Term
| What 5 characteristics are used to assess respiration? |
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Definition
| Rate-Rhythm-Depth-Effort-Sound |
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Term
| Males and Infants are breathers |
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Definition
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Term
| Females are noted to be breathers |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the percussion tone elicited over healthy lung tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the percussion tone heard with overinflated lungs, such as in emphysema where air becomes trapped? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what age range is hyperresonance expected? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percussion depth range of tissue must be penetrated to reveal any density changes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Abnormal findings must be ______ to yield a change in the expected percussion note. |
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Definition
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Term
| You are caring for a patient with a chest tube. As you are palpating around the tube, you hear a coarse, crackling sensation. You realize that air has escaped into the subcutaneous tissue. You notify the physician that the patient has _______ or AKA SC ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 accessary muscles that aid the respiratory cycle when the body is experiencing disease. |
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Definition
| Sternocleidomastoid, Trapezius, Scalenes, Pectoralis minor, Rectus Abdominus |
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Term
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Definition
| Discontinuous, high-pitched, short crackling, popping sounds heard during end inspiration that are not cleared by coughing. Caused by deflated airways that suddenly pop open when gases are trying to equalize. Found in smaller areas. "Popping sound heard on end inspiration-related to fluid" |
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Term
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Definition
| "Low pitch grating sound" Heard on inspiration & expiration. Grating, harsh, low pitch sound. Caused by layers rubbing together. A lot of pain with breathing. Heard anteriorly & posteriorly. Caused by Pleuritis. |
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Term
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Definition
| High-pitch musical sound-asthma. Heard on end inspiration and all of expiration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal voice sound "ee" to "aa". Deviation: consolidated areas will change the "eee" sound to a prolonged "aaaa" sound |
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Term
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Definition
| Sign of upper airway obstruction. High-pitched, monophonic, inspiratory, crowing sound, louder in neck than over chest wall. Seen in croup and acute epiglottitis. |
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Term
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Definition
Ask person to repeat "99"
Expected: soft, muffled & indistinct
Deviation: Increased lung density enhances transmission "99" will be very clear |
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Term
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Definition
| Low-pitch-monophonic-Bronchitis-Predominantly upon expiration. Caused by airflow obstruction. May or may not clear with cough. |
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Term
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Definition
Clear voice transmission with lung consolidation. Person whispers "1-2-3"
Expected: Faint & Barely Inaudible
Deviation: Consolidation Makes it more clear/distinct. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vibration over thick secretions |
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Term
| Pleural Friction Fremitus |
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Definition
| Palpable friction rub-inflamed pleura-synchronous w/ excursion |
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Term
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Definition
| High pitch, loud, E>I, Heard over Trachea |
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Term
| Bronchovesicular Breath Sounds |
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Definition
| Moderate pitch, Morderate amplitude, I=E, Anteriorly: Major Bronchi(1st & 2nd ICS) Posteriorly Between scapula, This is the dominant sound heard over the lung periphery in children up to age 6. |
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Term
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Definition
| Low pitch, Soft amplitude, I>E, heard over lung periphery |
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Term
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Definition
| Elliptical shape with a 1:2 AP:Transverse diameter |
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Term
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Definition
| AP=Transverse diameter. This is associated with normal aging and also with chronic emphysema and asthma as a result of hyperinflation of lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sunken sternum & adjacent cartilages. Depression begins at second intercostal space, becoming depressed most at junction of xiphoid with body of sternum. More noticeable on inspiration. Congenital, usually not symptomatic. When severe, sternal depression may cause embarrassment and a negative self-concept. Surgery may be indicated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Forward protrusion of the sternum with ribs sloping back at either side. |
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Term
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Definition
| "humpback"-older women. Causes significant back pain and limited mobility. Severe deformities impair cardiopulmonary function. |
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Term
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Definition
| S-shape curve of T&L spine. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Decreased tactile fremitus occurs... |
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Definition
| when there is decreased air movement, such as with asthma. |
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Term
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Definition
| difficulty breathing while supine |
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Term
| Kyphosis & Scoliosis can impair... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Temporary and not pathological; they are short, popping, crackling sounds that sound like fine crackles but do not last beyond a few breaths. |
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Term
| Central Chemoreceptors are located in the _____ & _____________ and are highly sensitive to ________ in _____, along with _________ ____ concentration. |
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Definition
| Central Chemoreceptors are located in the pons & medulla oblongata and are highly sensitive to increases in PaCO2, along with Hydrogen Ion concentration. |
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Term
| Peripheral Chemoreceptors are found in the _____&_____ bodies. They are highly sensitive to ______in_____ levels |
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Definition
| Peripheral chemoreceptors are found in the carotid and Aortic bodies. They are highly sensitive to Decreases in PaO2 levels. |
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Term
| In a healthy person, what stimulus or "drive" to breath? |
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Definition
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Term
