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| Social Support & Social Networks provide |
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Definition
| concepts that provide information about the structure, process, and functions of social relationships |
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| Social networks and support have an effect on |
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| Social support is the functional content of |
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| Social support is the degree to which |
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a person’ social needs are met through interaction with other people
Perception that you can count on others for help
Resources that other people provide; tangible and intangible |
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Term
| Distinguished From Other Relationships (Five) |
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Definition
-SS always intended to be helpful by sender
-Consciously provided by the sender
-May not always be perceived that way by receiver
-Given with respect to individual’s right to self-determination, given with caring and trust
-One does not have to always use their support to reap benefits…just knowing one has support allows for benefits to be gained. |
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| Four types of social support |
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Definition
Emotional
Instrumental
Informational
Appraisal |
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Affect, esteem, concern
Expression of empathy, love, trust, caring |
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Tangible aid and service
Aid in labor, money, time |
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| Suggestions, advice, information |
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Feedback, affirmation
Information that is useful for self-evaluation |
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| An association of people drawn together by family, work or hobby |
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Term
| Social network was first defined |
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Definition
| The term was first coined by professor J. A. Barnes in the 1950s, who defined the size of a social network as a group of about 100 to 150 people. |
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| 3 Network characteristics |
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Definition
-Reciprocity and Intensity
-Networks with few ties, high intensity, high density, close proximity
-Networks that are larger, more diffuse, with less intensive ties |
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| Reciprocity and Intensity |
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Definition
| Linked to positive mental health |
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| Networks with few ties, high intensity, high density, close proximity |
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Definition
-Suited to maintain social identity
-Maintain affective support |
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| Networks that are larger, more diffuse, with less intensive ties |
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-May be more adaptive
-Better at facilitating outreach and
-Exchange of informational support |
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| Being Connected Improves Health |
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Definition
-Offers a psychological buffer against stress, anxiety and depression, which can protect you against developing an illness and cope better with medical problems.
-It may even increase your life span |
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| How Does Social Support Enhance Health? 4 |
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Definition
-Overall positive feeling
-Sense of self-esteem,
-Stability and control over one’s environment.
-Acts as buffer against stress. |
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Mortality & Morbidity
Impact on behavior
Impact on biological processes |
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Definition
Diet
Exercise
Whether you smoke
Whether you drink |
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| 3 impact on biological processes |
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Definition
Neuro-endocrine responses
Immune response
Changes in blood flow |
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| Directly or indirectly linked to |
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| to stroke, CVD, cancer, infectious diseases, allergies, autoimmune disorders, etc… |
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| Swedish men born in 1914 showed that |
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| good social supports and social networks decreased mortality from all causes. |
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| Males who did worst were those who |
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Definition
| felt a lack of social and emotional support, those who were dissatisfied with their social lives, and those who lived alone. |
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-Smoke, high blood pressure, stress and crowding- all in Japan.
-High risk factors leading to heart diseases
-Japanese have lower heart disease rates than we do.
-Protected by unusually close ties to friends, family and community. |
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| Social support is necessary for health from day 1 |
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Definition
| Babies w/ emotional starvation develop failure to thrive when not responded to. Pituitary gland fails to produce sufficient growth hormone despite adequate nutrition as result of loneliness |
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| People who are socially isolated have _______ health and die ________. |
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| Those who have few ties, may die at rates ____-____ times higher than those with good social ties. |
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-Contributes to depression
-Undermines your self-esteem and sense of purpose
-Leads to feelings of helplessness and hopelessness.
-Beware of support systems that are unhealthy, oppressive or rigid, or that demand conformity. These can be just as damaging as having no connections at all. |
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| may feel required, may give grudgingly |
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| want to be able to ask for assistance in future |
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| Three reasons why people provide social support |
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Definition
-Feelings of social obligation
-Selfish- want to ask for assistance in future
-Egotistic motivation- make self feel good |
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| Interpersonal conflict- recipient not ready to accept the provided support. |
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| If people in your social support system are continually stressed or ill |
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| you may suffer along with them |
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| If friends place heavy demands on time and resources, or if you're unable to meet their needs |
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| , you may end up more anxious and depressed. |
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| A social support system needs to feel healthy AND balanced to the individual. |
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| Some of the people you routinely interact with will be more |
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| demanding than supportive |
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| Give yourself the flexibility to limit your interaction with those people to protect |
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| your own psychological well-being |
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Wives # 1 support
Tend to rely exclusively on spouse |
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-Relied more heavily on other family members and friends than husbands.
-Women seem to get greatest health benefits from contact w/other women. |
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| Gender, instrumental support |
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| Women used family, agencies, helpers more than men. |
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Definition
-Both stated the quality of support rather than the quantity of support has significantly greater effects on well-being
-However, both the quantity AND quality of social support have a greater impact on the well-being of women compared to men. |
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| Support groups have been used extensively with: |
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Individual’s and families-long term illness
Supportive interventions can have an impact through encouraging...(6) |
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| Supportive interventions can have an impact through encouraging...(6) |
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Definition
-Mutual support
-Helping persons cope with body changes
-Reducing stress, realigning social support networks
-Enhancing family support
-Helping persons work through healthcare problems
-Enhancing quality of life |
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Breast cancer groups
Medical treatment only
Medical treatment and support groups
Treatment and support group = greater survival |
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Malignant melanoma
Therapy and no therapy groups
Support group had 60% reduction in death rates and one half the recurrences of melanoma |
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David Spiegel
These are other guidelines for the support groups: |
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Definition
-Personalization
-Emotional Expression
-Supportive Interactions
-Facilitate active coping |
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| Bring the issue into the room. Don't talk about how someone else is responding to your cancer, talk about your own feelings. |
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| Follow the affect [expression of emotion], not the content. |
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| Give everyone a chance to talk. |
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| Aid the members' real-world efforts to obtain better medical information or otherwise change their lives with, for example, meditation or self-hypnosis |
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| Characteristics of successful peer support interventions include (7): |
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Definition
-Being available at the right time for the patient concerned.
-Providing an open forum for sharing experiences and information.
-Being cooperative and collaborative.
-Being flexible in terms of availability.
-Being easily accessible.
-Being integrated into existing networks.
-Be structured to meet the needs of the target group. |
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