Term
|
Definition
| fine downy hair of newborn, replaced by fine vellus hair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| present at birth, thick, cheesy substance made up of sebum and shed epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased pigment in the midline of the abdomen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased pigment in the face - mask of pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stretch marks (connective tissue develops increased fragility) does not resolve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes vascular spiders and palmar erythema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vascularity of the skin diminishes while the vascular fragility increases - minor trauma may produce dark red discolored areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NOT the mask of pregnancy
patchy tan to dark brown discoloration of the face |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ABCDE
how to diagnose malignant melanoma |
|
Definition
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color variation
Diameter greater than 6mm
Elevation or Enlargement
+ Discharge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pallor - white
erythema - red
cyanosis - blue
jaundice - yellow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| complete absence of melanin pigment, can happen everywhere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
early sign of respiratory distress in children
late sign of respiratory distress in adults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the junction of the hard and soft palate in the mouth and in the sclera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| local or peripheral cause |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bilateral or generalized edema - central problem such as heart or kidney failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1+ mild - slight indentation, no perceptible swelling of leg
2+ moderate - indentation subsides rapidly
3+ deep - indentation remains for a short time, leg looks swollen
4+ very deep - indentation lasts a long time, leg very swollen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ability of skin to return to place promptly when released
good or poor
severe dehydration or extreme weight loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small, smooth, slightly raised bright red dots
commonly in adults older than 30
normally increase in size and number with aging, not signif |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when lesion develops on previously unaltered skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a lesion changes over time or changes because of a factor such as infection or scratching |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gray, scaly, well-defined areas with broken hairs - a ringworm infection found mostly in school age children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excess body hair - in females on face and chest - abnormally high testosterone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
should be 160
curved < 160
early clubbing 180 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs with congenital cyanotic heart disease and pulmonary disease, COPD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ultraviolet filter through special glass - detects fungal infection with blue-green fluorescence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
normal color return instant or <3 sec
indicator of peripheral blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hyperpigmentation - black to purple - gradually fades but still visible - common in blacks and asians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
round oval light brown pigmentation, fades does not go away
6 or more associated with neurofibromatosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common rash in first 3 to 4 days of life - flea bite - no Tx needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common variation in half of all newborns - |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tiny white papules on cheeks, forehead, across nose
resolves spontaneously |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aka salmon patch - flat, irregularly shaped red or pink patch found on the forehead, eyelid or upper lip
at birth, fades during first year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs in prematurity and malnutrition
poor turgor |
|
|
Term
open comedones
closed comedones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
liver spots
brown macules
not premalignant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dark, greasy, stuck on, raised thickened
not premalignant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
senile/ solar
red-tan scaly plaques (pink) increased to be raised or roughened - silvery or red
premalignant and develop into squamous cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
skin tags
overgrowths can just be cut off |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
circular, begins in center and spreads to periphery
tinea corporis/ versicolor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lesions run together
urticaria/ hives (represents histamine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
distinct/ individual, remain separate
acrochordon, acne |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
twisted, coiled spiral, snakelike
scabes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
clusters of lesions
contact dermatitis, poison ivy/oak |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
scratch, streak, line
allergic rxn to belt/bra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
iris/ eye/ concentric rings
lyme disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve route
herpes zoster |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
annular lesions grow together
lichen planus, psoriasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
color change, flat, less than 1 cm
freckles
primary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
macules > 1 cm
mongolian spot
primary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
solid elevated < 1cm
mole/ nevus or wart/ verruca
primary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
papules coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm
psoriasis
primary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1 cm - may extend deeper into dermis than papule
fibroma
primary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
larger than a few cm, firm or soft, deeper into dermis