| IN a person with COPD, what is their stimulus or "drive to breath? |
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Definition
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Term
| When percussing to determine diaphragmatic excursion, what percussion note will indicate that you are over the diaphragm? |
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Definition
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Term
| Expected respiratory expansion is between _____ during Inspiration. |
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Definition
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Term
| What respiratory pattern is associated with an individual who has severe heart failure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What sternal landmark helps identify the level of the diaphragm |
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Definition
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Term
| A person assumes a ______ position during respiratory distress to enhance accessory muscle use and a person with COPD will also use ________ breathing which prolongs expiration |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ respiration refers to the intracellular use of oxygen and production of CO2 |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ chest wall movement may occur after chest trauma when the chest wall moves in on inspiration and out on expiration. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ breath sounds are extraneous abnormal sounds superimposed over normal lung sounds |
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Definition
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Term
| ______respirations are a sign of impending death. |
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Definition
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Term
| SOB that awakens i a person in the middle of the night is termed |
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Definition
| Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND): awakening from sleep with SOB and needing to be upright to achieve comfort. |
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Term
| What 4 sputum characteristics should be assessed |
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Definition
| color-consistency-amount-odor |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood within pleural space |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Reactive airway disease; An allergic response to certain allergens or stress/ exercise induced.
Characterized by Bronchospasm/Inflammation, Bronchial wall edema, secretion of highly viscous mucus.
*Bilateral Sibilant Wheezing mainly on expiration. |
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Term
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Definition
Collapsed alveoli
Tracheal shift toward affected side |
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Term
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Definition
Trapped air in alveoli
Hyperresonance |
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Term
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Definition
Collection of Excess fluid in Intrapleural Space.
Tracheal Shift away from affected side |
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Term
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Definition
Infection in Lung parenchyma leaves alveolar membrane edematous & porous-RBCs/WBCs pass from blood to fill up alveoli.
Increased voice sounds/Fine crackles |
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Term
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Definition
Free air in the pleural space which causes partial or complete lung collapse- usually unilateral- can be spontaneous, traumatic or tension.
Tracheal shift to unaffected side |
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Term
| When auscultating at the apex, which heart sound is normally louder? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which heart sound is louder when auscultating the base |
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Definition
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Term
| List 6 characteristics used to describe a murmur |
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Definition
| Location-Radiation-Timing-Pattern-Intensity-Pitch-Quality-Postural Effects |
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Term
| The 3rd heart sound is referred to as ________ When in the cardiac cycle does this sound occur? |
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Definition
| Ventricular gallop; Immediately after S2; therefore, it is heard in early diastole |
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Term
| The 4th heart sound is referred to as a ______. When in the cardiac cycle does this sound occur? |
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Definition
| Atrial gallop; Immediately before S1; therefore, it is heard in late diastole. |
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Term
| Which of these sounds is considered an early sign in someone with heart failure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of there heart sounds is expected in a small child? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 2 arteries that the Allen test check in regards to patency. |
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Definition
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Term
| What procedure is done to determine the extent of peripheral vascular disease? |
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Definition
| Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) |
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Term
| What is the expected finding with the ABI test in an individual who has no PVD? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Caused by closure of the AV valves
Signifies the beginning of ventricular systole |
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Term
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Definition
Caused by closure of the semilunar valves
Best heard with the diaphragm of the stethoscope. |
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Term
| What cardiac landmark would you find in the 5thICS-LMCL? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cardiac landmark would you find in the 5th ICS-LSB? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cardiac landmark would you find in the 3rd ICS-LSB |
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Definition
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Term
| What cardiac landmark would you find in the 2nd ICS-LSB? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cardiac landmark would you find in the 2nd ICS-RSB |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the AV valves closes more rapidly than the other? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the semilunar valves closes before the other? |
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Definition
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Term
WHat would the heart rate be if the following nodes were responsible for initiating impulse?
1)SA node
2)AV node
3)Bundle Branches |
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Definition
1)60-100bpm
2)40-60bpm
3)20-40bpm |
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Term
| Normal "split" heart sounds occur during ____ and disappear during______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Parodoxical "split" heart sounds occur during ________ and disappear during _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| There are __ grades used to describe the intensity of murmurs where grade __ is barely audible with the stehoscope and a Grade __ murmur can be heard with the stethoscope off the chest wall. |
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Definition
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