Term
| Which side of the lungs has 3 lobes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the leading cause of preventable death? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two reference lines you would use on the anterior thorax? |
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Definition
Midsternal line (MSL)
Midclavicular line (MCL) |
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Term
| What are two reference lines you would use on the posterior thorax? |
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Definition
Vertebral line
Midscapular line |
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Term
| What are the two reference lines you would use on the lateral thorax? |
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Definition
Anterior axillary line (AAL)
Midaxillary line (MAL)
Posterior axillary line (PAL) |
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Term
| What anterior rib do the lower lungs rest near? |
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Definition
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Term
| Inspiration is primarily facilitated by which muscles? |
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Definition
| Diaphragm and intercostal |
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Term
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Definition
| difficulty breathing while recumbent |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea |
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Definition
| difficulty breathing that awakens patient |
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Term
| What should you ask about during the respiratory history? |
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Definition
Vaccinations
Environmental Factors
Exposure History: inhalants, carcinogens
Past respiratory illnesses |
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Term
| What should you ask children during a respiratory history? |
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Definition
History of prematurity
History of vent support
Recurrent hospitalizations for pulmonary infection |
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Term
| What should you ask about during family history? |
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Definition
TB
Allergies
Asthma
Genetic disorders: cystic fibrosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of accessory respiratory muscles |
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Term
| What does it mean when fremitus is decreased during palpation? |
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Definition
| When anything obstructs transmission of vibrations (e.g. obstructed bronchus, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or emphysema) |
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Term
| What does it mean when fremitus is increased during palpation? |
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Definition
| Occurs with compression or consolidation of lung tissure (e.g. lobar pneumonia, tumor, Atelectasis, pulmonary fibrosis) |
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Term
| Name the different types of percussion notes. |
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Definition
Resonance: over normal lung
Hyperresonance: over hyperinflated lung
Flatness/Dullness: over dense tissue or bone
Tympany: thing "tight drum" |
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Term
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Definition
| Sounds are louder and clearer over airless tissue (pleural effusions, thickening, areas of consolidation) |
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Term
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Definition
| "ee" changes to "aa" over areas of consolidation |
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Term
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Definition
| Whispered words sound clearer over areas of consolidation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| gook in big airways; like snoring or clearing mucous |
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Term
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Definition
| low grating noise in peripheral and lateral chest; cough does not clear, noticed on inspiration/expiration; Plurisy |
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Term
| A patient coughing at night signifies what respiratory disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does coughing up "grayish-black" mucous signify? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What coud cause hoarseness? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some symptoms of TB? |
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Definition
| Weight loss, night sweats, bloody sputum |
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Term
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Definition
| Collapsed alveoli that open back up after person has been shallow breathing and then takes a deep breath |
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Term
| What would breath and voice sounds sound like when listening to an airless lung (ex: lobar pneumonia)? |
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Definition
-Spoken words would sound louder and clearer
-Spoken "ee" would change to "aa"
-whispered words would be louder and clearer |
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Term
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Definition
| High-pitched harsh sound that is entirely or predominately inspiratory |
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Term
| What are the anatomical landmarks for the lungs on the anterior chest? |
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Definition
-Lung apices (apex) is 3-4cm about clavicle
-Lower lungs rest on diaphragm at 6th rib, midclavicular line |
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Term
| What are the anatomical landmarks for the lungs on the posterior chest? |
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Definition
-Apices near C7
-Lower lungs near T10
-Trachea bifurcates at T4 |
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Term
| How would you evaluate respiratory excursion? |
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Definition
-place hands on each side near 10th rib
-have pt. take deep breath
-measure distance between thumbs and expiration |
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Term
| List the percussion note, adventitious sounds and tactile fremitus/transmitted voice sounds in early left sided HF. |
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Definition
1. Resonant
2. Late inspiratory crackles in dependent portion of lungs, possibly wheezes
3. Normal |
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Term
| List the percussion note, adventitious sounds, and tactile fremitus/transmitted voice sounds in consolidation. |
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Definition
1. Dull over the airless area
2. Late inspiratory crackles over involved area
3. Increased over area with bronchophony, egophony, and whispered pectoriloquy |
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Term
| List the percussion note, adventitious sounds, and tactile fremitus/transmitted voice sounds for atelectasis (Lobar obstruction). |
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Definition
1. Dull over airless area
2. None
3. Usually absent when bronchial plug persists |
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Term
| List the percussion note, adventitious sounds, and tactile fremitus/transmitted voice sounds in pleural effusion. |
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Definition
1. Dull to flat over fluid
2. None, except possible pleural rub
3. Decreased to absent, but may be increased toward top of effusion |
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Term
| List the percussion note, adventitious sounds, and tactile fremitus/transmitted voice sounds in pneumothorax. |
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Definition
1. Hyperresonant or tympanic over pleural air
2. None except possible pleural rub
3. Decreased to absent over pleural air |
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Term
| List the percussion note, adventitious sounds, and tactile fremitus/transmitted voice sounds in COPD. |
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Definition
1. Diffusely hyperresonant
2. None, or crackles, wheezes, and rhonchi of associated chronic bronchitis
3. Decreased |
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Term
| List the percussion note, adventitious sounds, and tactile fremitus/transmitted voice sounds in asthma. |
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Definition
1. Resonant to diffusely hyperresonant
2. Wheezes, possibly crackles
3. Decreased |
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Term
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Definition
| Alveoli fill with fluid or blood cells, as in pneumonia, pulmonary edema, or pulmonary hemorrhage |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid accumulates in the pleural space and separates air-filled lung from the chest wall, blocking the transmission of sound |
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Term
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Definition
| When air leaks into the pleural space, usually unilaterally, the lung recoils from the chest wall. Pleural air blocks transmission of sound |
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Term
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Definition
| Slowly progressive disorder in which the distal air spaces enlarge and lungs become hyperinflated. Chronic bronchitis also associated |
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Term
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Definition
| Widespread narrowing of the tracheobronchial tree diminishes air flow to a fluctuating degree. During attacks, air flow decreases further, and lungs hyperinflate |
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