lipoma
primary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
superficial, raised, transient and erythematous
primary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hives - wheals coalesce, pruritic
primary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elevated containing free fluid, up to 1cm, blister
herpes simplex, varicella
primary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
larger than 1 cm, bigger blister
primary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
encapsulated fluid filled
sebaceous cyst
primary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cavity with pus
impetigo, acne
primary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dried out exudate left when vesicles/pustules burst or dry up
impetigo (honey colored)
secondary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
compact, flakes of skin, silver or white
seborrheic dermatits
psoriasis
secondary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
linear crack
athlete's foot
secondary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
shallow depression, heals without scar bc only epidermis
secondary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
deeper depression extending into dermis, leaves scar
pressure ulcer
secondary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
self inflicted abrasion
scratching
secondary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
normal tissue is lost and replaced with connective tissue
permanent fibrotic damage
secondary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
skin level is depressed with loss of tissue - THINNING of epidermis
striae (stretch marks)
secondary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tightly packed sets of papules, thickened skin
eczema (in kids autoimmune? - adult allergy)
red (itchy) - scabs - lichen (feels like sand paper) - sloughs off
secondary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypertrophic scar - excess scar tissue
claw-like; higher among blacks
secondary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decubitus ulcer
I - red but unbroken
II - partial thickness erosion - loss of epidermis/dermis
III - full thickness, crater, extends into subcutaneous
IV - full thickness, all skin layers, muscle, tendon, bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. red-blue or purple immediately or within 24 hours
2. blue to purple
3. blue green
4. yellow
5. brown to disappearing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a bruise or wound whose shape suggests the instrument or weapon that caused it |
|
|
Term
nevus flammeus
vascular lesion |
|
Definition
port-wine stain - large flat macular patch covering scalp or face - frequently along cranial nerve V - intensifies with crying, exertion or hot/cold
present at birth does not fade |
|
|
Term
immature hemangioma
vascular lesion |
|
Definition
strawberry mark - raised bright red area with well defined borders
disappears by age 5 or 7 |
|
|
Term
| cavernous hemangioma (mature) |
|
Definition
| present at birth, may enlarge during first 10-15 months, will not involute spontaneously |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with pregnancy and liver disease |
|
|
Term
telangiectasia
telangiectasis |
|
Definition
permanently enlarged and dilated blood vessels visible at skin surface
fair skin, HTN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blood flowing out of breaks in the vessels
blood pigment in tissues (extravascular) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tiny punctate hemorrhages, 1-3mm, discrete, bleeding from superficial capillaries, will not blanch
thrombocytopenia (platelet count too low, involved in clotting) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a purplish patch resulting from extravasation of blood into the skin >3 mm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
confluent and extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymoses
> 3mm, macular hemorrhage
thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
caused by candida, fungal
scalding red, moist patches with sharply demarcated borders, some loose scales |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thin roofed vesicles, honey-colored crust
staph aureus
contagious |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
erythematous papules and vesicles, weeping, oozing crusts
paroxysmal = sudden start, sudden stop
allergies and or asthma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
measles
koplik spots in mouth
first behind ears and spreads over face
red-purple maculopapular blotchy rash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
german measles
pink, papular (paler) - first face then spreads
absence of Koplik spots
presence of neck lymphadenopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dew drop on a rose petal
small tight vesicles - first on trunk then spread to face, arms, legs (not on palms or soles) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| local inflammatory rxn to an irritant in the environment or allergy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
systemic, generalized
erythematous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ringworm of BODY (body anywhere)
multiple circular lesions with clear centers
hyperpigmented in whites, depigmented in darks
fungal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ringworm of FOOT
athlete's foot
fungal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cold sore
virus
can lie dormant for decades |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fine scaly patches of pink, tan, white
superficial fungal infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
shingles
along route of cutaneous sensory nerve, pustules then crusts
varicella zoster virus (VZV)
reactivation of chickenpox |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lyme disease
deer tick
concentric circles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
scaly, erythematous, silvery scales
elbows, knees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
starts as skin colored papul
rounded pearly borders, central red ulcer - looks like open pore, volcano lesion
most common, slow growing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
arise from actinic keratoses
erythematous scaly patch with sharp margins, 1 cm or more
central ulcer and surrounding erythema
less common, grows rapidly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
half of lesions arise from preexisting nevi
brown, tan, black, pink-red, purple
scaling flaking oozing
