are staff models, group models, network models, and independent practice associations.
Term
Health Maintenance Organization Act
Definition
federal law enacted in 1973 that set standardsd and provided start-up funds for health maintenance organizations-specialized insurance plans that involve restrictive provider networks and primary care gatekeepers that are responsible for refferals to other healthcare services and risk sharing with providers. This act also required employers with more than 25 employees to offer an HMO plan.
Term
Heroic Medical Therapy
Definition
aggresive type of pt care that used depletive and strenghtening measures to return the pts diseased body to eqm. Methods used included leeches, tonics, medical instruments, and medicinees to bleed, purge, puke, or sweat pts.
Term

Hill Burton Act

National Hospital Survey and Construction Act

Definition
federal law passed in 1946 that established hospitals in rural, town, and city aresa that were previously underserved and provided renovations and extensions to already-exisiting hospitals. This act contributed to the growth of major medical centers, which are now widespread in the US.
Term
Humoralism
Definition
Galen's second-century concept that saw the human bosy as interrelated and in natural balance. Health equaled a human body in balance; disease mwant the body's system was in disequilibrium.
Term
Incremental healthcare reform
Definition
step-by-step, slow passage of individual pieces of health legislation. Doesn't cahnge the strucute of the health care system.
Term
Infectious Disease
Definition
communicable, contagious disease that historically killed large numbers of people. These disease are always present (endemic) or appear occasionally with great intensity (epidemic). The include pneumonia, gastritis, measles, smallpox, and scarlet fever.
Term
Medicare
Definition
Title XVIII (18) os Social Security Act; a federal social health insurance program for individuals 65 years of age and older, individuals who recieve disability benefits from Social Security or the Railroad Retirement Board, or individuals with end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis or kidney transplant.
Term
Medicare Part D
Definition
provision that created a new voluntary outpatient prescription drug benefit for Medicare recipients; it became available in 2006
Term
Medicaid
Definition
Title XIX (14) of the Social Security Act; a joint program between the federal and state governments that pays for medical care for indiciduals who receive case asistance through the Ssupplemental Security Income program and certain low-income pregnant women, children, and other vulnerable groups.
Term

Medication therapy management services

(MTMS)

Definition
borad range of activities within the scope of practice of pharmacists and other qualified healthcare providers intended to ensure that pts with multiple disease and on many medication get the greatest benefit possible from their medication regimen.
Term

Orthodox physician

(allopathic, regular, mainstream)

Definition
physician who possessed some didactic medical education and underwent apprenticeship to develop his/her clinical skills. H/she practiced heroic medicine.
Term
Patent Medicines
Definition
cheap concoction in tonic or pill that was widely advertised in newspapers and popular magazines and sold in pharmacies or by traveling tradesmen.
Term
Patient-centered care
Definition
model in which the focus of the practioner shifts from disease orientation (the body) to the person as a while. Practioners are encouraged to view the illness from the pts eyes.
Term

Patient Protections and Affordable Care Act

(ACA)

 

aka Affordable Care Act of 2010

Definition
the largest reform passed by congress to the healthcare delivery system since Medicare and Medicaid were passed in 1965. The law expands Medicaid to cover more individuals, expands access through the creation of state based insurance exchanges and non-profit insurance companies, and creates a pt-centered outcomes research insitute.
Term
Pharmaceutical care
Definition
the responsible provision of drug therapy for achieving specific outcomes that improve a pts QOL. A pharmacy's mission in taking resonsibility for pts medication-related outcomes.
Term
Quackery
Definition
false medical knowledge or credentials used to defraus the public; manufacture or sale of nontherapeutic nostums or medical devices that generally cause harm.
Term

Sectarians

(irregular physicians)

Definition
rivals to orthodox physicians who sought education or training outside the orthodoxox medical educational system. They represented carious beliefs, therapies, or medical systems that competed with the orthodox practice of medicine and included homeopaths and eclectics.
Term
Self-dosing
Definition
do-it-yourself medicine. It uses traditional practices, family recipes, and fold and herbal medicines to treat oneself and one's family.
Term
Social healers
Definition
usuallt female healers who treated friends and neighbors in rural and small-town communities in the 18th and 19th centuries. pts sought simple medicines and treatments for boils or wounds as well as advice. Social healers were often also midwives.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!