highest mortality of malignant cancers
diagnosed at youngest age, 40 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vascular tumor
cancer of lining of blood vessels
common in HIV infected persons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cradle cap
thick, yellow to white, greasy, adherent scales, mild erythema on scalp and forehead |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infection of hair follicle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
self induced hair loss as result of compulsive twisting and plucking of hair
sign of anxiety disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| red, swollen, hard, tender, pus-filled lesion, localized bacterial, staphylcoccal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
scabies mite
mites form a linear or curved elevated burrow on the fingers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bacterial infection of nail bed/ nail folds
red, swollen, tender |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fungal infection of nails
crumbling, breaking
begins distal and progresses proximally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transverse furrow or groove
trauma temporarily impairs nail formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pulmonary circulation, chronic lung inflammation, bronchial tumors, heart defects with right to left shunts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the visual receptive layer of the eye in which light waves are changed into nerve impulses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pigment change bc of high cholesterol, arc or circle around the limbus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decrease in the lens' ability to change shape to accommodate for near vision
decrease in power of accommodation
50% have by age 40 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lens opacity, clumping of proteins on the lens
can have double vision in single eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
test is tonometry
increased intraocular pressure
gradual loss of peripheral vision
affects men more than women, affects blacks and hispanics more |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
loss of central vision, most common cause of blindness in whites
affects women more than men |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
double vision
perception of two images |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
recorded in fraction
pt in numerator, denominator is what normal eye can see
larger the denominator the poorer the vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| right, 20/30, -2, with glasses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gross measure of peripheral vision
compares person's peripheral vision with your own
60 nasally, 50 superiorly, 90 temporally, 70 inferiorly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
corneal light reflex
assess parallel alignment of eye, reflection of light should be symmetrical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cover one eye, note uncovered eye
normal is a steady fixed gaze |
|
|
Term
| diagnostic positions test |
|
Definition
whisker test, six cardinal positions, 12 inches away
normal - parallel tracking of object with both eyes |
|
|
Term
| extraocular muscle function tests |
|
Definition
elicit eye muscle weakness
corneal light reflex
cover test
diagnostic positions test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fine oscillating movement best seen around the iris
Multiple sclerosis, brain lesions
eyes flicker back and forth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
strength of each lens
black (+) focus on objects nearer
red (-) for focusing on objects farther away |
|
|
Term
| holding the ophthalmoscope |
|
Definition
your RIGHT hand, to your RIGHT eye to the person's RIGHT eye
LEFT, LEFT, LEFT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reflection of light off the inner retina
begin about 25 cm/ 10 in away steadily move closer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
creamy yellow orange to pink
round
distinct margins
cup/disc ration - not more than half the disc diameter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arteries are brighter red than veins, have an arterial light reflex and have an artery to vein ration of 2:3 or 4:5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2-2.5 DD temporal to the disc
fovea centralis - area of keenest vision
clumped pigment may occur with aging |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
looks like a raised bridge
elevated at an intersection
sign of HTN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transparent/ clear (not white)
pink over lower lids
white over the sclera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
protruding eyes, bulging
hyperthyroidism
even after Tx does not go away |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smoothness, should not be opacities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes irregular ridges in reflected light, producing a shattered look to light rays |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
darken room, gaze into distance, advance light from the side
direct light reflex
consensual light reflex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pupils are Equally Round and Reactive to Light
(Accommodation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a normal response includes pupillary constriction and convergence of the axes of the eyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
crossed eye
visual acuity in this otherwise normal eye begins to deteriorate from disuse
diagnosis after 6 has a poor prognosis
untreated strabismus can lead to permanent visual damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| commonly show on sclera, yellowish elevated nodules due to thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva from prolonged exposure to sun, wind, dust |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also an opacity on the bulbar conjunctiva, but one that grows over the cornea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
soft, raised yellow plaques occurring on the lids at the inner canthus
high and normal blood levels of cholesterol, no pathogenic significance
sometimes looks like skin tags but more yellow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lids are swollen, puffy
edema around eyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
protruding eyes
thyrotoxicosis - exacerbated hyperthyroidism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
drooping upper lid from neuromuscular weakness
myasthenia gravis (neuro prob, autoimmune disease, blockage of acetylcholine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
normal in many children
when combined with epicanthal folds, hypertelorism and Brushfield spots (light colored areas in outer iris) indicates Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of the eyelids
scaly, greasy flakes
staphylcoccal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beady nodule, infection, retention cyst of a meibomian gland
bigger/uglier
NOT PAINFUL
no Tx must cut it out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stye PAINFUL
localized staphococcal infection of hair follicle |
|
|
Term
| basal cell carcinoma (on eye) |
|
Definition
volcano lesion
most common, slow growing, not painful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| constricted and fixed pupils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pink eye
bacterial or viral, allergy, STD
itching, burning, foreign body sensation
NO PAIN |
|
|
Term
| subconjunctival hemorrhage |
|
Definition
red patch on the sclera
increased intraocular pressure (from coughing, birth, weight lifting, straining)
looks really bad but not significant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
screening by age 40 recommended
sudden increased intraocular pressure
requires emergency Tx to avoid permanent vision loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most common result of blunt injury
visible only when fluorescein stain reveals yellow-green branching |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood in anterior chamber, serious result of herpes zoster |
|
|
Term
| papilledema (choked disc) |
|
Definition
increased intraCRANIAL pressure causes venous stasis in the globe, showing redness, congestion and elevation of the disc
brain tumor, HTN crisis
visual acuity not affected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
when vein is occluded, it dilates distal to crossing, disc edema and hard exudates
with HTN the arteriole wall thickens and becomes opaque so that no blood is seen inside
long standing high blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diabetes
puntate red dots, localized dilations of small vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the elliptical open space between the eyelids
lid margins should approximate completely |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the border between the cornea and the sclera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the corner of the eye, the angle where the lids meet
inner/medial and lateral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small, fleshy mass containing sebaceous glands at inner canthus, part of what lubricates the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
auricle or pina, helix, antihelix, external auditory meatus (opening), tragus, antitragus, lobule
location of mastoid process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| parts of the tympanic membrane |
|
Definition
| pars flaccida, pars tensa, cone of light, short process of malleus, manubrium of malleus, umbo, incus, annulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and allows passage of air |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bony labyrinth, vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mechanical dysfunction - impacted cerumen, foreign bodies, perforated tympanic, otosclerosis
possibly able to hear with increase in amplitude |
|
|
Term
| sensorineural hearing loss |
|
Definition
pathology of inner ear, cranial nerve VIII - simple increase in amplitude may not enable person to understand words
presbycusis - gradual nerve degeneration that occurs with aging or ototoxic drugs (affect hair cells) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| both conductive and sensorineural |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conductive hearing loss, hardening of footplate, stapes becomes fixed to oval window |
|
|
Term
eustachian tube
infant vs adult |
|
Definition
infant - horizontal
adult - sloped |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sensorineural hearing loss, nerve degeneration - first high frequency tone loss, harder to hear consonants
60% of those older than 65 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
middle ear infection - obstruction of eustachian tube or passage of nasopharyngeal secretions into the middle ear
most common illness in children
90% of children younger than 2 years have had one episode |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
genetically determined
dry - gray and flaky - Asians and American Indians
wet - honey brown to dark brown and moist - Caucasians and African Americans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small, painless nodule at the helix, congenital variation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hold upside down and have dorsa of your hand along the person's cheek
adult - pull pinna up and back
child - pull pinna down and back |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pull out, reposition the person's head, re-angle the otoscope and point nasally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shiny, translucent, with a pearl gray color, cone of light is 5 or 7 o'clock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
not a sensitive test
pump tragus with one finger, shield lips, whisper 3 items
3 out of 6 is a passing score |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
strike tuning fork, place at middle on top of head
sound should be heard bilaterally, it does not lateralize |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
strike tuning fork, place on mastoid process (when they can't hear it) place in front of auditory canal (tell me when you can't hear it)
AC> BC (is normal) AC 2x as long as BC |
|
|
Term
Conductive
vs
Sensorineural hearing loss |
|
Definition
sound will lateralize to poorer ear AC< BC
sound will lateralize to better ear AC> BC |
|
|
Term
| low set ears are a sign of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
top of pinna should match an imaginary line extending from the corner of the eye to the occiput
the ear should be positioned within 10 degrees of vertical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
red blue discoloration, swelling of the auricle after exposure to extreme cold, vesicles or bullae may develop
feels pain and tenderness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
swimmer's ear
cellulitis of pinna and tragus, purulent discharge, scaling, itching, fever - hearing is normal or slightly diminished
swimming - canal gets water logged - lakes/ ponds - bacteria - topical antibacterial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small, whitish yellow, hard, nontender nodules in or near helix or antihelix, contain greasy, chalky material of URIC ACID crystals and are a sign of gout
not Darwin's tubercle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the ear it is most common at lobule at the site of a pierced ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
basal cell, usually in superior rim of pinna bc of sun exposure
volcano lesion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
painful, reddened, infected hair follicle
regional lymphadenopathy often accompanies a furuncle
needs some time mostly |
|
|
Term
| otitis media with Effusion |
|
Definition
amber-yellow drum suggests serum in middle ear that transudates to relieve negative pressure
not pearly |
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Term
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Definition
hallowed
drum may rupture from acute otitis media if untreated
blew open |
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Term
| inserttion of Tympanostomy tubes |
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Definition
common in kids with chronic infections
relieves middle ear pressure and promotes drainage of chronic or recurrent middle ear infections |
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Term
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Definition
an overgrowth of epidermal tissue in the middle ear or temporal bone, may result over years from marginal TM perforation
can erode bone and produce hearing loss later in life
chronic otitis media |
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Term
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Definition
three parallel bony projections on the lateral walls of each nasal cavity - superior, middle and inferior
available to warm, humidify and filter the inhaled air
can't see superior |
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Term
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Definition
frontal above eyes
maxillary behind cheekbones
ethmoid inner corner of eyes
sphenoid deep within skull
two accesible to examination |
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Term
uvula
hard palate
soft palate |
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Definition
free projection that hangs down from middle of soft palate
made up of bone and is whitish color
posterior to hard palate |
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Term
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Definition
| a midline fold of tissue that connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth |
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Term
| mouth has 3 pairs of salivary glands |
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Definition
parotid
submandibular
sublingual |
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Term
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Definition
| from parotid gland, runs forward to open on the buccal mucosa opposite the second molar |
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Term
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Definition
| from submandibular gland, runs up and forward to the floor of the mouth and opens at either side of frenulum |
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Term
permanent teeth
children's deciduous teeth |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| separated from the mouth by a fold of tissue on each side, the anterior tonsillar pilar |
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Term
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Definition
| continuous with the oropharynx, although it is above the oropharynx and behind the nasal cavity. The pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and the eustachian tube openings are located here |
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Term
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Definition
double uvula or split uvula (completely or partially)
highest ethnicity is American Indians and second is Asians |
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Term
| cleft lip/ cleft palate incidence |
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Definition
Asian American (highest, Japanese)
American Indians
least common among African Americans |
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Term
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Definition
nasal mucosa is swollen and bright red with upper respiratory infection
discharge is common - varies from watery and copious to thick, purulent and green-yellow |
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Term
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Definition
| mucosa looks swollen, boggy, pale, and gray |
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Term
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Definition
most likely to develop in the U-shaped area under the tongue, behind the teeth
note white patches, nodules or ulcerations |
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Term
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Definition
| a benign, milky, bluish white opaque are more common in Blacks |
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Term
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Definition
the hard palate appears yellow
hepatitis - the liver is inflammed |
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Term
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Definition
1+ visible - Normal
2+ halfway btwn tonsillar pillars and uvula
3+ touching uvula
4+ touching each other
tonsils are enlarged with an acute infection |
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Term
|
Definition
nosebleed
most common site of a nosebleed is Kiesselbach plexus in the anterior septum (front part of nose)
(what's their BP? HTN causes nose bleeds) |
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Term
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Definition
| a hole in the septum, snorting cocaine, chronic infection, trauma |
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Term
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Definition
clear, watery discharge
turbinates dark red and swollen |
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Term
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Definition
itching of nose and eyes
usually pale, grey |
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Term
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Definition
facial pain after URI
red swollen nasal mucosa, swollen turbinates, purulent discharge
pain, pain with palpation |
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Term
|
Definition
maxillofacial clefts are the most common congenital deformities of head and neck
highest in American Indians and Asians; lowest in Blacks |
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Term
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Definition
cold sores, evolve into pustules, which rupture, weep and crust and heal in 4 to 10 days
provoked by sunlight, fever, colds, allergy
very common affecting 50% of adults |
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Term
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Definition
| upper or lower dental arches are not in alignment |
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Term
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Definition
gum margins are red and swollen and bleed easily
inflammation
poor dental hygiene |
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Term
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Definition
| congenital defect, failure of fusion of the maxillary processes - wide variation in the extent of cleft formation - upper lip only, palate only, uvula only, cleft of nostril and the hard and soft palates |
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Term
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Definition
canker sore, white inside, red halo
stress ulcer |
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Term
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Definition
| small blue-white spots with irregular red halo scattered over mucosa opposite the molars - early sign of measles |
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Term
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Definition
white, cheesy, curd-like patch on the buccal mucosa and tongue - scrapes off, leaving raw, red surface that bleeds easily
"thrush" in newborn
fungal, occurs after antibiotics |
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Term
|
Definition
smooth, glossy tongue
surface is slick and shiny, mucosa thins and looks red
iron deficiency anemia |
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Term
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Definition
| bruiselike, dark red or violet, confluent macule, usually on hard palate |
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Term
thyroid gland
thyroid cartilage |
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Definition
CELLULAR METABOLISM
palpable notch - adam's apple |
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Term
|
Definition
| enlargement of the lymph (>1cm) from infection, allergy or neoplasm |
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Term
|
Definition
note location, size, shape, discrete/matted, mobility, tenderness
cervical nodes are often palpable in healthy persons
normal - moveable, discrete, soft and nontender |
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Term
|
Definition
| acute onset, < 14 days duration, nodes are bilateral, enlarged, warm, tender, and firm but freely movable |
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Term
chronic inflammation
lymph |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| hard, > 3 cm, unilateral, nontender, matted, fixed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| can you palpate the normal adult thyroid |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| obstruction of drainage of cerebrospinal fluid results in excessive accumulation, increasing intracranial pressure and enlargement of the head |
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Term
|
Definition
chronic enlargement of the thyroid gland that occurs in some regions where the soil is low in iodine
not due to neoplasm
hypo or hyperthyroidism; usually hypo |
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Term
|
Definition
| facial malformations may be recognizable at birth - narrow palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds and midfacial hypoplasia |
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Term
|
Definition
Trisomy 21 - upslanting eyes with inner epicanthal folds; flat nasal bridge; small, broad, flat nose; protruding thick tongue; ear dysplasia; short, broad neck with webbing and small hands with a single palmar crease
leading risk - older parents |
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Term
|
Definition
| deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine |
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Term
|
Definition
fat face - too much steroid
excessive secretion of corticotropin hormone (ACTH) and chronic steroid use |
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Term
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Definition
LMN lesion (peripheral) - cranial nerve VII paralysis
HSV-I
person canNOT wrinkle forehead, raise eyebrow, close eye, whistle or show teeth on the right side |
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Term
Stroke
Cerebrovascular Accident
# 4 killer |
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Definition
UMN lesion (central) - stroke or brain attack
paralysis of LOWER facial muscles - upper half not affected bc of intact nerve from unaffected hemisphere - able to wrinkle forehead and close the eyes |
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Term
|
Definition
"hard skin" rare connective tissue disease
chronic hardening and shrinking degenerative changes in the skin, blood vessels, synovium and skeletal muscles - can occur in the skin, heart, esophagus, kidney, lung |
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Term
| leading cause of cataracts |
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Definition
| aging - cataract surgery is most common surgery in those > 60yr |
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Term
| leading cause of blindness |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| blind spot surrounded by an area of normal or decreased vision, occurs with glaucoma |
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|
Term
| halos around lights occur with |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| painful - fluid can't get out, pressure builds - pain |
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